This document discusses issues pertaining to youth in human services. It defines adolescence and emerging adulthood, and examines the emergence of adolescence as a stage of childhood. It then explores a range of issues youth may face, such as high-risk behaviors, mental health problems, LGBTQ issues, and classifications of problems. Finally, it analyzes specific issues in depth, like delinquent behavior, bullying, substance use, depression, suicide and schizophrenia.
Please be quieter. You are in a library. Please don’t push your friends. You are in a library. Please stop kissing your girlfriend. You are in a library. Ever feel like a broken record when it comes to tackling teen behavior? Feel like you should advocate for them, but what’s the point? This workshop will cover these topics and more in this session all about why teens act the way they do, and how you can advocate for them in your library.
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens Health- VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Covers the causes, theories and recommendations for domestic violence. Also has many real life domestic violence stories that has occurred in Pakistan.
Psychosocial Prevention of Dangerous Behaviour in Childhood and AdolescenceAJHSSR Journal
Children and adolescents are strongly oriented to the present. Most important for them is the
satisfaction of present needs, and the possibility of new adventures and experiences. Pointing out the negative
consequences of an unhealthy action is of no importance to children and young people. They have other, more
important concerns than 'prevention'. Particular attention should be paid to the dangerous behaviour of young
people. With such behaviour, young people try to achieve recognition, for example. For this reason, children
and young people should be given the space and the opportunity to achieve this in a different way. The
purpose of this study was to approach, analyze and ultimately examine Psychosocial Prevention of Dangerous
Behaviour in Childhood and Adolescence in order to assist prevention and health promotion work. The
method adopted for the study was a review of the relevant literature. Based on this study, we find that the more
successful prevention proposals so far have been aimed at enhancing general life skills. Personal resources,
such as a positive image of oneself, the perception of one’s body and one’s self-confidence, as well as social
resources play a decisive role in this matter. The ability to support these factors arises from the field of
movement, play and sport. In summary, the opportunities for movement, play and sports do not only satisfy the
need of children and adolescents to enjoy life, to gain experience and independence, but they are also a
potential means of enhancing general competencies (cognitive, kinetic, aesthetic, social and emotional
abilities).
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
Please be quieter. You are in a library. Please don’t push your friends. You are in a library. Please stop kissing your girlfriend. You are in a library. Ever feel like a broken record when it comes to tackling teen behavior? Feel like you should advocate for them, but what’s the point? This workshop will cover these topics and more in this session all about why teens act the way they do, and how you can advocate for them in your library.
Global Medical Cures™ | Womens Health- VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Covers the causes, theories and recommendations for domestic violence. Also has many real life domestic violence stories that has occurred in Pakistan.
Psychosocial Prevention of Dangerous Behaviour in Childhood and AdolescenceAJHSSR Journal
Children and adolescents are strongly oriented to the present. Most important for them is the
satisfaction of present needs, and the possibility of new adventures and experiences. Pointing out the negative
consequences of an unhealthy action is of no importance to children and young people. They have other, more
important concerns than 'prevention'. Particular attention should be paid to the dangerous behaviour of young
people. With such behaviour, young people try to achieve recognition, for example. For this reason, children
and young people should be given the space and the opportunity to achieve this in a different way. The
purpose of this study was to approach, analyze and ultimately examine Psychosocial Prevention of Dangerous
Behaviour in Childhood and Adolescence in order to assist prevention and health promotion work. The
method adopted for the study was a review of the relevant literature. Based on this study, we find that the more
successful prevention proposals so far have been aimed at enhancing general life skills. Personal resources,
such as a positive image of oneself, the perception of one’s body and one’s self-confidence, as well as social
resources play a decisive role in this matter. The ability to support these factors arises from the field of
movement, play and sport. In summary, the opportunities for movement, play and sports do not only satisfy the
need of children and adolescents to enjoy life, to gain experience and independence, but they are also a
potential means of enhancing general competencies (cognitive, kinetic, aesthetic, social and emotional
abilities).
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
Lecture delivered at the Adebimpe Youth Alive Care Foundation Convergence 2019 (Mental Health Literacy Bootcamp).
An attempt at demystifying the concept of mental health disorder with emphasis on depression.
