Indiscriminate ground Water withdrawal with an unplanned and unorganized urbanization has caused depletion of Ground Water table,Rain Water Harvesting has been necessary in certain part of the urban area for sustainability of water cycle, This Slide show tries ti reach the urban population as a part of awareness policy.

2. Type of Source Percentage (%)
Ocean Water and Inland Seas …….. 97.208
Icecaps and Glaciers …………………… 2.15
Atmospheric Moisture ………………… 0.006
Ground Water ……………………………… 0.625
Surface Water including
Rivers, Freshwater Lakes
and Wetlands ………………………….. 0.001

3. • 1.2 Billion people still have no access to safe
drinking water.
• 4 out of every 10 people currently live in river
basins experiencing water scarcity.
• By 2025 at least 3 –5 billion people, nearly 50 per
cent of the world will face water scarcity.
• Water losses in irrigated agriculture amount to 25
– 40 per cent of water used in agriculture

4. • Some 6000 children die every day from
diseases associated with lack of access to safe
drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor
hygiene.
• Over pumping of groundwater by the world’s
farmers exceeds natural recharge rates by at
least 160 billion cubic meters per year.
• Nearly 30 per cent of the world’s major
watersheds have lost more than three quarters
of their original forest cover.

5. Total amount of Surface Water
Resources 1880 Cubic Km
Total amount of usable Surface Water
Resources 690 Cubic Km.
Total amount of usable Ground Water
Resources 418 Cubic Km.
Total Usable Water Resources (2+3) 1108 Cubic Km.
Total Demand of Water in the year
2000 750 Cubic Km.
Total Projected Demand of Water
in the year 2025 1200 Cubic Km.

6. SOME QUICK FACTS ( INDIA) :-
*Population of 1.2 billion
*77 million lack access to safe water
*769 million lack access to improved
sanitation

7. *Total population of India is 15% of the world total,
but the total water resource is about 4% of the
world Total
*20 crores people still have no access to safe
drinking water.
* The first ever UN evaluation of Global Water
Resources in 122 countries ranked India a poor 120th
for water quality.
* The evaluation report ranked India 133 in a list of
180 countries for its availability.

9. 1. As early as third millennium BC, farming
communities in Baluchistan impounded rainwater
and used it for irrigation. Dams, built of stone
rubble, have been found in Baluchistan
2. In the 1st
century BC, the city of Sringaverapura
near Allahabad, established a sophisticated water
harvesting system, using the floodwaters of the
Ganga.
3. West Bengal’s system of overflow irrigation
in the 17th
century AD worked very well until
the advent of the of the British. It not only
enriched the soil but also controlled malaria

10. “Collect rainwater that falls on the
roof of a house, flat complex,
commercial building or a factory
roof and other areas, store it in a
cool, covered storage sump for
immediate consumption or allow
it to percolate to the
underground so that it recharges
the ground water table”

11. •To meet ever increasing demand of water in
urban areas.
•To reduce the runoff which is choking the
storm drains.
•To avoid the flooding of roads.
•To augment the ground water storage and
control decline of water level.
• To reduce the ground water pollution.
•To improve the quality of ground water.
•To reduce the soil erosion.

12. GROUND
WATER
OF
KMC

14. Kalyani
Banshberia
Uluberia
Howrah
Barasat
Barrackpore
Kolkata
Baruipur
Kalyani
Barrackpore
Barasat
K
olkata
Maheshtala
Baruipur

19. Piezometric Depression: KMC area
7m - 10m
Figure 12

20. HIGHEST RISK AREA
HIGH RISK AREA
MODERATE RISK AREA
Risk areas due to Depression of
Piezometric Level

22. INTERFERANCE
WITH
URBANISAION

23. Borough Map KMC

24. MAP SHOWING WARD
WISE POPULATION
DECADAL GROWTH
RATE OF
KOLKATA MUNICIPAL
CORPORATION 1991--2001

26. 41 out of 141 is more than 100%, 9 has more than 140%

27. Data Source KMC ( 2009)

28. 
Ward Wise Public Open
Space In KMC

29. Based on
NRSC Data
2006
AND THE OBVIOUS
EFFECT

31. MAJOR GROUND WATER PROBLEMS
AND ISSUES
• Declining trend of ground water level. Ground water level has
been lowered to a large extent over the years.
•Saline ground water in shallow aquifers within 120m bgl in
western part and in deeper aquifers below 120m bgl in the eastern
part.
•KMC has reported sporadic occurrence of Arsenic beyond
permissible limit (0.05mg/l) in ground water in a few places.
•Ground water tapped by open wells in the marshy/ swampy
lands is hydraulically connected to the surface water bodies and is
biogenecally polluted.

