its all about the history of raiders

2. • It is a Documentary film
produced by Oak3 Films in
1996.
• Directed by Idzman Othman
• It was televised internationally
by Discovery Channel and
History Channel in 2008.

3. BACKGROUN
D OF THE
AUTHORS
AND

4. Icelle Gloria Durano Borja Estrada
•She is an art historian in Zamboanga, a
direct descendant of Vicente Alvarez, and
does an extensive research in the arts and
culture of Zamboanga.
•She is one of Zamboanga City’s premiere
artist. A true Filipina painter & sculptor.
•She is currently working as an executive
assistant in the office of the City Mayor,
and is overlooking the City Hall
restoration.

5. Dr. Samuel Kong Tan
•Sama-tausug-Chinese Filipino born,
an authority on the issue of Moro
history, armed struggle and quest
for self-determination.
•Historian National Historical
Institute.
•He divides Filipino cultural
communities into three main groups-
the MOROS, the Indios, Infieles.

6. Prof. Barbara Watson Andaya
•Historian National
University of Singapore.
•Prof. Asian Studies at
the University of Hawaii
with a specialization in
southeast Asian History.

7. Dr. Julius Bautista
•He is an anthropologist with an
interest in religious practice in Asia,
with a focus on Christian iconography,
religious piety, performance and the
relationship between religion and the
state.
•His Current Position was an Associate
Professor in the Research Dep’t.
•Historian Asia Research Institute
National University of Singapore.

8. Halman Abubakar
He is a Tausug descendant and town
councilor of Jolo, promotes
indigenous martial arts "Silat" -
historic and significant on Tausug
bladed weapons and shares the
sentiments of his people by resenting
the characterization of Western
Colony and Filipino historiography as
"pirates”.

9. Dr. Margarita “Tingting” R. Cojuangco
A Filipino politician, philanthropist,
and socialite, she served as the former
Chairman of the Kabalikat ng Malayang
Pilipino party, governor of Tarlac, and
Undersecretary of the Department of
Interior and Local Government. She is
known for her humanitarian projects
and peace talks with the Moro National
Liberation Front.

10. •Coastal inhabitants of the Philippines faced attacks
by Illanuns, raiders of the Sulu Sea, viewed as
barbaric pirates by western colonists.
•Illanuns were skilled fighters, expert sailors, and
builders of formidable war vessels, posing a
significant threat to colonial forces.
•Spanish soldiers occupied Southern Mindanao,
establishing Zamboanga City with Fort Pilar as a
defense fortress.

11. •King Dalasi led an attack on Fort Pilar, aiming to
suppress Spanish presence and resist foreign
oppression.
•Slave raiding, triggered by Spanish arrival,
involved various Muslim groups like the
Balangingi-Samal, Illanuns, and Taosugs.
•Terming them "pirates" is debated, as they
acted on behalf of state-sanctioned retaliation
against foreign occupiers, driven by Islam.

12. •Spanish aimed to prevent Islam's spread
northward, propagating Christianity and
exerting commercial interests.
•Clash of religious doctrines masked
Spanish desire for trade control and
colonization, exploiting regional power
dynamics.

13. 1. The Moro People are not really pirates or rebels but
indigenous people who demonstrated resistance from the
Spanish forces.
2. The most celebrated attack was the December 8th, 1970
attack by King Dalasi.
3. The Moro act was an act of retaliation against the foreign
occupier and was sanctioned by the sultanates in the name
of a higher course: Islam.
4. Spaniards were concerned about the commercial
interests of the region and to propagate Christianity.

14. 5.Slave-raiding was part of the bigger regional trade in
the Islands of Southeast Asia.
6.Artifacts originating from China that was found in
Butuan City are proof of the great distances travelled by
the Sea farers of Sulu and the trading activities they
were involved in
7.The Western Colonial Ruling sand open-armed
conflicts in the Southern region of the Philippines
cause the impoverishment of Muslim Areas economically
and religiously.

18. •also known Northern Sama or Northern Sinama
•is an ethnolinguistic group living on the
Greater Sulu Archipelago and the southern and
western coastal regions of the Zamboanga
peninsula in Mindanao.
•They are mostly found in Lutangan and
Olutangga islands in Zamboanga del Sur, Basilan
Island of the Sulu Archipelago, coastal areas of
Zamboanga coast peninsula, and as far north as
Luzon; particularly in White Beach near Subic
Bay, Zambales.
•are considered to be part of the larger group of
Sama-Badjao and speak the Balangingi dialect.
•specialized in state-sanctioned maritime raiding,
attacking Southeast Asian coastal settlements and
trading verssels.

19. •called Iranun and Ilianon as well, are closely related
culturally and linguistically to the Maranao and
Maguindanaon.
•The Illanun language is part of the Austronesian family that is
most closely related to Maranao. When the Spaniards left,
however, contact between the Maranao and Illanun
decreased.
•The majority of Illanun live along the coastline in the of the
towns of Nulingi, Parang, Matanog, and Barira in Maguindanao
Province, Mindanao; along the Iliana Bay coast, north of the
mouth of the Pulangi River; and all the way to Sibugay Bay in
Zamboanga del Sur and even the western coastal plain of
Borneo.
•Illanun- a Malay term meaning “pirate,” is appropriate for
the people of this ethnic group, who were once regarded as
the fiercest pirates in the Malay area.

