This document summarizes information about the indigenous peoples of the Philippines. It discusses the various ethnic groups that are considered indigenous, including descriptions of their cultures, traditions, and geographical locations. Some of the indigenous groups mentioned are the Igorot, Mangyan, Aeta, Ifugao, Kalinga, Ibaloi, Tagbanwa, and Lumad. The document also provides background on laws and government agencies established to protect the rights and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Philippines, such as the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.

1. Indigenous Peoples of the
Philippines
Josefino T. Larena AB,CPS,CPE,MPA

2. • The Philippines consist of
a large number of
indigenous ethnic groups
living in the country.
They are the
descendants of the
original inhabitants of
the Philippines. They
were not absorbed by
centuries of Spanish and
United States
colonization of the
Philippines archipelago,
and in the process have
retained their customs
and traditions

3. Father of Cultural Anthropology
• Henry Otley Beyer was an
American anthropologist,
who spent most of his adult
life in the Philippines
teaching Philippine
indigenous culture. He is
known as the Father of
Philippine Anthropology.
Henry Otley Beyer

4. Ethnic groups Cultural Communities

5. Demographics
• In the 1990s, there were
more than 100 highland
tribal groups constituting
approximately 3% of the
population. The upland
tribal groups were a blend
in ethnic origin like other
lowland Filipinos, although
they did not have contact
with the outside world.

6. Culture and Arts
• Culture and Arts
• They displayed a variety of
social organization, cultural
expression and artistic skills.
They showed a high degree of
creativity, usually employed to
embellish utilitarian objects,
such as bowls, baskets,
clothing, weapons and spoons.
The tribal groups of the
Philippines are known for their
carved wooden figures,
baskets, weaving, pottery and
weapons.

7. Who are indigenous peoples?
• According to the United Nations, there are
approximately 400 million Indigenous people
worldwide, making up more than 5,000
distinct tribes. Together we are one of the
largest minority groups in the world, spanning
over 90 countries. While Indigenous Peoples
total only about 6% of the world’s population,
we represent 90% of the cultural diversity.

8. RA 8371: The Indigenous Peoples
Rights Act (IPRA)
• Some ten million people or 15% of the Philippine population belong to
distinct indigenous communities or cultures and retain a close link with
their traditions. To honor their identities, the Indigenous Peoples'
Rights Act (IPRA) was passed on October 29, 1997. This law recognized
the ancestral land rights of the indigenous people. This law also creates
the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) an office under
the Office of the President and shall be the primary government agency
responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies, plans
and programs to recognize, protect and promote the rights of
Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples.
• The Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) is modeled on the provisions
of the UN Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

9. • The National Commission
on Indigenous Peoples
(NCIP) is a governmental
agency of the Philippines
that is responsible for
addressing issues regarding
and concerns of the
country's indigenous
peoples. The NCIP is
composed of seven
Commissioners, one of
whom is the Chairperson.
• The Republic Act 8371 or
Indigenous Peoples' Rights
Act of 1997 was enacted
into law on October 29,
1997, creating the National
Commission on Indigenous
Peoples (NCIP) merging the
ONCC and OSCC as its
organic offices

10. • The Austronesian-speaking
peoples are various
populations in Southeast Asia
and Oceania that speak
languages of the
Austronesian family. They
include Taiwanese
aborigines; the majority
ethnic groups of Malaysia,
East Timor, the Philippines,
Indonesia, Brunei,
Madagascar, Micronesia, and
Polynesia, as well as the
Polynesian peoples of New
Zealand and Hawaii, and the
non-Papuan people of
Melanesia

11. Luzon

12. Mountain Province
Igorot
• Igorot, or Cordillerans, is the
collective name of several
Austronesian ethnic groups in
The Philippines, who inhabit
the mountains of Luzon. These
highland peoples inhabit the
six provinces of the Cordillera
Administrative Region: Abra,
Apayao, Benguet, Kalinga,
Ifugao, Nueva Vizcaya and
Mountain Province, as well as
Baguio City.

13. Mountain Province
Botoc Tribe
• Bontoc is home to the Bontoc
Tribe, a feared war-like group
of indigenous people who
actively indulged in tribal wars
with its neighbours up until
the 1930s. Every Bontoc male
had to undergo a rites of
passage into manhood, which
may include head hunting,
where the male has to journey
(Sometimes with companions)
and hunt for a human head

14. Mountain Province
Ifugao
• The Ifugao call themselves
as i-pugao or "inhabitants of
the known earth"; other
variations of the name are
Ifugaw, Ipugao, and Yfugao.
They live primarily in the
province of Ifugao in Central
Cordillera, in Northern
Luzon

15. Mountain Province
Kalinga:Head hunting
• Esteemed as “the strong
people of the Cordilleras”,
Kalingans, simultaneously,
profoundly cherish family and
kinship. A Kalinga household
consists of a nuclear family
and sometimes, an aged
grandparent; generally
speaking, they show great
respect towards elders and,
are clannish. Thus, the
household, extended
household of the kinship
circle, and territorial region
are significant units of Kalinga
society.

