The Development of Historically Black Colleges and UniversitiesCarlosMcKnight
This presentation accompanied a research paper on the history and development of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in the United States. I discussed their development and why these schools were established. I also discussed the importance of these schools upon establishment and why they are relevant in the twenty-first century.
A presentation showing all the HBCU's (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) throughout the nation with separate showing for single-sex schools including some facts for each as well as facts for each one
IntroductionThe goal of Indian education from the 1880s through .docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction
The goal of Indian education from the 1880s through the 1920s was to assimilate Indian people into the melting pot of America by placing them in institutions where traditional ways could be replaced by those sanctioned by the government. Federal Indian policy called for the removal of children from their families and in many cases enrollment in a government run boarding school. In this way, the policy makers believed, young people would be immersed in the values and practical knowledge of the dominant American society while also being kept away from any influences imparted by their traditionally-minded relatives.
Part 1: Indian Boarding School Movement
The Indian boarding school movement began in the post Civil War era when idealistic reformers turned their attention to the plight of Indian people. Whereas before many Americans regarded the native people with either fear or loathing, the reformers believed that with the proper education and treatment Indians could become just like other citizens. They convinced the leaders of Congress that education could change at least some of the Indian population into patriotic and productive members of society. One of the first efforts to accomplish this goal was the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, founded by Captain Richard Henry Pratt in 1879. Pratt was a leading proponent of the assimilation through education policy. Believing that Indian ways were inferior to those of whites, he subscribed to the principle, "kill the Indian and save the man." At Carlisle, young Indian boys and girls were subjected to a complete transformation. Photographs taken at the school illustrate how they looked "before" and "after". The dramatic contrast between traditional clothing and hairstyles and Victorian styles of dress helped convince the public that through boarding school education Indians could become completely "civilized". Following the model of Carlisle, additional off reservation boarding schools were established in other parts of the country, including Forest Grove, Oregon (later known as Chemawa). (1)
Seeking to educate increasing numbers of Indian children at lower cost, the federal government established two other types of schools: the reservation boarding school and day schools. Reservation boarding schools had the advantage of being closer to Indian communities and as a result had lower transportation costs. Contact between students and their families was somewhat restricted as students remained at the school for eight to nine months of the year. Relatives could visit briefly at prescribed times. School administrators worked constantly to keep the students at school and eradicate all vestiges of their tribal cultures. Day schools, which were the most economical, usually provided only a minimal education. They worked with the boarding schools by transferring students for more advanced studies.
In the Pacific Northwest, treaties negotiated with the Indians during the 1850s included pro.
The Development of Historically Black Colleges and UniversitiesCarlosMcKnight
This presentation accompanied a research paper on the history and development of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) in the United States. I discussed their development and why these schools were established. I also discussed the importance of these schools upon establishment and why they are relevant in the twenty-first century.
A presentation showing all the HBCU's (Historically Black Colleges and Universities) throughout the nation with separate showing for single-sex schools including some facts for each as well as facts for each one
IntroductionThe goal of Indian education from the 1880s through .docxnormanibarber20063
Introduction
The goal of Indian education from the 1880s through the 1920s was to assimilate Indian people into the melting pot of America by placing them in institutions where traditional ways could be replaced by those sanctioned by the government. Federal Indian policy called for the removal of children from their families and in many cases enrollment in a government run boarding school. In this way, the policy makers believed, young people would be immersed in the values and practical knowledge of the dominant American society while also being kept away from any influences imparted by their traditionally-minded relatives.
Part 1: Indian Boarding School Movement
The Indian boarding school movement began in the post Civil War era when idealistic reformers turned their attention to the plight of Indian people. Whereas before many Americans regarded the native people with either fear or loathing, the reformers believed that with the proper education and treatment Indians could become just like other citizens. They convinced the leaders of Congress that education could change at least some of the Indian population into patriotic and productive members of society. One of the first efforts to accomplish this goal was the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, founded by Captain Richard Henry Pratt in 1879. Pratt was a leading proponent of the assimilation through education policy. Believing that Indian ways were inferior to those of whites, he subscribed to the principle, "kill the Indian and save the man." At Carlisle, young Indian boys and girls were subjected to a complete transformation. Photographs taken at the school illustrate how they looked "before" and "after". The dramatic contrast between traditional clothing and hairstyles and Victorian styles of dress helped convince the public that through boarding school education Indians could become completely "civilized". Following the model of Carlisle, additional off reservation boarding schools were established in other parts of the country, including Forest Grove, Oregon (later known as Chemawa). (1)
Seeking to educate increasing numbers of Indian children at lower cost, the federal government established two other types of schools: the reservation boarding school and day schools. Reservation boarding schools had the advantage of being closer to Indian communities and as a result had lower transportation costs. Contact between students and their families was somewhat restricted as students remained at the school for eight to nine months of the year. Relatives could visit briefly at prescribed times. School administrators worked constantly to keep the students at school and eradicate all vestiges of their tribal cultures. Day schools, which were the most economical, usually provided only a minimal education. They worked with the boarding schools by transferring students for more advanced studies.