20. •The dominant ethnic group in the Sulu archipelago
because of their political and religious institutions, the
Tausug occupy Jolo, Indanan, Siasi, and Patikul in Sulu
(ARMM).
•There are also scattered settlements in Zamboanga del Sur
and Cotabato, and all the way to Malaysia, which has an
estimated Tausug population of more than 110,000.
Tausug is a combination of tau (person) and suug (the old name
of Jolo Island).
•Traditionally they are sailors, pearl divers and traders, their
ancestral homelands in the Sulu Archipelago have vigorous
tidal currents that flow from the Sulu and China Seas to the
Celebes Sea.
•The first group in the archipelago to be converted to Islam,
possess a courage that is beyond doubt, their bravery is
supposed to be unquestionable, therefore the Tausug are
often named Tau Maisug or brave people.
•One old Tausug proverb says: Hanggang may buhay, may pag
asa, meaning; Never admit defeat as long as you live.

22. The three tribes are not really pirates during the times they were
plying their trade of capturing people and selling them as slaves.
Slave trading was a business then and they were not raiding ships
in high seas. What they did was go and land in different shores
posing as fishermen. Without any warning, draw their 1-meter
long swords and take as many slaves as they can. Once captured,
the slaves' palms are punctured and tied to each other. The
slaves are loaded in their 25 to 27 meter by 6 meter boats that
has 30 to 34 oarsmen and sails. It was said that their boats were
the fastest that Spanish Galleons could not even give chase.

24. •Large outrigger warships used by the
Iranun and the Balanguingui people.
Specialized for naval battles.
•Were prominently used for piracy and
slave raids from the mid-18th century
to the early 19th century in most
Southeast Asia.

25. • Traditional native warships of the
Banguingui people in the
Philippines.
• Used for piracy by the Banguingui
and Iranun people against unarmed
trading ships and raids on costal
settlements in the regions
surrounding the Sulu Sea.
• The name means “scattered” or
“wandered” in the Sama language of
the Banguingui.
•Were smaller, faster, and more
maneuverable than the Iranun
Lanong warships.

26. •Auxiliary vessels
•Usually part of fleets with larger
mother ships like Pangajava, Garay, or
Lanong warships. Among Malays, this
type of boat is used as a boat of war
or passenger boat.
•Often used by the Iranun and
Banguingui people of the Philippines
for piracy and for raids on coastal
areas.

28. •A weapon of warfare and
ceremony.
•This are not only carried by slave
raiders into battles but also by
nobles and high ranking officials of
the Southern Sultanate.
•Double edged with either smooth
or wavy blades.
•The curving is for easily slashing-
it would penetrate the bone and
would stick making it hard to pull.

29. •Approximately one-meter
long sword with single-edged
leaf-shape blade made of
thick tempered steel.
•Was used in close hand-to-
hand battle to cut down
Spanish firearms.

30. • Longest of the swords used
primarily by the Ilanun.
• Heavily single edged sword
often adorned with hair to
make it look even intimidating.
• At the tip of the blade, a
projecting blunt side was used
to pick up the head of a
decapitated body.

31. • Made from carabao horn.
• Its steel plate was molded to
fit the body and held together
by chain mail.
• It could also deflect the blows
from a sword but useless
against firearms.

33. •The presence of the Spanish in the Visayas
and Southern Luzon disrupted the spread of
Islam
•Opportunity to propagate Christianity in the
Philippines they landed in Luzon on the north
from here Christianity spread displacing Islam
and indigenous tribal beliefs.

34. •When Europeans first came to this region, aside
from spices, woods, tin, and pepper that couldn't
be found anywhere else are the products that
attracted them.
•They wanted to be part and control the process
in the exchange in trade.
•For the Muslim Sultanates eradicating the
Christian-Spanish presence in Zamboanga was
one of their top priorities

35. •The Spanish established their colony on the
Southern tip of Mindanao in Zamboanga. Fort Pilar
was constructed with ten (10) meter-high wall
fortification all around.
•Spain's last stronghold and bastion of defense and
economic expansion in the South of the Philippines.
•Structure designed to withstand even the
destructive force of canon balls.
•Defended by rows of Spanish artillery.

38. Zamboanga City sits at the tip
of the Southwest peninsula
of the Philippines that is
protected by the city’s Fort
Pilar –a ten-meter-high wall
that acted as a defense
fortress. The Fort served as
the base of operations to
check on slave-raiding going
on the north and back.

40. The musket could fire 90
meters. It was inaacurate
and took several stages
steps to load.

41. •A type of gun classified as
artillery that launches
a projectile propellant.
•Cannons vary in caliber,
range, mobility, rate of fire,
angle of fire, and firepower.

42. •Were large,
multi-decked
sailing ships.
•Slower than
the warships
of Sulu
Raiders.

43. •Faster, easier
to navigate
and had
various
armaments to
take on the
tribe.

44. It was also seen as a struggebetween freedom and
preservation of identity vs. oppression and subjugation. In
1848, Spain with the acquisition of powerful steamships
from Britain succeeded in gradually ending slave-raiding
before 1898. They destroyed Balanguingui settlements in
Tongkil island (now Balanguingui municipality). Panglima
Taupan eventually surrenderd after his wife and kins were
taken captives by Spanish forces: they were relocated to
Zamboanga.

45. •American rule adopted the same policy towards the
Muslim communities. Armed resistance to US force in
Sulu and Mindanao were considered banditry and
lawlessness and were met with deadlier ferocity
through the "pacification" campaigns of US Generals
Leonard Wood and John Pershing who both served of
Governors of the American- established Moro
Province.

46. • The Tausugs who dared like Jikiri and other
local datus (chieftains) to challenge US rule
were relentlessly pursued and killed by the
composite forces of US Army, Phil.
Constabulary (PC) and Phil. Scouts.

47. Despite Spanish efforts to eradicate the pirate
threat, piracy persisted until the early 1900s.
Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States
as a result of the Spanish - American War in 1898,
after which American troops embarked on a
pacification campaign from 1903 to 1913 that
extended American rule to the southern
Philippines and effectively suppressed piracy.