This is a ppt on Ragging. I have covered on basic definition, psychological aspects & legal aspects related to ragging in India. summing with some suggestions.
Ragging is defined by the Supreme Court of India as any disorderly conduct that causes annoyance, hardship, psychological harm, or fear in junior students. It is a form of human rights abuse practiced by senior students to assert dominance over juniors. Ragging originated from British public schools and was imported to India, though it has mostly disappeared in Britain. Countries affected by ragging include India, Sri Lanka, and the US. There are two types - mild ragging intended to break ice between students, and severe ragging that causes mental trauma or death. While myths claim it builds character, facts show it promotes abuse, divides students, and has harmful psychological effects.
The document discusses ragging in Indian universities and colleges. It describes the Coalition to Uproot Ragging from Education (CURE), a nonprofit organization established in 2001 to eliminate ragging and promote positive senior-freshman interaction. CURE works to establish public opinion against ragging, dispel myths about it through research and advocacy, and provide a platform for individuals to share anti-ragging opinions.
Ragging is a massive problem in India that affects many students and undermines educational standards. It is a complex issue with societal acceptance and denial of the problem, challenges with law enforcement due to reputation concerns, and psychological factors like victims becoming perpetrators. A multi-pronged approach is needed to address sensitization, encourage alternate interactions between students, and strengthen law enforcement through various stakeholders like educational institutions, government agencies, media, and communities.
this ppt includes definition of ragging , past cases of it , psychology of ragger's and victims , suggestion to curb it , actually this ppt is a compilation of few already available ppt on ragging on slideshare.
This document provides information about ragging and anti-ragging laws and regulations. It defines ragging as any act that causes psychological or physical harm to students. It describes different forms of ragging including verbal, psychological, physical, financial, and sexual abuse. The document outlines the legal provisions against ragging from Supreme Court rulings, anti-ragging committees, and sections of the Indian Penal Code. It discusses the negative effects of ragging on victims, their families, and educational institutions. The overall message is that ragging is a violation of human rights and against the law, with punishments including fines, suspensions, and imprisonment.
This document discusses ragging, which refers to teasing or harassing students, especially newcomers or junior students. It notes that ragging originated from British public schools and is now a problem particularly in India, USA, and Sri Lanka. Ragging can be mild like breaking the ice between seniors and juniors, or severe, causing mental stress or even death. While some myths claim ragging builds character, facts show it is an archaic practice and the government has banned it, though incidents still occur due to discrimination and viewing it as a ritual. The document concludes by advocating joining together to end this evil practice.
Ragging in India is legally defined as any disorderly conduct that causes annoyance, hardship, or psychological harm to students. The Supreme Court has laid out guidelines against ragging, including undertakings signed by students and parents, and procedures for addressing ragging incidents. A committee recommended ragging be treated as a human rights abuse and all stakeholders be made aware. Punishments for those engaging in ragging include suspension, withholding of benefits and results, debarring from college activities, and expulsion. The solution lies with students themselves ending this inhuman practice.
Ragging is defined by the Supreme Court of India as any disorderly conduct that causes annoyance, hardship, psychological harm, or fear in junior students. It is a form of human rights abuse practiced by senior students to assert dominance over juniors. Ragging originated from British public schools and was imported to India, though it has mostly disappeared in Britain. Countries affected by ragging include India, Sri Lanka, and the US. There are two types - mild ragging intended to break ice between students, and severe ragging that causes mental trauma or death. While myths claim it builds character, facts show it promotes abuse, divides students, and has harmful psychological effects.
The document discusses ragging in Indian universities and colleges. It describes the Coalition to Uproot Ragging from Education (CURE), a nonprofit organization established in 2001 to eliminate ragging and promote positive senior-freshman interaction. CURE works to establish public opinion against ragging, dispel myths about it through research and advocacy, and provide a platform for individuals to share anti-ragging opinions.
Ragging is a massive problem in India that affects many students and undermines educational standards. It is a complex issue with societal acceptance and denial of the problem, challenges with law enforcement due to reputation concerns, and psychological factors like victims becoming perpetrators. A multi-pronged approach is needed to address sensitization, encourage alternate interactions between students, and strengthen law enforcement through various stakeholders like educational institutions, government agencies, media, and communities.
this ppt includes definition of ragging , past cases of it , psychology of ragger's and victims , suggestion to curb it , actually this ppt is a compilation of few already available ppt on ragging on slideshare.
This document provides information about ragging and anti-ragging laws and regulations. It defines ragging as any act that causes psychological or physical harm to students. It describes different forms of ragging including verbal, psychological, physical, financial, and sexual abuse. The document outlines the legal provisions against ragging from Supreme Court rulings, anti-ragging committees, and sections of the Indian Penal Code. It discusses the negative effects of ragging on victims, their families, and educational institutions. The overall message is that ragging is a violation of human rights and against the law, with punishments including fines, suspensions, and imprisonment.
This document discusses ragging, which refers to teasing or harassing students, especially newcomers or junior students. It notes that ragging originated from British public schools and is now a problem particularly in India, USA, and Sri Lanka. Ragging can be mild like breaking the ice between seniors and juniors, or severe, causing mental stress or even death. While some myths claim ragging builds character, facts show it is an archaic practice and the government has banned it, though incidents still occur due to discrimination and viewing it as a ritual. The document concludes by advocating joining together to end this evil practice.
Ragging in India is legally defined as any disorderly conduct that causes annoyance, hardship, or psychological harm to students. The Supreme Court has laid out guidelines against ragging, including undertakings signed by students and parents, and procedures for addressing ragging incidents. A committee recommended ragging be treated as a human rights abuse and all stakeholders be made aware. Punishments for those engaging in ragging include suspension, withholding of benefits and results, debarring from college activities, and expulsion. The solution lies with students themselves ending this inhuman practice.
The document discusses ragging, which is the traditional abuse and harassment of freshman students by senior students. It can include physical or mental harassment. Ragging was introduced to India by the British and has been practiced since ancient Greece. While mild ragging is argued to help bonding, severe ragging can cause mental trauma, fear, and in some cases death. Several students have died or committed suicide due to severe ragging. The document calls for efforts like awareness programs, cultural interaction events, and strict anti-ragging laws and enforcement to address the problem of ragging in colleges.
Ragging is any disorderly conduct ,whether by words spoken or by an act which has the effect of teasing or handling with rudeness any student ,including in rowdy or indiscipline activities which cause or likely to cause annoyance, hardship or psychological harm or to raise fear or apprehension in a fresher or junior student.
