Black Males, Social Imagery, and the Disruption of Pathological IdentitiesJonathan Dunnemann
Throughout the history of the U.S., racialized groups have often had their experiences profoundly shaped by social imagery in ways that have created tremendous hardships in the quest for
self-actualization and a healthy sense of self.
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the manner in which Black males have been one of the primary victims of negative social imagery and how the remnants of these constructions continue to have contemporary influences, ....
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article explores collegiate Black identity development when African American students attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) in the United States, considering the overall impact of total marginality. The term “total marginality” is used to describe the myriad, chronic, and often inescapable ways that African American college students attending PWIs are marginalized in a college setting. The focus of this paper is the impact of total marginality on Black identity development for those African American collegians who successfully complete their university studies at a PWI.
Black Males, Social Imagery, and the Disruption of Pathological IdentitiesJonathan Dunnemann
Throughout the history of the U.S., racialized groups have often had their experiences profoundly shaped by social imagery in ways that have created tremendous hardships in the quest for
self-actualization and a healthy sense of self.
The purpose of this article is to shed light on the manner in which Black males have been one of the primary victims of negative social imagery and how the remnants of these constructions continue to have contemporary influences, ....
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article explores collegiate Black identity development when African American students attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) in the United States, considering the overall impact of total marginality. The term “total marginality” is used to describe the myriad, chronic, and often inescapable ways that African American college students attending PWIs are marginalized in a college setting. The focus of this paper is the impact of total marginality on Black identity development for those African American collegians who successfully complete their university studies at a PWI.
WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Hines, mack t dehumanization of black children nfeasj v32 n4 2015William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
How will technology adoption change the way in which marketers reach and influence consumers in Asia-Pacific over the next decade? How is Microsoft evolving its marketing strategy to reflect these changes?
WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Hines, mack t dehumanization of black children nfeasj v32 n4 2015William Kritsonis
Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, PhD - Editor-in-Chief, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Established 1982). Dr. Kritsonis earned his PhD from The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; M.Ed., Seattle Pacific University; Seattle, Washington; BA Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. He was also named as the Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies at Central Washington University.
How will technology adoption change the way in which marketers reach and influence consumers in Asia-Pacific over the next decade? How is Microsoft evolving its marketing strategy to reflect these changes?
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Critical Thinking & Constructivism - Published in NATI...William Kritsonis
Dr. Fred C. Lunenburg, Critical Thinking & Constructivism - Published in NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief, Houston, Texas
Founder of National FORUM Journals – Over 4,000 Professors Published
Dr. Kritsonis is founder of NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (since 1983). These publications represent a group of highly respected scholarly academic periodicals. Over 4,000 writers have been published in these refereed, peer-reviewed periodicals. In 1983, he founded the National FORUM of Educational Administration and Supervision – now acclaimed by many as the United States’ leading recognized scholarly academic refereed journal in educational administration, leadership, and supervision.
In 1987, Dr. Kritsonis founded the National FORUM of Applied Educational Research Journal whose aim is to conjoin the efforts of applied educational researchers world-wide with those of practitioners in education. He founded the National FORUM of Teacher Education Journal, National FORUM of Special Education Journal, National FORUM of Multicultural Issues Journal, International Journal of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity, International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, and the DOCTORAL FORUM – National Journal for Publishing and Mentoring Doctoral Student Research. The DOCTORAL FORUM is the only refereed journal in America committed to publishing doctoral students while they are enrolled in course work in their doctoral programs. In 1997, he established the Online Journal Division of National FORUM Journals that publishes academic scholarly refereed articles daily on the website: www.nationalforum.com. Over 500 professors have published online. In January 2007, Dr. Kritsonis established Focus: On Colleges, Universities, and Schools.