32. GROUND WATER CONTROL AND
REGULATION
Ground Water Regulation Act has been
enacted from September 2005 in the State by
Govt of West Bengal. KMC area has yet to
get the effect
POWERS TO NOTIFY AREAS TO REGULATE AND
CONTROLTHE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT
OF GROUND WATER
And
GRANT OF PERMIT TO EXTRACT AND USE
GROUND WATER
IN THE NOTIFIED AREA
Vide Rule 171 of the West Bengal Municipal
(Building) Rules, 2007, installation of RWH
system has been made mandatory.

33. DAMAGE HAS BEEN DONE
HOW DO YOU GET
THE WATER BACK WE
TOOK IT FROM MOTHER
EARTH ???

34. AREA FOR ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
IN KMC AREA

35. CAN WE HARVEST IT
BACK???
1ST
STEP IS
TO KNOW ABOUT IT

42. Month Rainfall (mm)
January 13.6
February 23.1
March 28.8
April 39.5
May 98.2
June 282.1
July 366.4
August 385.7
September 300.9
October 213.6
November 37.5
December 7.6
Total 1797.0
Note : 80 years average rainfall data.
Source : Department of Agriculture, Govt. of West Bengal

43. Area of the catchment (A) = 100 sq. mt.
Height of rainfall (R) = 1.797 mt.
(Height of rainfall means annual total rainfall)
Volume of rainfall (in litres)/100 sq. mt. Flat terrace :
(area of terrace × height of rainfall) = 100 × 1.797 = 179.7 cu. Mt.
= 179700 litres
(1 cu. Mt. Of water means 1000 litres of water)
Volume of effectively harvested rainwater (in litres) = 107820
litres.
(Assuming that 60% of the total rainfall is effectively harvested)

44. Purpose Litres per person per day
Drinking 3
Cooking 4
Bathing 20
Flushing 40
Washing Clothes 25
Washing Utensils 20
Gardening 23
Total 135

45. The User will decide in what way the water will be
utilized, either for drinking/cooking/utensils
washing etc. or any of the one item or more than
one items and accordingly he/she will design the
capacity of the storage tank considering the
number of total family members.
An Example cited : Say, the Number of family
member is 5
water requirement for drinking and cooking per day is 7
×5=35 litres
For 1 year the requirement of water is 35 ×365= 12775
litres
For safer side the user will design such a tank which can
store 15330 litres of water(Assuming that the capacity of
the tank should the 20% greater than the requirement).

46. It is advisable to install the tank at 6
ft. height from the ground level and
connecting this tank to the main water
pipe lines for the household, so that,
the power consumption for lifting the
water to the overhead tank will be
reduced. For safety purposes this water
if used for drinking and cooking may be
passed through filter which can remove
any bacterial and other contamination.
The model is given below:

64. 1. This is an ideal solution of water
problem where there is inadequate
ground water supply or surface
resources are either lacking or
insignificant.
2. To utilize the rainfall runoff, which is
going to sewage or storm drains.
3. Rainwater is bacteriologically pure, free
from organic matter and soft in nature.

65. *It will help in reducing the flood
hazard.
*To improve the quality of existing
ground water through dilution.
*To remove bacteriological and other
impurities from sewage and waste
water so that the water is suitable for
re-use.

66. 4. Rainwater may be harnessed at place of
need and may be utilized at time of need.
5. The structures required for harvesting the
rainwater are simple, economical and eco-
friendly.

67. 1. World Bank.
2. UNICEF
3. CGWB
4. IEWMD.
5. Dept. of S&T, GoWB,
6. KMDA
7. CREDAI Bengal
8. Vigyan Manch……. and
9. Many Others

68. My Contact
Tapas Kumar Ghatak
Cell No : 9830251685
Mail ID: tk.ghatak@gmail,com
THANK YOU