Ragging is defined as any act that causes humiliation to students. It has different names like hazing and bullying. The document discusses the origin, types, causes and effects of ragging. Severe ragging can lead to mental trauma, injuries or even death. The University Grants Commission and Indian Penal Code prescribe punishments for ragging like suspension, expulsion or fines. Helpline numbers are provided to report ragging incidents. The author concludes by advocating for creating friendly environments instead of ragging and notes that ragging is a crime.
Ragging is a serious issue in Indian colleges that has resulted in deaths, psychological trauma, and declining foreign student enrollment. The document summarizes several case studies of students who died as a result of ragging, including being beaten, burned, or forced to consume toxic substances. It also discusses the types of ragging, reasons why students rag, and impact on individuals, institutions, and India's foreign policy. Precautions are outlined for students, families, and institutions to prevent ragging and address it appropriately if it occurs.
Ragging is a practice where senior students abuse and humiliate junior students. It originated in British public schools and continues in some parts of India and other Asian countries. Ragging can be mild like singing or severe like physical abuse. While some believe mild ragging builds character, it often crosses limits into human rights violations and has led to trauma, injuries, and deaths. Both government and educational institutions have implemented anti-ragging policies and guidelines, but it remains a problem that requires cooperation of all stakeholders to fully address.
This document discusses ragging, which is the systematic abuse of freshmen students by senior students to assert dominance. It defines ragging according to the Supreme Court of India. It traces the origins of ragging to British public schools and discusses how it continues in India and other Asian countries. The document explores myths and facts about ragging, the psychology behind it, anti-ragging laws and punishments in India, and concludes by calling for efforts to end this problem.
The document summarizes the key provisions of Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, which deals with cruelty by a husband or relative of the husband towards a married woman. It discusses the mandate behind introducing Section 498A to strengthen anti-dowry laws and stop offenses of cruelty against married women. It also summarizes some important court judgments related to Section 498A and the Law Commission's recommendations to reform the law and make arrests and investigations more rigorous.
Child Marriages continue to be solemnized in a large number of countries. This practice is a serious threat to child protection with adverse impact on their education, health and empowerment. The presentation discusses different issues connected with the problem.
It is about the law to protect the children who are sexually abused, to protect them, guide them through the course and instill fear in the offenders. - POCSO ACT.
This presentation discusses sexual abuse against women. It defines sexual abuse and harassment and outlines various types including rape, sexual assault within marriage, prostitution/trafficking, pornography, and workplace harassment. Common myths about sexual abuse are debunked. The legal rights of women in India are discussed, including the Vishaka Guidelines and Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act. The role of the National Commission for Women and challenges in creating further awareness are presented.
The document summarizes the key aspects of India's Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. It defines a child as under 18, outlines specific sexual offenses like penetrative assault and sexual harassment, and mandates reporting of such crimes. It establishes special courts for child-friendly trials and aims to protect victims' rights and privacy. The Act also provides stringent punishments ranging from 3-life imprisonment depending on the offense.
This document discusses minorities in India and the problems they face. It defines minority as a group that is less than half the total population based on religion or language, including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Zoroastrians. The key problems minorities face are issues of identity, security, equity, feeling deprived, and psychological insecurity. The government has implemented some measures to address these problems, but challenges remain around discriminatory laws, access to justice, and representation of minorities in areas like employment and education.
Juvenile delinquency refers to misconduct by juveniles that could be subject to legal punishment. It is normally defined as criminal behavior by individuals under the age of 18. The document discusses several potential causes of juvenile delinquency, including defective family patterns, bad company, adolescent instability, and extreme social control. It also lists some common characteristics like running away from home, truancy, and wandering streets. Finally, the document proposes some remedies for juvenile delinquency such as social awareness programs, rehabilitation services, juvenile courts, and better family management.
The document discusses the status of women in India from ancient times to the present. It begins by noting that women had equal status with men in ancient India and held prominent positions, but their status deteriorated during the medieval period with the rise of practices like sati and child marriage. While women excelled in some fields, gender inequality increased under British colonial rule and the introduction of practices like purdah. Reformers in the 19th century worked to improve conditions for women. The document then outlines continuing issues related to health, education, employment, and violence facing women in India today despite constitutional guarantees of equality and women's advancement in some areas.
The document discusses minority rights in India. It defines minorities as groups differentiated by religion, nationality, language or culture that see themselves and are seen by others as distinct within society. The constitution guarantees minorities several rights, including cultural and educational rights. Specifically, it protects minorities' right to conserve their own language, script and culture (Article 29) and establishes and administers their own educational institutions (Article 30). However, minority institutions must still adhere to reasonable regulations regarding curriculum, admissions and management. The document outlines various court cases that have interpreted and applied these constitutional rights.
The Criminal Law Amendment Act of 2013 made several changes to strengthen laws around sexual offenses against women in India. Key changes included introducing new sections penalizing acid attacks and stalking, enhancing punishment for rape, voyeurism, and sexual harassment, removing the exception for marital rape, and strengthening laws around trafficking. The amendments aimed to better protect women from sex-related offenses and criminalize other abusive behaviors like acid attacks and stalking. However, merely strengthening laws may not be enough - concerted efforts are still needed from law enforcement, politicians, organizations, media and society to properly educate the public and ensure protection of women's rights.
Acid attacks are a common form of violence in India, where attackers throw acid onto victims with the intent to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill them. Each year, an estimated 500-1000 acid attacks occur in India, overwhelmingly targeting women and children. While acid attacks rarely kill, they leave severe physical, psychological, and social scars. The presentation discusses the historical background and reasons for acid attacks such as love turning to hatred or jealousy. It also outlines laws against acid attacks in India and methods for prevention, treatment, and support for victims.
The document discusses the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDV Act) of 2005 in India. It was introduced to address domestic violence against women and provide civil remedies, as prior law did not adequately cover this issue. The PWDV Act guarantees constitutional rights and defines domestic violence as physical, sexual, verbal, emotional or economic abuse of a woman by someone in a domestic relationship with her. It outlines where cases can be filed and relief sought, including protection orders, residence orders, and monetary compensation. Proper interpretation and understanding of the law by police, judiciary and society is still lacking however.