Missions in Papua New Guinea: A History of Missions among the Kafe People by ...William Kritsonis
Missions in Papua New Guinea: A History of Missions among the Kafe People by Dr. Rick Lumadue and Robin Lumadue - Published by NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS, www.nationalforum.com - Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief
127 African American Students’ Perceptions of Influentia.docxdrennanmicah
127
African American Students’ Perceptions of Influential Factors
for Attendance in Doctoral Psychology*
JEFFERY M. VERGO
University of Indianapolis
MIXALIS POULAKIS
University of Indianapolis
TJ LESHER
University of Indianapolis
SAMREEN KHONDKER
University of Indianapolis
PANSORN BENYASUT
University of Indianapolis
SEBASTIAN DEL CORRAL WINDER
University of Indianapolis
ABSTRACT
This study explores African American undergraduate students’
perceptions of factors influencing their decision to attend doctoral
programs in psychology. There is a scarcity of literature examining
perceptions held by specific minority groups in regard to influential
factors used to make a significant step toward their career development.
Eight undergraduate students interested in pursuing a doctoral degree in
psychology were interviewed. A semi-structured interview and two paper-
pencil measures were used. Interviews were analyzed utilizing the
consensual qualitative research (CQR) method. The following themes
* Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Mixalis Poulakis, University of
Indianapolis School of Psychological Sciences, 1400 East Hanna Avenue, Indianapolis, IN 46227.
128 Journal of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences Vol. 20 (2017)
emerged: reasons for pursuing a doctoral degree, navigating the
application process, factors influencing interest in psychology, perception
of a program’s commitment to diversity, importance of ethnic minority
representation in a program, financial concerns, family view of
psychology, most important factor for attendance, and prior school
experiences outside of psychology. The study found that issues related to
African American representation and research, as well as the presence of
financial aid, are highly relevant in students’ evaluation of which doctoral
programs they prefer to attend. This information will pave the way for
further studies focusing on how to increase the number of African
American students in doctoral programs around the country.
KEY WORDS Consensual Qualitative Research Method; CQR; African American;
Students; Psychology
The enrollment of African American students in graduate programs has been a struggle
despite continuing efforts. As professional psychology programs place greater emphasis
on training students to work with multicultural populations, it is necessary to increase
minority representation in the field. (Henceforth, the term “minority” in this article
represents racial minorities within the United States.) There are several important reasons
for increasing the minority representation in psychology. These include enhanced quality
and sensitivity of services to clients, increased quality of education programs to students,
new perspectives generated for theory development and application related to
contemporary social issues, and greater congruence with.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Qualitative Report 2015 Volume 20, Number 8, Article 6, 12.docxoreo10
The Qualitative Report 2015 Volume 20, Number 8, Article 6, 1260-1269
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR20/8/bell6.pdf
Understanding African American Males’ Schooling Experiences:
A Qualitative Inquiry
Edward E. Bell
Independent Researcher, Raleigh, NC, USA
The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand how African American
males feel about their schooling experiences. This inquiry involved 18
participants located in eastern North Carolina. Many African American
males lack early learning experiences to adequately prepare for a positive
schooling experience. The findings from this study might prove helpful for
working with African American males in an educational setting. Keywords:
Black Males, Graduation, Qualitative Research, Education
African American males need early positive schooling experiences to prepare them
for lifelong learning in the classroom, yet many African American males do not attend
quality preschool programs or participate in early learning opportunities (McCall, 1993).
These types of early childhood experiences might better prepare African American males for
learning and foster a positive schooling experience. Rounds-Bryant (2008) concluded that
“school is the first public place that many children get the opportunity to demonstrate mastery
and competence outside of their family environment” (p. 27). In addition, Rounds-Bryant
postulated that early failure in school typically leads to classroom frustration, academic
withdrawal, and negative behavior. Most important, early academic successes might promote
a long-lasting appreciation for schooling among African American males.
Literature Review
Historical Overview of African American Males
The experience of African American males in America is unlike any experience other
immigrants have faced (Douglas, 2007). During slavery, African Americans were
dehumanized and treated as inferior based solely on their skin color (Douglas; Anton, 2009).