In the Pacific Northwest, treaties negotiated with the Indians during the 1850s included pro.
Canyonville Christian Academy is one of the oldest Christian boarding schools in the western United States. Canyonville Christian Academy is also committed to excellence in the education of young men and women.
The quest for the creator of Zion Institute of America (ZAA) from K-12 homeschooling to distance learning programs all over the country started in the very early 1980s when she observed the scholastics of the American program were decreasing, and the education of her own kids was suffering.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. 1 | P a g e
Name City & State Founded Closed Additional Info
South Carolina
State University
Orangeburg, SC 1896 2015 After many years of financial struggles, the South Carolina
legislature voted to close the college for 2 years. SC State was
founded as a land grant college with a mission of providing
education and service to the citizens of the state. In its first century,
SC State was a leader in education.
St. Paul's
College
Lawrenceville, VA 1888 2013 Having unsuccessfully battled a crushing debt and a rejected
accreditation, St. Paul College joins the ranks of HBCU’s forced to
close their doors for good. They closed in June 2013. The major
agents behind the 125-year-old school’s closure have reignited
discussions on the current state of HBCUs and possible ways to
ensure their future.
Mary Holmes
College
West Point, MS 1892 2004 The Board of Freedmen of the Presbyterian Church founded Mary
Holmes College as a high school in 1892 in Jacksonville,
Mississippi. The school was made into a two-year private college
in 1959. Toward the end of its legacy, a host of problems led the
institution’s Board of Trustees to declare bankruptcy and close in
2004.
Natchez College Natchez, MS 1885 1993 Natchez College was one of several private institutions of higher
learning established by religious organizations in Mississippi
during the post-Civil War period. Integration and the proximity of
Alcorn College (now Alcorn State University) were instrumental in
the ultimate failure of the college, which contributed significantly
for over a century to the education and cultural life of African
Americans in Southwest Mississippi.
[HBCU’S THAT HAVE CLOSED]
2. 2 | P a g e
Name City & State Founded Closed Additional Info
Bishop College Dallas, TX 1881 1988 Located originally in Marshall, Texas, Bishop College grew out of a
desire to establish a Texas college for Black Baptists. The Baptist
Home Mission Society founded the college in 1881. Accomplished
clergymen like Martin Luther King Jr. and Jesse Jackson would
often visit the religion-oriented institution. The school experienced
a series of controversies and financial problems in the 1970s
before closing in 1988.
Mississippi
Industrial
College
Holly Springs, MS 1905 1982 A private institution located in Holly Springs, Mississippi Industrial
College was founded by the Mississippi Conference of the Colored
Methodist Episcopal Church in 1905. Young Black students were
trained in Christian ideals and provided with literary and industrial
educations. The college closed in 1982.
Friendship
College
Rock Hill, SC 1891 1981 Based in Rock Hill, South Carolina, Friendship College was
founded in 1891 as “a place for young African-Americans to be
educated so that they could move forward in society as ministers
and educators.” The institution held its final semester in 1981 after
an investigation exposed a mismanagement of funds.
Daniel Payne
College
Birmingham, AL 1889 1979 Daniel Payne College was a private four-year college located in
Birmingham, Alabama. Founded in 1889, the college was named
after the sixth bishop of the A.M.E. Church. Payne had been the
first Black president of a college in the United States. In 1977, a
massive tornado left over $1 million worth of damages to the
campus, forcing the college to close that same year.
[HBCU’S THAT HAVE CLOSED]
3. 3 | P a g e
Name City & State Founded Closed Additional Info
Kittrell College Kittrell, NC 1886 1975 Kittrell College opened in 1886 in Kittrell, North Carolina. The
North Carolina Conference of African Methodist Episcopal Church
founded the historically Black institution, which was originally a
high school. Financial problems caused the school to shut down
twice, before closing for good in 1975.
[HBCU’S THAT HAVE CLOSED]
4. 4 | P a g e
Name State Reason
Elizabeth State
University
North Carolina Enrollment declines, cuts to government financial aid, leadership controversies
Cheyney University Pennsylvania Decline in enrollment and funding
Texas Southern
University
Texas Decline in enrollment and funding
Lincoln University Pennsylvania Enrollment decline
Florida A&M
University
Florida Enrollment drop (possibly due to being on probation from its creditor)
North Carolina
Central University
North Carolina Decline in funding (eliminated 55 positions last year due to funding issues)
[HBCU’S THAT ARE IN DANGER OF CLOSING]
5. 5 | P a g e
References
11 Historically Black Colleges & Universities That Have Closed. (2014, October 17).
Retrieved February 16, 2015, from http://urbanintellectuals.com/2014/10/17/11-
historically-black-colleges-universities-that-have-closed/
Public HBCUs, facing tests on many fronts, fight for survival @insidehighered. (2014,
June 14). Retrieved February 16, 2015, from
https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2014/06/24/public-hbcus-facing-tests-many-
fronts-fight-survival
The Discouraging Trend in Graduation Rates at HBCUs. (2013, November 26). Retrieved
February 16, 2015, from http://www.jbhe.com/2013/11/discouraging-trend-in-
graduation-rates-at-hbcus/