Communal violence involves people belonging to two different religious or ethnic communities mobilized against each other and carrying the feelings of hostility, emotional fury, exploitation, social discrimination and social neglect. The high degree of cohesion in one community against another is built around tension and polarization. The targets of attack are the members of the ‘enemy’ community. Generally, there is no leadership in communal riots which could effectively control and contain the riot situation. It could thus be said that communal violence is based mainly on hatred, enmity and revenge.
This document discusses the issue of ragging in India. It begins by outlining the extent of the problem, noting that ragging affects colleges and universities and can vary from mild interactions to severe physical and mental abuse. It then provides examples of ragging incidents that have occurred in India. The document also examines the complexities of ragging, how it is a cycle where victims may become perpetrators. It explores potential solutions like sensitization programs and strict enforcement, but notes more research is needed to fully address this massive problem in Indian education.
The document discusses ragging, which is defined as any act that causes physical or psychological harm, apprehension, shame, or embarrassment to a student. It identifies different types of ragging such as dress code ragging, formal introduction, sexual abuse, playing the fool, and hostel ragging. The consequences of ragging include severe stress, psychological trauma, physical injury, group violence, and in some cases death. Actions that can be taken against ragging include filing a police report, punishments decided by an anti-ragging committee such as cancellation of admission, suspension from classes, fines, and rustication from an institute.
The document discusses ragging, which is the traditional abuse and harassment of freshman students by senior students. It can include physical or mental harassment. Ragging was introduced to India by the British and has been practiced since ancient Greece. While mild ragging is argued to help bonding, severe ragging can cause mental trauma, fear, and in some cases death. Several students have died or committed suicide due to severe ragging. The document calls for efforts like awareness programs, cultural interaction events, and strict anti-ragging laws and enforcement to address the problem of ragging in colleges.
Ragging is any disorderly conduct ,whether by words spoken or by an act which has the effect of teasing or handling with rudeness any student ,including in rowdy or indiscipline activities which cause or likely to cause annoyance, hardship or psychological harm or to raise fear or apprehension in a fresher or junior student.
Ragging is defined as any act that causes humiliation to students. It has different names like hazing and bullying. The document discusses the origin, types, causes and effects of ragging. Severe ragging can lead to mental trauma, injuries or even death. The University Grants Commission and Indian Penal Code prescribe punishments for ragging like suspension, expulsion or fines. Helpline numbers are provided to report ragging incidents. The author concludes by advocating for creating friendly environments instead of ragging and notes that ragging is a crime.
Ragging is a serious issue in Indian colleges that has resulted in deaths, psychological trauma, and declining foreign student enrollment. The document summarizes several case studies of students who died as a result of ragging, including being beaten, burned, or forced to consume toxic substances. It also discusses the types of ragging, reasons why students rag, and impact on individuals, institutions, and India's foreign policy. Precautions are outlined for students, families, and institutions to prevent ragging and address it appropriately if it occurs.
Ragging is a practice where senior students abuse and humiliate junior students. It originated in British public schools and continues in some parts of India and other Asian countries. Ragging can be mild like singing or severe like physical abuse. While some believe mild ragging builds character, it often crosses limits into human rights violations and has led to trauma, injuries, and deaths. Both government and educational institutions have implemented anti-ragging policies and guidelines, but it remains a problem that requires cooperation of all stakeholders to fully address.
This document discusses ragging, which is the systematic abuse of freshmen students by senior students to assert dominance. It defines ragging according to the Supreme Court of India. It traces the origins of ragging to British public schools and discusses how it continues in India and other Asian countries. The document explores myths and facts about ragging, the psychology behind it, anti-ragging laws and punishments in India, and concludes by calling for efforts to end this problem.
The document summarizes the key provisions of Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code, which deals with cruelty by a husband or relative of the husband towards a married woman. It discusses the mandate behind introducing Section 498A to strengthen anti-dowry laws and stop offenses of cruelty against married women. It also summarizes some important court judgments related to Section 498A and the Law Commission's recommendations to reform the law and make arrests and investigations more rigorous.
Child Marriages continue to be solemnized in a large number of countries. This practice is a serious threat to child protection with adverse impact on their education, health and empowerment. The presentation discusses different issues connected with the problem.
It is about the law to protect the children who are sexually abused, to protect them, guide them through the course and instill fear in the offenders. - POCSO ACT.
This presentation discusses sexual abuse against women. It defines sexual abuse and harassment and outlines various types including rape, sexual assault within marriage, prostitution/trafficking, pornography, and workplace harassment. Common myths about sexual abuse are debunked. The legal rights of women in India are discussed, including the Vishaka Guidelines and Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act. The role of the National Commission for Women and challenges in creating further awareness are presented.
The document summarizes the key aspects of India's Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act. It defines a child as under 18, outlines specific sexual offenses like penetrative assault and sexual harassment, and mandates reporting of such crimes. It establishes special courts for child-friendly trials and aims to protect victims' rights and privacy. The Act also provides stringent punishments ranging from 3-life imprisonment depending on the offense.
This document discusses minorities in India and the problems they face. It defines minority as a group that is less than half the total population based on religion or language, including Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Zoroastrians. The key problems minorities face are issues of identity, security, equity, feeling deprived, and psychological insecurity. The government has implemented some measures to address these problems, but challenges remain around discriminatory laws, access to justice, and representation of minorities in areas like employment and education.
Juvenile delinquency refers to misconduct by juveniles that could be subject to legal punishment. It is normally defined as criminal behavior by individuals under the age of 18. The document discusses several potential causes of juvenile delinquency, including defective family patterns, bad company, adolescent instability, and extreme social control. It also lists some common characteristics like running away from home, truancy, and wandering streets. Finally, the document proposes some remedies for juvenile delinquency such as social awareness programs, rehabilitation services, juvenile courts, and better family management.
The document discusses the status of women in India from ancient times to the present. It begins by noting that women had equal status with men in ancient India and held prominent positions, but their status deteriorated during the medieval period with the rise of practices like sati and child marriage. While women excelled in some fields, gender inequality increased under British colonial rule and the introduction of practices like purdah. Reformers in the 19th century worked to improve conditions for women. The document then outlines continuing issues related to health, education, employment, and violence facing women in India today despite constitutional guarantees of equality and women's advancement in some areas.
The document discusses minority rights in India. It defines minorities as groups differentiated by religion, nationality, language or culture that see themselves and are seen by others as distinct within society. The constitution guarantees minorities several rights, including cultural and educational rights. Specifically, it protects minorities' right to conserve their own language, script and culture (Article 29) and establishes and administers their own educational institutions (Article 30). However, minority institutions must still adhere to reasonable regulations regarding curriculum, admissions and management. The document outlines various court cases that have interpreted and applied these constitutional rights.