Even today, individuals discriminate against African American males by assuming they
possess less-than-acceptable qualities, such as being lazy and irresponsible (Douglas;
Swanson, Cunningham, & Spencer, 2003). African American males may still be
experiencing the residual effects of slavery, and their academic performance may be linked to
biases (Douglas). Hallinan (2010) revealed that with “roots in history of slavery, civil war,
and racial segregation, Black-White differences in social status and resources have been
difficult to overcome” (p. 50). Hallinan further noted that for decades public schools enrolled
primarily non-Black students, making it essentially illegal for African American students to
read or write. Historically, African Americans have inherited generations of self-hatred and
the looming effects of slavery (Douglas). Many African American males have internalized
negative stereotypes about themselves, their appearance, ...
WILLIAM ALLAN KRITSONIS was recognized as the Central Washington University Alumni Association Distinguished Alumnus for the College of Education and Professional Studies. He was honored by the Texas National Association for Multicultural Education as Professor, Scholar, and Pioneer Publisher for Distinguished Service to Multicultural Research Publishing. The ceremony was held at Texas A&M University-College Station. He was inducted into the prestigious William H. Parker Leadership Academy Hall of Honor. He was an Invited Visiting Lecturer at the Oxford Round Table at Oriel College in the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Dr. Kritsonis was a Visiting Scholar at Columbia University’s Teacher College in New York, and Visiting Scholar in the School of Education at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
91 An Applied Research Case Study Analysis of Managerial.docxsleeperharwell
91
An Applied Research Case Study Analysis of Managerial
Leadership’s Ability to Positively Influence Tolerance of
Religious and International Cultural Diversity in the United
States Workplace Business Environment.
Darrell Norman Burrell, EdS Asila Safi, DM
Virginia International University Colorado Technical University
A.T. Still University
Emad Rahim, D.M., PMP Patricia Justice, Ph.D.
Morrisville State College Jackson State University
Walden University
Robin Walker
Columbia University, Teachers College
Abstract
Historically at most organizations in the United States, diversity training and other
cultural initiatives have focused on valuing diversity in the workplace, particularly in
regard to leadership development. This typical approach to diversity training for
employees is primarily concentrated on racial issues involving African-American and
Latino/Hispanic-American workers. The immigration of executives, laborers and students
from China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Thailand, South Korea, South Africa, Turkey,
Jordan, and Japan has dramatically changed the context of diversity among American
employers. This new, multi-cultural workforce has introduced a unique set of diversity
issues that has created new layers of complexity when it comes to managerial leadership,
organizational environments, and organizational development, specifically related to
cultural and religious considerations.
This action research case study explores the leadership perspectives of three upper-level
managers who are bilingual and naturalized U.S. citizens with varied cultural
backgrounds and religious affiliations. The goal of this study is not to redefine leadership
theory or organizational theory, but to provide viable diversity solutions and approaches
that can positively influence the world of practice.
92
Introduction
Since 2001, a U.S. government agency has experienced a tremendous increase in
discrimination complaints related to race, ethnicity, and religion. A private, internal
human resources development study discovered that the majority of these grievances
were filed by American-Middle Eastern, male employees. Some believed that these
charges were the result of backlash from the September 11th terrorist attack by men of
Middle Eastern descent. The Agency complaints, especially those directed towards
Middle Eastern-American male employees, had risen ten-fold, due to a fearful and
resentful national perception of Muslim/Arab workers, simply because they, like the 9/11
attackers, originated from a particular region as well as shared certain cultural affiliations
and religious backgrounds. The number of racial hostility complaints continued to rise,
even after the Agency made diversity training mandatory for organizational leaders
which had not been required in the past. This new, multi-cultural workforce has
introduced a unique set .
NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS (Founded 1982 (www.nationalforum.com) is a group of national and international refereed journals. NFJ publishes articles on colleges, universities and schools; management, business and administration; academic scholarship, multicultural issues; schooling; special education; counseling and addiction, international issues; education; organizational theory and behavior; educational leadership and supervision; action and applied research; teacher education; race, gender, society; public school law; philosophy and history; psychology, and much more. Dr. William Allan Kritsonis, Editor-in-Chief.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH GLOBAL SUCCESS LỚP 3 - CẢ NĂM (CÓ FILE NGHE VÀ ĐÁP Á...