16. Mountain Province
Balangao ethnic group
• The Balangao, also known
as Boliwons were the early
settlers of the Eastern
Mountain Province in
central Cordillera.
Concentrations of this
ethnolinguistic group are
found in the towns of Barlig,
Natonin, and Paracelis.

17. Mountain Province
Ibaloi
• The Ibaloi or Nabaloi is an
indigenous ethnic group
found in the northern
Philippines. The Ibaloi are
one of the indigenous
peoples collectively known
as Igorot, who live in the
mountains of the Cordillera
Central on the island of
Luzon.

18. Mountain Province
Sagada
• led by the elders and
followed by the younger
men of Sagada.

19. Mountain Province
Pugot, N. Apayao

20. Mountain Province
Apayao Isnag

21. GA’DANG
• The Gaddang are an
indigenous people from the
area of Solano,
in the province of Nueva
Vizcaya, in the region of
Cagayan Valley
also known as region II, in
the Philippine Islands.
The Gaddang tribe was first
discovered by the Spaniards
in the early 1600’s.

22. SEA & ASIAN Games
• Jason Balabal made as
scene in the opening
ceremony wearing nothing
but a piece of loincloth of
his native Ifugao

23. Mountain Province
Bahag-ketball Police in Baguio wearing a Bahag

24. Sierra Madre
Ilongots
• the Ilongots in the southern
Sierra Madre and Caraballo
Mountains on the east side
of Luzon particularly Nueva
Ecija and Nueva Vizcaya.

25. Sierra Madre
The Remontados, identified as a
Negrito ethnolinguistic group

26. Aeta of Zambales

27. Ata of Pampanga

28. Ivatan of Batanes

29. Tagbanwa Palawan

30. Batak people (Philippines)
Northern Palawan
• The Batak are one of about 70
indigenous peoples of the
Philippines. They are located in
the northeastern portions of
Palawan, a relatively large
island in the southwest of the
archipelago. There are only
about 500 Batak remaining.
Also called Tinitianes, the
Batak are considered by
anthropologists to be closely
related to the Ayta of Central
Luzon, another Negrito tribe

31. Mangyan Tribe culture
Mangyan cultural practices are in
danger of vanishing because of the
influence of modern lowland culture.
The literature and traditions of the
different Mangyan groups are short of
documentation; thus, mainstream
society lacks awareness of the beauty
of Mangyan culture and its relevance
to Filipino culture as a whole.

32. Visayan I.P.

33. Magahat Bukidnon of Negros

34. ATA Community Boracay
• Boracay Island – The National
Commission on Indigenous Peoples
(NCIP), the primary government
agency responsible for the formulation
and implementation of policies, plans
and programs to promote and protect
the rights and well-being of Indigenous
Cultural Communities/Indigenous
Peoples (ICCs/IPs) and the recognition
of their ancestral domains as well as
their rights. In line with NCIPs
mandate, officials and staff led by
Chairperson Leonor O. Quintayo,
recently conducted an affirmation of
Ancestral Domain Sustainable
Development Protection Plan
(ADSDPP) and full delineation and
demarcation of Certificate of Ancestral
Domain Title (CADT) on the ground in
favor of the Ati in Boracay Island
covering approximately 2.1 hectares in
Manoc-Manoc, Boracay, Malay, Aklan.

35. SULODNON Tribe of Panay
• The Tumandok or Suludnon
(also known as Panay-
Bukidnon or Panayanon
Sulud) is an indigenous
Visayan group of people
who reside in the Capiz-
Lambunao mountainous
area of Panay in the Visayan
islands of the Philippines.
They are the only culturally
indigenous group of Visayan
language-speakers in the
Western Visayas
the"tig-babai“ wedding dance

36. Eskaya people Bohol
• The Eskaya, less commonly
known as the Visayan-Eskaya, is
the collective name for the
members of a cultural minority
found in Bohol, Philippines,
which is distinguished by its
cultural heritage, particularly its
literature, language, dress and
religious observances

37. Negritos of Negros Oriental
• More than 100 tribal chieftains
and leaders from the two
major and recognized
indigenous groups in Negros
Oriental, namely the Ata
Negritos Tribe. The total
population of recognized IPs in
Negros Oriental has yet to be
determined by an ongoing
census but with the Ata
Negritos alone, there is a
rough estimated population of
about 260,000 in the province

38. Karay-a people Antique
• The Karay-a, are part of the
wider Visayan
ethnolinguistic group, which
constitute the largest
Filipino ethnolinguistic
group.