The Criminal Law Amendment Act of 2013 made several changes to strengthen laws around sexual offenses against women in India. Key changes included introducing new sections penalizing acid attacks and stalking, enhancing punishment for rape, voyeurism, and sexual harassment, removing the exception for marital rape, and strengthening laws around trafficking. The amendments aimed to better protect women from sex-related offenses and criminalize other abusive behaviors like acid attacks and stalking. However, merely strengthening laws may not be enough - concerted efforts are still needed from law enforcement, politicians, organizations, media and society to properly educate the public and ensure protection of women's rights.
Acid attacks are a common form of violence in India, where attackers throw acid onto victims with the intent to disfigure, maim, torture, or kill them. Each year, an estimated 500-1000 acid attacks occur in India, overwhelmingly targeting women and children. While acid attacks rarely kill, they leave severe physical, psychological, and social scars. The presentation discusses the historical background and reasons for acid attacks such as love turning to hatred or jealousy. It also outlines laws against acid attacks in India and methods for prevention, treatment, and support for victims.
The document discusses the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDV Act) of 2005 in India. It was introduced to address domestic violence against women and provide civil remedies, as prior law did not adequately cover this issue. The PWDV Act guarantees constitutional rights and defines domestic violence as physical, sexual, verbal, emotional or economic abuse of a woman by someone in a domestic relationship with her. It outlines where cases can be filed and relief sought, including protection orders, residence orders, and monetary compensation. Proper interpretation and understanding of the law by police, judiciary and society is still lacking however.
Communal violence involves people belonging to two different religious or ethnic communities mobilized against each other and carrying the feelings of hostility, emotional fury, exploitation, social discrimination and social neglect. The high degree of cohesion in one community against another is built around tension and polarization. The targets of attack are the members of the ‘enemy’ community. Generally, there is no leadership in communal riots which could effectively control and contain the riot situation. It could thus be said that communal violence is based mainly on hatred, enmity and revenge.
This document discusses the issue of ragging in India. It begins by outlining the extent of the problem, noting that ragging affects colleges and universities and can vary from mild interactions to severe physical and mental abuse. It then provides examples of ragging incidents that have occurred in India. The document also examines the complexities of ragging, how it is a cycle where victims may become perpetrators. It explores potential solutions like sensitization programs and strict enforcement, but notes more research is needed to fully address this massive problem in Indian education.
The document discusses ragging, which is defined as any act that causes physical or psychological harm, apprehension, shame, or embarrassment to a student. It identifies different types of ragging such as dress code ragging, formal introduction, sexual abuse, playing the fool, and hostel ragging. The consequences of ragging include severe stress, psychological trauma, physical injury, group violence, and in some cases death. Actions that can be taken against ragging include filing a police report, punishments decided by an anti-ragging committee such as cancellation of admission, suspension from classes, fines, and rustication from an institute.
This document outlines regulations and directives for banning ragging and anti-ragging measures at a university for the 2014-15 year. It defines ragging and lists punishable ingredients of ragging. It discusses measures to curb ragging such as requiring affidavits from students and parents before and after admission. It establishes various anti-ragging committees, squads, and patrols to monitor and respond to incidents of ragging, and outlines their roles and responsibilities. Finally, it lists punishments for those who engage in ragging. The overall aim is to maintain a ragging-free campus and enforce strict anti-ragging rules and regulations.
Ragging is a damaging practice in India where seniors in schools and colleges insult, harass, or bully juniors through complex activities. While it exists in other countries like Pakistan and Malaysia under different names, ragging is prevalent and illegal in India. Victims can file anonymous complaints via a national helpline number or email to report incidents. Institutions should clearly state anti-ragging policies, and students should feel empowered to raise their voices against it. Ragging breaks lives and careers rather than building bonds, so it is important to inform authorities immediately if witnessing any such behavior.
This document summarizes techniques for time-based ranging using ultra-wideband (UWB) radios. It discusses sources of error in time-based ranging due to multipath propagation, multiple access interference, and non-line-of-sight conditions. It then covers fundamental limits to ranging accuracy using bounds like the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Maximum likelihood and low-complexity techniques for time-based ranging are presented, including methods using matched filters, energy detection, and threshold-based detection. Two-step estimators and techniques using "dirty templates" are also summarized as ways to relax sampling rate requirements for time-based UWB ranging.
1. The document warns that ragging will be punishable by imprisonment and that those engaging in ragging will be liable for arrest without a warrant.
2. It provides contact information for the principal and anti-ragging committee chairman to report any incidents of ragging.
3. A list of anti-ragging committee members is also included with names, department, and contact information.
A document discusses ragging, which is considered an offense, and suicide. Ragging refers to harassment of junior students by senior students and can lead to suicide. The document appears to be about the problem of ragging in schools and universities which can cause students to take their own lives.
Online education is gaining momentum in India with more students and working professionals enrolling in online certificate and degree programs. The government is promoting online education to provide more educational opportunities for those in remote areas or with limited access. As internet access expands across India, more universities are offering online courses using advanced interactive technologies that blend online and classroom learning. Some major Indian institutions offering online programs include IGNOU, Sikkim Manipal University, and Amity University. International MOOCs like edX and Coursera also provide online access to top global universities.
Online Education As Ecommerce
Presented By Shubham Tikkiwal & Nikhil Pareek (IIT Roorkee)
The document discusses problems with the current state of education in India and proposes online education as a solution. It outlines issues like a lack of college and faculty reviews, limited access to study materials, and no platform for direct interaction between educational institutions and students. The document then describes various models of online education including distance learning, blended learning, e-learning and m-learning. It argues that online education can increase access to expertise, provide more up-to-date content at lower cost, and better prepare students for 21st century business.
The document provides an overview of Starbucks' history, culture, operations, and employee programs. It discusses how Starbucks was founded in 1971 and has since expanded globally. It also summarizes Starbucks' focus on cultural diversity and inclusion, talent staffing and development, and community involvement through philanthropic initiatives. Starbucks aims to create an empowering work environment for employees while respecting local cultures as it continues to grow internationally.