17 B-Mod Techniques for class CC275, Child and Youth Care Program at Mohawk College. This power point starts off with some brief information about ADHD.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Hmns10085 mod2
1. Issues in Human Services
(HMNS 10085)
Module 2: Issues Pertaining to Youth
2. What is Youth?
• Adolescence - the years of 10 to 18
• Teenage years - 13-18 years
• Period of time between when puberty begins and
when adulthood is reached
– Menarche
– Semenarche
– Time of rapid growth
• Emerging adulthood 18 to 2 years
3. The Emergence of Adolescence
as a Stage of Childhood
• Adolescence - recent stage of childhood
– Emerged in 1890s
– Time period when attending school
– This has increased over time
• Cultures vary by expectations on
adolescents- may be based on gender
4. Issues for Youth
• High Risk Behaviours - aggression/
“delinquent behaviour”, gang activity
– Bullying
– Substance Use
• Mental Health Issues - depression, anxiety,
eating disorders, self-harm/suicide
• Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Queer
Youth
5. Classification of Problems
• Externalizing problems:
– Directed towards others
• Internalizing problems:
– Directed inward
6. Externalizing Problems:
“Delinquent” Behaviour & Violence:
• Criminal activity and violence attract a lot
of attention.
• Youth do commit a disproportionate
number of violent crimes
• Youth - 7% of the overall, general
population
• Youth are 4 times more likely to be victims
of crime - female more than male.
8. Contributors to “Delinquent”
Behaviour & Violence:
• Youth “act out” for a reason
• Conditions within the youth
• Past or present abuse, neglect or chaotic
environments (due to substance abuse)
• Structural risk factors
– Living in poverty > food insecurity,
specifically.
9. How School Experience May
Contribute
• Teacher insensitivity to a youth’s
individuality
• Rigid discipline
• Continuous negative interactions
• Failing to assess the strengths of youth
• Lack of funding for special education
resources that help promote school success.
10. Gang Activity: Types of Gangs
•
•
•
•
•
Groups of friends
Spontaneous Criminal Activity Gang
Purposive Gang
Youth Street Gang
Structure Criminal Organization
11. Myths about gangs:
• Cultural or ethnic groups form gangs
composed of individuals from their own
cultural or racial groups
• Newcomers to Canada frequently form
gangs
• Criminal gangs are composed of youth
12. What do gangs provide youth?
•
•
•
•
•
Respect
A sense of making a contribution
Potential for leadership
Relief from boredom
Acknowledgement of the youth as a unique
individual
• A feeling of membership, belonging
• A feeling of empowerment
13. Why gangs tend to form:
•
•
•
•
•
Living in poverty
Unemployment
Racism
Family-oriented difficulties
Not succeeding in school/low attachment to
school
• Chaos in community
14. Interventions for Youth
Involved in Gangs:
• Structural approach:
– Mobilize a community to take action
– Provide educational, recreational and
employment opportunities
– Social intervention (eg. housing)
15. Bullying
• Bullying is defined as,
“…a way of attaining power through
aggression.”
• There is intentionality
• Tends to be repetitive in nature
16. Bullying Behaviour &
Types of Bullying
• Bullying Behaviour:
–
–
–
–
–
Physical
Verbal
Social
Used electronically
Being a bystander
• Types: Racial, religious, sexual & disability
17. How Often Does it Happen?
• 20% of children & youth report being
bullied.
• Increases in early adolescence
• Decreases in later adolescence
• Boys are bullied more using physical
behaviours
• Girls - more use of exclusion, gossip
behaviours.
18. Who is particularly at risk:
• Large body type
• Not fitting in with peer group
• Students who have disabilities &/or use
special education services
• Students who are lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender, or queer (LGBTQ)
19. Impact of being bullied:
•
•
•
•
Anxious and lonely
School avoidance
Illness - depression and suicidal thoughts
Poor academic performance
20. Who tends to bully?
• Anyone
• Do not possess effective social problemsolving skills
• Considered attractive, popular & leaders in
their school communities
21. Measures to combat bullying:
•
•
•
•
•
School-based awareness campaigns
Directed to the whole school body
“Norm”
Research evidence - mixed
Raising awareness of the bystander role
22. Substance Use
• It becomes problematic when:
– habitual
– involves street or illegal drugs
– Interferes with daily life & functioning
23. How many youth use substances?
• >65% of students had used alcohol (25.3% had
been binge-drinking)
• 29.8% had used cannabis
• >23% smoked tobacco
• 6% used ecstasy
• No substance use > 27.4%
• At least 4 different drugs - 14% of all students
• 5.6% of students - could not stop using
24. Trends in Youth Substance Use:
• Alcohol & using drugs increasing since the 90s.