39. Suludnon People of Panay
• The Tumandok or Suludnon
(also known as Panay-
Bukidnon or Panayanon Sulud)
is an indigenous Visayan group
of people who reside in the
Capiz-Lambunao mountainous
area of Panay in the Visayan
islands of the Philippines.
They are the only culturally
indigenous group of Visayan
language-speakers in the
Western Visayas

40. Pre –Spanish in the Visayan

41. Mindanao

42. Yakan People Basilan
Basilan is home to the Yakan Tribes, also known
as one of the finest weavers in Philippines.

43. B’LAAN
The B’laan are one of the indigenous peoples
of Southern Mindanao in The Philippines.
They are famous for their brassworks,
beadwork and t’nalak weave.

44. BAGOBO
• The Bagobo are proud
people with proto Malayan
features.
They have ornate traditions
in weaponry and other
metal arts.
They are noted for their skill
in producing brass articles
through the ancient lost-
wax process.

45. MANDAYA
• The Mandayas are a group of
non-Christian tribe,
non-Islamic people living in
Eastern Mindanao, Philippines
They hand down from
generation to generation the
art of weaving cloth
from the fibers of abaca plant,
colored with root and mud
dyes with intricate
figures and patterns depicting
the folklore and religion of the
tribe

46. PULANGIYEN
• Living in the Pulangi
River headwaters in
the southern part of
Bukidnon,
the Pulangiyen is
one of the many
indigenous natives
of the province.

47. MATIGSALUG
• The Matigsalug are the
Bukidnon groups who are
found in the
Tigwa-Salug Valley in San
Fernando, Bukidnon.
“Matigsalug ” is a term,
which means “people along
the River Salug”

48. Samal
• The Samal are the poorest and
least independent of the
major Muslim groups.
They serve as the “loyal
commoners” in the hierarchy
of Muslim minorities.
Their lives are literally over the
sea, where the villages stand
on stilts above the coastal
waters

49. Badjao
• Widely known as the “Sea
Gypsies” of the Sulu and Celebes
Seas, the Badjao are scattered
along the coastal areas of Tawi
Tawi, Sulu, Basilan, and some
coastal municipalities of
Zamboanga del Sur in the ARMM.
Amongst themselves, they're
known as Sama Laus (Sea Sama)
and are found living on
houseboats where they make their
livelihood solely on the sea as
expert fishermen, deep sea divers,
and navigators

50. Tausug
• The Tausūg or Suluk people are
an ethnic group of the
Philippines, Malaysia and
Indonesia. The Tausūg are part
of the wider political identity of
Muslims of Mindanao, Sulu and
Palawan known as the Moro
ethnic group, who constitute
the third largest ethnic group of
Mindanao

51. Sarangani

52. Lumad People
• The Lumad is a group of
indigenous people of the
southern Philippines. It is a
Cebuano term meaning
"native" or "indigenous".
The term is short for
Katawhang Lumad (literally
"indigenous peoples"), the
autonym officially adopted
by the delegates of the
Lumad Mindanao Peoples
Federation (LMPF)
founding assembly on 26
June 1986

53. Maranao
• The life of the
Maranaos is
centered on Lake
Lanao, the largest in
Mindanao, and the
second largest and
deepest lake in the
Philippines

54. Maranao Royal Family

55. T’BOLI
• The T’boli Tribe is an
indigenous tribe living in the
highlands of Lake Sebu in
South Cotabato in the
Southern part of the
Philippines.
• The t’boli people believe in
many Gods, their high regards
with the spirits of nature is
very much evident in their way
of living.

56. Higaunon
• The Higaunon is
one of the
mountain tribes
in the
Philippines.
Most Higaunon
still have a rather
traditional way
of living. Farming
is the most
important
economic
activity.

57. • The Bilaan were in Mindanao
way before Islam came to the
islands in the 14th Century.
How about their right to self
detrmination? They were there
way before a single mosque
was built in Mindanao. Why not
their own "entity".
• Or should they rise up in arms
first?
• *Bilaan Broup from the Otley
Beyer Collection.

58. How to preserve our culture heritage

59. Photo Credited to
• Penn Larena & Jojo Larena
• St. Paul University Dumaguete
• Janica Tan & Nica Belnas
• Cultural Anthropology class of Josefino Larena Jr.
CPS,MPA
• National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
• National Commission for Culture and the Arts
• Michael Ocampo
• YAHOO.COM & Google.com
• Pinili Clan Association

60. Thank you so much God bless u