The document discusses the classification of mental disorders according to two major systems - ICD-10 and DSM-IV. ICD-10 is the World Health Organization's classification system that codes psychiatric disorders from F00 to F99. DSM-IV is the diagnostic manual published by the American Psychiatric Association that uses a multi-axial system with five axes to evaluate patients. Some key differences between the two systems are that ICD-10 is intended for clinical work, research, and primary care globally while DSM-IV is in English only and includes social consequences in its diagnostic criteria.
The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. Some key advantages mentioned are that the internet is fast, cheap, convenient, and allows global connectivity. Disadvantages include the potential for inaccurate or untruthful information online, as well as high initial installation costs for equipment like computers, modems, and mice. The document raises the question of whether the internet harms or benefits users.
This document provides a list of over 200 seminar topics related to computer science, electronics, IT, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, applied electronics, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, and MBA projects. The topics are divided into categories such as computer science projects, electronics projects, IT projects, and so on. Each topic includes a brief 1-2 sentence description. Contact information is provided at the bottom for requesting full reports on any of the topics.
This research paper examines domestic violence. It defines domestic violence as abuse or bad behavior used to gain power and control, often targeting women, children, and intimate partners. The paper explores the history of domestic violence laws and various forms of abuse - physical, sexual, emotional, and financial. Interviews were conducted and data was collected to analyze statistics on domestic violence. The findings show women ages 18 to 60 are most affected, with 95% of abusers being men. Expectations are that solutions could help build healthier family structures and decrease health issues in society by ensuring physical and psychological well-being.
Bradford mvsu fall 2012 so 213 prejudice ch 13John Bradford
Prejudice is defined as a negative attitude toward people in a group based solely on their membership in that group. It has three components - cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. Stereotypes are generalizations about groups that assign traits to all members. Contact with outgroup members tends to reduce prejudice when it occurs in a context of mutual interdependence, common goals, equal status, and supportive social norms of equality. Discrimination refers to unjustified negative actions toward a group. Prejudice can be measured explicitly through surveys or implicitly through reaction time tests. The cognitive and implicit emotional components of prejudice can operate automatically through stereotypes while the behavioral component involves conscious discrimination.
Age discrimination can take many forms and negatively impact older individuals. This document discusses age discrimination in the healthcare context. It begins by outlining goals of defining age discrimination broadly, examining types that occur in healthcare, and exploring the social history that led to common stereotypes about the elderly. Several activities are proposed to help reflect on one's own perceptions. Age discrimination can be personal, institutional, intentional, or unintentional. Stereotypes are discussed as being exaggerated and harmful. The embodiment of stereotypes over the lifespan through psychological, behavioral and physiological pathways can negatively impact health outcomes. Addressing ageism is important for physicians to provide non-discriminatory care to older patients.
This presentation is about the dilemma people face about transsexuality. The factors considered like pros and cons, and society\'s acceptance. A conclusion was made after looking at the issue from the 5 different ethical approaches.
This document provides a summary of chapter ten from a lecture on gender and sexuality. It covers definitions of key terms like sex, gender, gender roles and identity. It discusses gender stereotypes and differences in personality, cognition, attitudes and behaviors between men and women. It also examines topics like sexual orientation, paraphilias, sexual dysfunction and relationships in older age. The chapter aims to define and explore various aspects of gender and human sexuality.
This document discusses attitude, prejudice, and stigma related to mental illness. It defines key terms like attitude, prejudice, and stigma and explores how they develop and are influenced by various psychological and social factors. The document also examines specific prejudices against people with mental illness, how stigma manifests, and its impacts. Studies from India are discussed that show stigma experiences include views of the mentally ill as dangerous, violent, or cursed as well as fears of rejection and difficulties with marriage and employment. Myths and misconceptions that perpetuate stigma are also outlined.
This document discusses how to assess and refer students exhibiting high-risk behaviors as a resident assistant. It defines high-risk behaviors like sexual risk, substance abuse, eating disorders, self-injury, and suicidal ideation. It outlines the RA's role in recognizing these behaviors, having conversations with students, making appropriate referrals, and following up. The document emphasizes that RAs serve as important front-line assessment agents and should gather information to determine the best next steps, which may include a referral, conversation, or notifying supervisors.
This presentation was part of Embody's Safe Healthy Strong 2014 conference on sexuality education (www.ppwi.org/safehealthystrong). Embody is Planned Parenthood of Wisconsin's education and training programs. Learn more: www.ppwi.org/embody
DESCRIPTION
Young people with disabilities are often left out when teaching sexual health. Perhaps we believe they are incapable of comprehending the messaging or we assume they are asexual or uninterested in sexual intimacy. As a community, we believe we are underestimating both their capacity to understand their critical need to receive sexual health resources. Participants will leave this session with increased knowledge on the importance of teaching sexual health to young people with disabilities and tips on how to adapt existing curricula to work with this population.
ABOUT THE PRESENTER
Julie Rothwell, MSW, provides technical assistance and program evaluation to programs and strategies that fall within the Health impact area at United Way of Greater Milwaukee. In addition, she manages all activities associated with the Healthy Girls Initiative which is United Way of Greater Milwaukee’s targeted approach to prevent teen pregnancy and sexual violence. Julie has several years’ experience training youth workers and sexuality health educators on how to effectively implement evidence-based sexual health curricula.
This document discusses concepts related to race, ethnicity, sex, and gender. It defines key terms such as:
1) Race as a social category based on perceived physical characteristics, while ethnicity refers to cultural characteristics. However, race is not biologically valid as there is more genetic variation within races than between them.
2) Prejudice as a negative attitude toward a group, including stereotypes, while discrimination refers to unjustified harmful actions. Studies show stereotype threat and self-fulfilling prophecies can negatively impact marginalized groups.
3) Contact hypothesis suggests prejudice can be reduced through positive, equal-status contact between groups. However, not all contact is effective at reducing prejudice. Six conditions are outlined
This document discusses issues pertaining to youth in human services. It defines adolescence and emerging adulthood, and examines the emergence of adolescence as a stage of childhood. It then explores a range of issues youth may face, such as high-risk behaviors, mental health problems, LGBTQ issues, and classifications of problems. Finally, it analyzes specific issues in depth, like delinquent behavior, bullying, substance use, depression, suicide and schizophrenia.
This document provides an overview of various psychological disorders including:
- Definitions of psychological disorders and their prevalence. Key symptoms and possible origins are described for schizophrenia, mood disorders like depression and bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders.
- Specific disorders covered in more depth include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, dissociative identity disorder, and borderline personality disorder.
- Biological, psychological, and social factors that may contribute to the development and expression of these disorders are also discussed.