–
–
–
–
Some increase in use of most substances
Highest increase - marijuana
Increase in alcohol
Increase in designer drugs or rave drugs (Ecstasy)
• Use of tobacco decreased since 90s.
– Except it has increased in young women
– Highest smoking rate in country
25. Associated Problems in
Substance Use:
• Use of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine &
amphetamines linked to violent behaviour
• More likely to gamble
• Substance use (alcohol use especially) is
linked to depression
• ADHD diagnoses
26. Factors Thought to Contribute to
Substance Use:
•
•
•
•
Influenced by peers
Have mothers
Move frequently/school adjustment
Have lower parent supervision & support in single
parent families
• Have parents who are more authoritative &
directing
• Come from households where parents are religious
28. Mental Health Issues in Youth:
• Externalizing Disorders:
– Conduct Disorder
– Oppositional Defiance Disorder
• Internalizing Disorders:
–
–
–
–
–
Depression
Self-injury
Suicide
Anxiety
Eating disorders
• ~20% of youth have a mental health disorder
29. Depression:
• Symptoms:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Low mood
Feelings of sadness
Crying easily
Loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed
Sleep disturbances
Appetite disturbances
Low energy
Stomach aches or headaches
Diminished memory & ability to concentrate
Youth > irritability
• Interferes with functioning in daily life
30. Depression: How many youth
does it affect?
• 3.5% of children and youth experience
depression
• Tends to increase in adolescence
• Girls more affected than boys
• Can be difficult to detect
31. Anxiety
• Anxiety - level is such that it interferes with functioning in
daily life
• Often occurs with depression.
• Impacts ~6% of children & youth
• Types of anxiety disorders:
– Generalized Anxiety-many worries & fears
– Specific Phobia - anxiety response specific to 1 thing > highly
avoidant
– Social Phobia - excessive worry about social situations
– Panic Disorder - physical panic response > “attack”
– Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - uncontrollable & unreasonable
thoughts (obsessions) & routines/rituals (compulsions)
32. Factors Contributing to
Depression & Anxiety:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Genetic - runs in family
Early life stress - trauma
Attachment issues
Psychological controlling by parents
Economic problems in household
Low marital happiness in parents
Parental hostility towards you
Reaction to a stressful life event
33. Self-injurious Behaviour
• “…any deliberate, repetitive attempt to
harm one’s own bodily tissue without a
conscious desire to commit suicide.” (Nock
& Prinstein, 2005, in Martin, 2011).
• Most frequent - cutting legs and arms with
razor blade, burning one’s self.
34. Prevalence of Self-injurious
Behaviour
• Adolescents are at higher risk for selfinjuring than adults
• 39% of adolescents have self-inflicted
injury at some point in their lifetime
• Female youth self-injure at a much higher
rate.
35. Causes of Self-injuring
Behaviour
• Causes are unclear
• Associated with:
–
–
–
–
–
Eating Disorders
Depression
Anxiety
Physical, sexual or severe emotional abuse
Being a perfectionist
36. Reasons for Self-injury
• It allows youth to feel something when they
otherwise feel emotionally numb
• Allows youth to numb psychic pain
• Internal expression of rage or intense anger
• Self-punishment
• Means of getting attention
37. Eating Disorders
• A group of disorders characterized by a distorted body
image in which eating behaviours are severely restricted or
unhealthy, to alter body weight & shape
– See themselves as fat when dangerously thin
• Primary onset- tends to be adolescence
• Risk for medical problems such as:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Infertility
Tooth damage
Heart & kidney problems
Bone loss
Anemia
Premature death
Growth may be halted
38. Types of Eating Disorders
• Anorexia Nervosa - refusal to maintain expected body
weight (< 85% of normal body weight) through starvation, excessive
exercise, use of diuretics, laxatives. Use of excessive calorie counting,
lack of satisfaction with weight loss, intense fear of gaining weight.
Part of diagnosis - absence of menstrual cycle for 3 months.
• Bulimia Nervosa - binge eating followed by purging
(vomiting, using laxatives). Youth feels no control over the eating
behavior.
• Binge-eating Disorder - Eats excessively to point of
being uncomfortable. Feels highly guilty which can lead to other
binges.