Mary Ann Springs, Dissertation Proposal
1. LIVING LEGACIES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF FOUR AFRICAN
AMERICAN MALE EDUCATIONAL LEADERS AT A HISTORICALLY BLACK
COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY IN TEXAS
A Proposal Defense
by
Mary Ann Springs
William Allan Kritsonis, PhD – Dissertation Chair
1
2. I. Purpose of the Study
II. Research Questions
III. Significance of the Study
IV. Review of Literature
V. Research Design
VI. Data Analysis
2
3. The purpose of this study will be to give voice
to four African American male educational
leaders, by conducting a phenomenological
research study that will examine the
emergence of educational leadership as
perceived, experienced and exercised by
African American male administrators of a
Historically Black College and University
(HBCU) in Southwest Texas
3
4. 1. What critical moments in history have
impacted the educational leadership style(s) of
four African-American male educational
leaders from a Southwestern Historically Black
College and University?
2. How has leadership style(s) evolved over the
past three decades for four African American
male educational leaders from a Southwestern
Historically Black College and University?
4
5. 3. Which leaders from the past have left an
impression on four African-American male
educational leaders from a Southwestern
Historically Black College and University?
4. In the face of social, political, and racial
adversities, what influenced the decisions for
four African American male educational leaders
at a Southwestern Historically Black College
and University?
5
6. 5. How has the leadership influence of four
senior leaders helped in the mentoring of
African American male students?
6. How has the leadership of four senior African
American male educational leaders influenced
the need for mentorship programs, policies that
would promote African American leadership,
and the recruitment of more African American
male leaders in the future?
6
7. To foster the meaningful paternal relationships
from senior educational leaders to succeeding
generations
To teach and share leadership characteristics
with young male youth of all backgrounds
To encourage African American males to
complete graduation
To inspire and motivate African American males
aspiring leadership positions in public and
higher education
7
8. Critical Race Theory
Resilience Theory
A Historical Perspective of Black Education/HBCU’s
Critical Moments in African American History
African American Leadership from the Past
Black Faculty and Administrators in Higher Education
The Significance of Mentorship for African American
Males
Risk Factors that Threaten African American Male
Youth
8
9. 9
CRT seeks to expose racial and discriminatory
practices that negatively impact marginalized
groups (Bell, 1995 & Delgado, 1999)
Delgado’s Centrality of Race- examines the
impact of racism (Lee, 2008)
10. 10
Seeks to identify factors that contribute to the rise and
success of individuals experiencing oppression
(Zimmerman, Ramaires-Valles, & Maton, 1999)
The utilization of skills, abilities, knowledge, and insight
that develops over a period of time, as people struggle
to surmount adversity to meet challenges (Reivich &
Shatte, 2002; Van Breda, 2001)
The Protective Stabilizing model involves protective
factors that help neutralize the risk of negative outcomes
(Zimmerman, et al).
11. Grew-out of the aftermath of slavery and used as a tool
to transition young black youth from slavery to
mainstream society (Slavery and the Civil War, 2009)
Viewed as the key for social, political, and economical
mobility for Blacks (DuBois, 1903/2003)
Placed under the jurisdiction of the state and local
government (Woolfork, 1986)
Funded by the government, White Philanthropists, and
the Black community (DuBois, 1903/2003; Jackson,
2007; & Woolfork, 1986)
11
12. Valued/supported by the African American community,
who believed they served as the path to overcoming
political, social, and economic inequality (Jackson, 2007;
Woolfork, 1986)
HBCU’s contribute a significant number of African
American graduates and professionals (Bennett & Yu Xie,
2003)
Recruit, nurture, and retain a reasonable amount of their
graduates and provide an educational environment that
promotes trust and security (Bennett & Yu Xie, 2003)
Have greater success in promoting race pride, African
American history, and social interactions (Bennett & Yu
Xie, 2003)
12
13. Black leaders rose to power out of duty to their
race; they were undermined politically and had
little or no protection under the law; the Jim
Crow Laws perpetuated racism and
discrimination especially in the South (DuBois,
1903/2003).