Adler's individual psychology focuses on social motivation and people's striving for superiority. It views personality as unified and shaped by subjective perceptions and goals of social interest/success. Behavior is purposeful and directed towards these goals. Adler emphasized compensation for inferiority through lifestyle patterns formed in early childhood. Individual psychology evaluates personality traits, goals, and behaviors through the lens of social interest.
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Abnormal psychology studies abnormal behavior and clinical psychology provides mental health care. There is no single definition of abnormal behavior - it has changed over time based on cultural and medical understandings. Current criteria include deviation from statistical averages, social norms, maladaptiveness, distress, dangerousness, and faulty perceptions. However, these criteria have issues, as what is considered abnormal depends on cultural and social contexts, and not all psychological disorders involve the stated criteria. Determining the line between normal and abnormal behavior considers appropriateness, context, and if multiple criteria are present.
Role of Women in Overcoming Erectile Dsyfunction was presented by Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching at a public forum organised by a group of NTU students at Singapore Conference Hall on Sat 21 Feb 2016.
Dr Martha Tara Lee is Founder and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching since 2009. She is a certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists), as well as a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality as well as Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011. Website: http://www.eroscoaching.com.
This document discusses the differences between sex and gender. It notes that while sex is a biological concept referring to chromosomes and anatomy, gender describes the social and cultural roles associated with being masculine or feminine. These gender roles can vary significantly across cultures. The document also examines theories that gender is socially constructed through socialization and cultural norms, rather than inherently biological. It explores how this social construction of gender roles can negatively impact individuals, especially transgender people, by restricting their freedom and increasing risks of discrimination, mental health issues, and suicide.
2022 Undergraduate Research Symposium: Bahea Nasser
My research is overall in the issue of the mass incarceration rate of people with serious mental illness. My research goes into detail about the factors and causes of this problem, re-offending, deinstitutionalization, other important information, and how people with serious mental illness in the criminal justice system receive inadequate treatment.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Martha Tara Lee on sexuality in obstetrics and gynecology. It discusses Dr. Lee's background and credentials in human sexuality. The presentation covers topics like what is sexology, common sexological issues, models for addressing sexual concerns, female sexual dysfunctions, myths about sexuality, and cultural influences on sexuality. Treatment suggestions are provided for issues like low sexual desire. The goal is to have an educational yet non-judgmental approach to discussing sexuality issues.
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Here are my responses to the case vignettes:
Case 1:
Q1: Diagnosis - Bipolar I disorder, current episode manic
Q2: Management - Conduct a thorough assessment. Start treatment with mood stabilizer (lithium or valproate) plus atypical antipsychotic. Consider hospitalization given severity of symptoms. Provide psychoeducation to family.
Case 2:
Q1: Diagnosis - Bipolar I disorder, current episode depressed
Q2: Management - Conduct assessment. Start antidepressant under cover of mood stabilizer due to risk of switching. Consider ECT given severity. Provide psychoeducation and support to family.
Case 3:
Q1:
Disorders of sleep can be classified into dyssomnias, which involve disturbances in sleep quantity or timing; hypersomnias, which involve excessive sleepiness; and parasomnias, which involve abnormal behaviors during sleep transitions. The most common disorders include insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome. Diagnosis involves polysomnography and other tests to evaluate sleep patterns and rule out underlying causes. Treatment depends on the specific disorder diagnosed.
Circadian rhythm refers to biological cycles that occur over approximately 24 hours. These rhythms are regulated by molecular feedback loops in clock genes and proteins that influence cellular functions and synchronize organs. Disruption of circadian rhythms through irregular sleep/wake cycles, jet lag, or light exposure at night has been linked to increased risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental health conditions. Maintaining circadian alignment through regular sleep/wake and meal times may help reduce disease risk.
This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding human behavior. It provides examples that support both nature and nurture influences. For nature, it discusses genetic influences on behaviors and conditions like language acquisition and schizophrenia. For nurture, it discusses studies showing environmental influences like Little Albert's learned fear response and the Stanford Prison Experiment. It also notes that behavior is often an interaction between innate traits and environmental responses, and provides applications of considering both nature and nurture in developing drug therapies or adapting environments.
This document discusses various interview techniques used in psychiatry. It describes facilitating techniques like reinforcement, reflection and summarizing that enable patients to share openly. Expanding techniques like clarifying, probing and redirecting help expand the focus of the interview. Obstructive techniques like judgmental questions or premature advice can inhibit the interview process. The document also discusses stress interviews used in employee selection and counseling approaches and principles.
This document provides an introduction to psychology and discusses several key topics:
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- It outlines the nature vs. nurture debate on whether human capabilities are innate or developed through experience.
- It describes the origins of modern scientific psychology in the late 19th century with Wilhelm Wundt establishing the first psychology laboratory.
- It discusses several early schools of psychology including structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, Gestalt psychology, psychoanalysis, and modern biological, cognitive, social, developmental, and humanistic perspectives.
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Internet Addiction Disorder & Blue Whale Challengedonthuraj
Presentation discuss on Internet addiction and Some information about Blue Whale challenge... (Regarding blue whale the information is from w=various media)
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Complementary and Alternative therapies in Psychiatrydonthuraj
This is a seminar which i had presented as a part of academic activity in my department. Please comment on the seminar, so that i can make any future changes... Thank you.
This is seminar presented as part of academics in my department. Please comment on the content, so that i can improve myself. If the content is good, kindly like it.
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The document discusses pervasive developmental disorders and autism spectrum disorders. It presents a case vignette of a 5-year-old boy named Donald exhibiting symptoms of autism such as lack of social interaction and affection. It then covers the history of autism including theorists who studied and named different conditions. It discusses diagnostic classifications, prevalence, potential etiologies including genetic and neurological factors, and features of autistic disorder.
This document provides information on the psychiatric manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It discusses topics such as delirium, minor cognitive disorders, HIV-associated dementia, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, PTSD, personality disorders, and the stigma associated with HIV infection. It also covers HIV testing and counseling procedures in India.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Ragging
1. Ragging
- a review of the malady
Dr.D.Raj Kiran (SR) & Dr.Saritha (PG)
Dept. of Psychiatry
KIMS
2. Roadmap
• Definition
• Facts & Fictions about ragging
• Historical perspective
• Burden of ragging
• Ways of ragging
• Psychological perspective
– Psychology of raggers
– Psychology of victims
– Short term & long term effects
• Legal perspective
– Definition of Honorable Supreme Court
– Raghavan committee
– Recommendations
• Suggestions
3. Definition
• Ragging according to dictionary is to-
– Scold
– Tease
– Cause annoyance
– Harass with persistent criticism.