39. Prevalence
• Anorexia - half to 1% of youth
• Bulimia - 1 to 3% of youth
• Females much more likely to have an eating
disorder
40. Causes
• Interplay of cultural, genetic & psychological
causes
• Cultural -related to unrealistic body image ideals
• Genetic - predisposition to mental disorders
• Psychological - may have anxiety disorder earlier
in childhood. Low self-esteem, trying to be
“perfect”; family interaction patterns
– Control
41.
42. Suicide
• The most extreme internalizing disorder
• Adolescents - high risk, females higher
suicidal ideation
• Rate is higher for adolescents than adults
• Rate is growing
43. Types of Suicidal Behaviour
• Gestures - cry for help vs. attempt with
intent to kill oneself
• Attempts/Completed
• Females - 85% of those who attempt but are
unsuccessful
• Males - 80% of those who complete suicide
44. Risk Factors for Suicide:
• Youth feeling hopeless, with little social support,
having feelings of hostility & negative self-esteem
> greatest risk
• Strongly linked to family disruption & divorce
• Having a friend commit suicide.
• Having a gun (for males)
• High level of school involvement > associated
with a decreased risk for suicide
45. Schizophrenia
• Most often diagnosed in late adolescence or
emerging adulthood
• Thought Disorder
• Symptoms:
–
–
–
–
–
Unclear or illogical thinking
Delusions
Hallucinations
Cognitive impairment
Inability to express emotions
46. Early Signs
• 30 times more likely to commit suicide
• Increased social isolation - especially from
peers
• Declining cognitive functioning - confusing
thoughts
• Indications of hallucinations
47. Treatment of Mental Health
Disorders:
• Prevention
• Medical treatment
• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - for
depression, anxiety & eating disorders
• Family therapy
48. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,
Transgender/Transexual, Queer
(LGBTQ) Youth
• Often the victims of bullying - 75% of gay youth in one
study reported being verbally abused at school & 14%
reported physical abuse
• 85% of LGBTQ youth reported being victimized by
bullying - 60% report having been assaulted
• Male youth were abused more than female youth
• School climate in which there is heterosexist, homophobic
language used > increased anxiety & depression amongst
LGBTQ youth
– 39.4% heard such remarks from adults in their schools
• High rate of suicide - 30% reported attempting
49. How to make communities safe
& inclusive for LGBTQ Youth
• Address the harassment - provide education to
school personnel to begin with
• Policies that do not condone harassment based on
LGBTQ status > “Zero Tolerance” policies
• Focus on sexuality as part of youth’s personhood
- not the sole defining factor of a human being
• Teach students to respect the dignity of all persons
50. Readings:
•
Centre For Addiction & Mental Health (2002). Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use among Ontario Students. Youth
Scoop, Vol 2. Toronto: Centre For Addiction & Mental Health.
•
Retrieved from: http://www.camh.net/education/Resources_teachers_alcdruguse.pdf.
•
Centre For Addiction & Mental Health (2002). Youth violence: what’s the story? . Youth Scoop, Vol 3. Toronto:
Centre For Addiction & Mental Health.
•
Retrieved from: http://www.camh
.net/education/Resources_teachers_schools/Youth%20Scoop/youth_scoop_violence_youth.pdf
•
Centre For Addiction & Mental Health (2009). Hear me, understand me, support me: what young women want you
to know about depression. Toronto: Centre For Mental Health & Addiction.
•
Retrieved from: http://www.camh.net/Publications/Resources_for_Professionals/Validity/validity_sizism.html
•
Hamilton Wentworth District School Board (____). Bullying: Information for parents and students. In Safe and
Caring Schools #3.
•
Retrieved from: http://www.hwdsb.on.ca/programs/safeschools/bullying/pdfs/bullying_booklet_english.pdf.
51. Readings continued…
•
Offord Centre For Child Studies (2007). Eating problems in children and adolescence. Hamilton, ON: Centre of
Knowledge on Healthy Child Development.
•
Retrieved from: http://knowledge.offordcentre.com/images/stories/offord/pamphlets/EatingDisorder_en.pdf.
•
Offord Centre For Child Studies (2007). Mood problems in children and adolescents. Hamilton, ON:Centre of
Knowledge on Healthy Child Development.
•
Retrieved from: http://knowledge.offordcentre.com/images/stories/offord/pamphlets/Mood%20B&W.pdf.