Black Power/The Civil Rights Movements were
the reprise to political, social, and economical
injustice. The movements were organized by
African American male leaders (Berry, 2001;
Biographical profiles, 2010; Herton, 2006).
13
14. During slavery, many African American families
were separated, therefore, leaving single
mothers with the burden of leadership in a
paternalistic society (DuBois, 1903/2003).
The Black family and community became
strong social networks that promoted
spirituality and protection through the church
(DuBois , 1903/2003; Woodson, 1933/2005).
14
15. According to Biographical Profiles,
African American male national leaders
approached leadership from two
dominant perspectives in how they would
lead the African American community:
Activism through non-violence
/accommodation, while exposing the
horrors of racism/inequality (Fredrick
Douglass, Booker T. Washington, and Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.)
15
16. Nationalism (building race pride/self-
sufficiency among one’s race) and fighting
for equality through violence, if necessary:
Marcus Garvey, W.E.B. DuBois, and
Malcolm X ( Biographical Profiles, 2010;
DuBois, 1903/2003; Kritsonis, 2002)
While national African American male
leaders focused on how to best overcome
negative barriers to success, leaders of
HBCU’s were challenged with funding,
legislature, and moving the school toward
the mission of education and service to the
community (Jackson, 2007; Woolfolk, 1986)
16
17. African American faculty are underrepresented
across the board among most U.S. colleges
and universities. Allen’s data confirmed that
African American faculty was systematically
and significantly disadvantaged in measures
such as opportunity structure, resources,
appointed positions, and advancement
opportunities (Allen, 2000).
17
18. According to Foster (2005), mentorship was a strong
predictor of success for African American males in Public
and Higher education.
Foster’s study also revealed that Public White Institutions
(PWI’s) rated poorly with African American male faculty,
who felt PWI’s were not developing strong.
mentor/mentee programs to help buffer isolation and
racism among African American male students.
While Foster’s study had a positive impact on a small
group of inner-city African American male youth, the
overall effectiveness of mentorship programs remain
questionable (Bashi, 1991).
18
19. High drop-out rates in Public
schools and low scores on
standardized tests
Overrepresentation in the areas of
Special Education
High frequency of discipline
referrals and expulsion
Drug and Gang violence
Homicide and incarceration
(Children’s Aid Society ,2006,:
Roderick, 2003)
19
20. Research Methodology
Subjects of Study
Instrumentation
Validity and Reliability of the Study
20
22. Four Participants
Criterion Sampling
African American Male
Educational
Leaders/Teachers
30 or more years of service
Currently serving at a
Southwestern HBCU
Anonymity - lettering
22
27. Participants will review and provide feedback
on the interview questions to check for
ambiguity, repetition, or relevancy of the
questions
Triangulation will include: observation field
notes, demographic information, artifacts, and
vitas
27
28. Researcher and participants collaborate interactively in
shaping emerging themes (Creswell, 2007).
Data Analysis Steps:
1. The researcher brackets/suspends personal bias.
2. The researcher will read, memo, and horizontalize
(highlighting significant statements) the interview data
will answer the research questions.
3. The researcher/participants develop emerging
themes based upon “textural and structural”
descriptions.
28
29. Data Analysis Steps, continued:
4. Textual and Structural descriptions will be detailed in
paragraph form in order to capture the “essence” of the
phenomenon.
5. Triangulation will help validate the study through
observation field notes, demographic information, and
artifacts will be scanned to help embellish key concepts
for emerging themes.
6. After the data has been analyzed, the results will be
reported through a combination of narration and tables.
29
30. 30
“Our lives begin to end the day we become silent
about things that matter.” – Martin Luther King,
Jr.