4.
5. Facts
• Deaths due to ragging-
– 2005- Kamlesh sarkar, Sridhar, Abraham, Amit sahai
– 2006- Azad nair, SP Manoj
– 2007- Chetan raj, Manjot singh, Durgesh shukla upto 7 cases
reported…
– 2008- Laltiha, 3 more incidents reported
– 2009- Aman Kachroo
– 2010- Ajub ajith, Premalatha, Nagendra, 3 more reported…
– In last 6 weeks- already 3 cases from Telangana reported
• Hundreds get seriously injured/ disabled...Countless of innocent
youths suffer extreme forms of physical and sexual abuses for
months..
6. • Despite ban in almost all colleges, it has not been very
effective, as seen by the number of ragging cases still
reported by the media.
• This has expanded its tentacles so wide that we started
getting shocking news every now & then in the form of loss
of precious human life…
• Recent death of an engineering student is another example
which depicts the limitless boundaries of this social problem.
• It still sends chills down the spine whenever the topic of
ragging comes up…
7. Fiction
• Fictional works like novels, films, dramas also depict ragging in
various ways according to their whims & fancies.
• At times lighter & at times very serious.
• Movies like 3 Idiots & Munna Bhai MBBS have depicted
ragging in a very light hearted way.
• In other films forms of ragging like eve teasing, insulting and
mocking the teachers are often glorified.
8. Historical perspective
• Earliest traces date back to 7th or 8th century of Greek culture,
where new entrants to the sports community were subjected to all
kinds of humiliations to inculcate a endurance & fortitude in them.
• Hazing, Fagging, Bullying, Sledging- these are nothing but the
different phrases of ragging signifying the practice of welcoming the
fresher in a barbaric manner.
• Gradually subjected to further modifications it was adopted by the
military forces.
• From here it finally entered the realms of academic institutions.
• Officially 1st incident of ragging took place in USA back in 1657 in
University of Harvard.
9. • Before 70s it was hardly seen in India. But later it spread like
a wildfire as one of the legacies of British colonialism.
• At first it was limited to verbal abuse, but then it spread to
involve physical & sexual abuse.
• First official step in India was taken by TN Govt. in 1997 by a
legislation against ragging.
• Later different states followed the suit & banned the ragging.
• In 2006, Honorable Supreme Court constituted Raghavan
committee to give suggestions on the means of preventing
ragging.
10. Burden of ragging
Year Cases Deaths
2007- 08 89 11
2008- 09 88 12
2009- 10 164 19
• Number of ragging cases (June 2009- June 2013) in
different states-
o 398- UP
o 233- WB
o 193- Odisha
o 163- MP
o 98- Maharashtra
o & the list continues
11. • Cases of injury- 56
• Cases of sexual abuse- 36
• Cases of group violence- 24
• Cases of abuse, casteism/ regionalism- 19
• Victims- Boys > Girls.
• The number of cases soar around August, when admissions to
engineering and medical colleges are over.
• Associated Fear, Mystery & Secrecy makes it difficult to analyse the
menace in the country.
• Most of the available statistics are from media & NGOs.
• No specific section as “deaths due to ragging” is present in National
Crime Records Bureau.
12. Ways of ragging
• Dress code ragging- Often an awkward & uncomfortable dress
code is imposed.
• Formal introduction- Introduce themselves in pure local language.
• Verbal torture- indulging in loose talks
• Playing the fool- asked to enact scenes, do silly things.
• Hostel ragging- asked to do odd things
• Drug abuse & Sexual abuse- severest form
13. Why ragging occurs ?
• Seniors’ right, as they were ragged by their seniors’. In Indian
perspective it is similar to Saas-Bhau relationship.
• Sense of superiority. The crueler the senior is, more terrified the
juniors.
• As a way of familiarizing with the seniors.
• Lack of supervision & implementation of serious anti-ragging
measures by authorities.
• Alcohol both precipitates & perpetuates ragging. Under its
influence people sway away from emotions & hidden machismo
comes out.
14. Psychology of raggers
1. Gives a sense of Authority boosts morale of a person puts
him/her on high.
2. An attitude of “I give back, what I got before”
3. As a means of cathersis- to vent ones unconscious frustrations.
4. Gratification of Sadistic tendencies- a good opportunity to satiate
ones sadistic demands.
5. Makes a Fashion statement- many think that ragging will put them
on a different pedestal in their college.
6. Peer pressure
15. Psychology of victims
• Fresher's Nervous and full of apprehension on the first few
days of college or hostel life.
• Their nightmares become a reality when they find themselves
being abused by a group of seniors, who take full advantage of
their vulnerability.
• Depending upon a person’s upbringing, temperament, and
attitudes, and ultimate his/ her personality, reactions to the very
same circumstances would vary.
• An individual who is used to singing songs on a stage may not
feel as embarrassed as others in his group.
16. • While some people can put up with any behaviour and then
forget about it and move on with their lives,
• Some sensitive ones may find all this too difficult to handle.
• They could land up with a nervous breakdown, go into a state
of shock, sink into severe depression, discontinue their
studies or even commit suicide.
• There are documented cases of suffering from post-traumatic
stress disorder following episodes of ragging where they
were subjected to physical or mental torture.
17. Effects on victim
• Ragging or even the very thought about it- provokes Stress.
• Stress is a mind and body response or reaction to a real or
imagined threat, event or change.
• Effects seen are-
– Psychological problems
– Cognitive changes
– Behavioral problems
– Physical problems
– Other reactions to stressful events
19. • Physical problems-
– Nausea, headache, hypertension
– Sleeping disorders
– Elevated BP, Increased HR
– Skin disorders
– Asthma, RA
• Other reactions to stressful events-
– Minimizes abilities of effective functioning
– Stronger psychological reaction
– PTSD
– Inter Personal relationships
20. Long term consequences
• The victim retracts into a shell, forcing himself into ignominy
and alienation from the rest of the world.
• It demoralizes the victim who joins college, with many hopes
and expectations.
• Who succumb may drop out thereby hampering their career
prospects
• Who protest very likely to face ostracism from their seniors
in the future.
• Some times suicides have also been reported.
21. Other impacts
• Effects are not restricted to victim alone, involves family members
& other students as well.
• The parents of the victim will be under constant apprehension
about the future safety of their child.
• Besides incurring medical & other incidental expenses to
rehabilitate, they have to bear with the trauma of hampered
careers of their children.
• Friends of the victim, will be under constant apprehension of
being a next victim.
• This is certainly going to hamper the fame of institution as well.
22. Legal perspective of ragging
• Honorable Supreme court of India defines ragging as
under-
– “Ragging is any disorderly conduct, whether by words
spoken or written, or by an act which has the effect of
teasing, treating or handling with rudeness any student,
indulging in rowdy or undisciplined activities which cause
or are likely to cause annoyance, hardship or
psychological harm or to raise fear or apprehension
thereof in a fresher or a junior student and which has the
effect of causing or generating a sense of shame or
embarrassment so as to adversely affect the psyche of a
fresher or a junior student”
23. Essence of definition…
• It is an act of aggression.
• Committed by an individual/ group of individuals over another
individual/ group of individuals.
• 1st group by virtue of being senior to 2nd group, somehow get
the authority & audacity.
• 2nd group by virtue of being new to institution, spontaneously
become victims.
• Any interaction which is aggressive & asymmetric (not in equal
footing) is ragging.
24. Raghavan Committee
• Problem of ragging was questioned by Vishwa Jagriti Missions,
leading the Honorable Supreme Court to give directions to curb
ragging.
• But the problem was not abated & horrifying cases were still
being reported.
• This compelled the Honorable Supreme Court to form a
committee to look into this matter.
• Raghavan committee was appointed by Union Human Resource
Development ministry under Supreme Court directive.
• Committee was chaired by former CBI chairman MK Raghavan.
25. • The committee’s duty was to-
– Study various aspects of ragging.
– Suggest means & methods of prevention of ragging.
– Suggest possible action to be taken against persons
indulging in ragging.
– Suggest possible action to be taken against college/
authorities in the event of ragging.
• Committee was formed in Dec 2006 & submitted its report in
April 2007.
26. Key recommendations
• Inclusion of ragging for accreditation by Central regulatory bodies
for educational institutions.
• Recommended anti-ragging cells at the central, state and college
level.
• Psychological counselling on anti-ragging and human rights at the
senior secondary school level.
• Chapter on ragging in NCERT, SCERT school books.
• Establishing of a stringent anti-ragging law.
• Toll free helpline for ragging victims (1800-180-5522).
27. Recommended actions to be taken by the authorities
• Appropriate committee to actively monitor, promote & regulate
healthy interaction between fresher's & seniors.
• Committee to include- course in charge, student advisor, warden
& some senior students.
• Involve students in matters of institution, may make students feel
that they are responsible partners.
• Organization of fresher’s welcome parties-
– For proper introduction
– Bring out talents without element of indecency
– Presence of faculty- prevent crossing limits of decency.
28. Punishments
• Quantum of punishment depends upon the nature & gravity
of the offence as established by the disciplinary committee/
Court of law
• Include-
1. Cancellation of admission
2. Suspension from attending classes
3. Withholding/ withdrawing scholarship/ fellowship &
other benefits
4. Debarring from appearing in any test/ examination or
other evaluation process
5. Withholding results
29. 6. Suspension/ Expulsion from hostels
7. Debarring from representing the institution in any
national/ international meet/ tournament/ youth
festival
8. Rustication from the institution for periods varying from
1 to 4 semesters
9. Expulsion from the institution & consequent debarring
from admission to any other institution.
10.Fine upto INR 25,000/=
11.Rigorous imprisonment upto 3 years.
• First 10 types of punishments can be awarded by the
appropriate authority of the institution itself, the last
punishment can be awarded only by a court of law.
30. Incentives/ Rewards
• Given to those who help in curbing the menace of ragging-
– Wardens & Other functionaries, given adequate
weightage while promoting to higher posts/ perks.
– Marks/ Grades for students who actively helped in
curbing ragging.
– “Good conduct” & “Not found ragging in any form of
ragging”- during semester must also be one of the
elements for sessional evaluation.
31. AP Prohibition Of Ragging Act, 97
• Purpose- To prohibit ragging in educational institutions.
• Institutional mechanism/ Official- Head/ Manager in case of
prima facie.
• Penalty-
– Offender- Imprisonment from 6 months to 10 years/ fine of
INR from 1,000 to 50,000/ both.
– Institution- Same as for offender for Head/ Manager in case of
default.
• Nature of offence- teasing, embarrassing, humiliation, assault,
criminal force, wrongful confinement, restraint, grievous hurt,
kidnapping, abduction, rape, death, abetting suicide.
32. NGOs
• CURE- Coalition to Uproot Ragging from Education, since July 2001.
Website- www.noragging.com & Blog-
www.noragging.blogspot.com.
• SPACE- Society for People’s Action, Change & Enforcement, since
May 2004. Website- www.stopragging.com &
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/stopragging.
• SAVE- Society Against Violence in Education. Website-
www.no2ragging.org.
33. Suggestions
1. New students must be addressed about the ban on ragging.
2. Seniors should be sensitized about the ill effects of ragging.
3. “Disciplinary committee” to instill the value of discipline in
the minds of students.
4. Individual interest groups, like research/ sports group to
channelize the talents of students in a useful manner.
5. Posters of Anti-ragging committee, consisting of members &
contact numbers should be displayed at prominent places.
34. 6. Contact numbers of the Anti-Ragging committee should made
freely available to the newcomers.
7. Compliant boxes should be placed at the dean’s office, library,
canteen, wherein juniors can drop their complaint letter.
8. “Best senior” award should be given, to be voted by the
newcomers.
9. Provision of appointing one of the senior students as “Floor
manager” on each floor of hostel for prompt reporting of
ragging incidents.
10. A better interface with the NGOs in planning preventive
activities.
35. Anti-Ragging @ KIMS
• Anti-Ragging KIMS helpline no- 08682-272344
• Anti-Ragging committee consisting of-
– Chairman- Principal
– District Police Administration (SI of Narketpally),
– NGO involved in Youth Activities,
– Representative of District Civil Administration, Local Media,
Faculty Members, Parents, Non-teaching Staff and Students
(Seniors and Freshers) is formed and meet every week.
• The Anti-Ragging Squad- consist of HODs, Faculty Members and
Senior Students residing in the campus.
• Squad makes surprise visits to Hostels & other spots of potential
ragging.