The document discusses contrast media used in imaging, highlighting how these agents alter x-ray attenuation to improve visibility of various organs. It provides details on different types of contrast media, including their iodine particle ratios and effects on imaging. Additionally, it outlines potential adverse reactions and emergency management protocols related to the use of contrast media.

1. Contrast Media

2. Contrast Media
It is an agent that changes differential attenuation of
x-ray by increasing or decreasing the density of the
structure.
It is commonly used to enhance the visibility of blood
vessels, gastrointestinal tract etc.

8. Contrast media Iodine particle ratio
Ionic monomer 3:2
Ionic dimer 6:2
Non ionic monomer 3:1
Non ionic dimer 6:1
Iodine -particle ratio = No. of iodine atoms per
molecule of CM / no. of osmotic ally active particles
per molecule of CM.

9. X-RAY &
CT SCAN
MRI
ULTRA
SOUND

10. Negative C.M. Positive C.M.
Which make image clearly
visible and enhance contrast by
decreasing Atomic No. and
Atomic Weight.
Organs become more
radiolucent.
X-rays penetrate more
easily.
Ex: Air,CO2
Which make image clearly
visible and enhance conteast by
increasing Atomic No. and
Atomic weight.
Substance absorbs x rays
Organ become radiopaque
Most common media I, Ba
Example :
Barium Sulphate ( Ba So4 )
Oily CM
Iodinate CM (Water Soluble )

11. Image enhanced
with Positive C.M.
Image enhanced
with Negative C.M.

14. Solubility Less Better
Tolerance Less Better
BBB effect Crosses Not
Vascular effects More Less
Viscosity Low High
Diuretic Less Strong
Opacification Better Less
Bronchospasm No Yes
Parameter Sodium Meglumine

17. First Generation C.M.

19. Monomers Dimer
Diatriazoic acid
Iodamic acid
Ioglicic acid
Iothalamic acid
Ioxithalamic acid
Ioxaglic acid
Iocarmic acid

20. Monomer Dimer
Iohexol
Iopamidol
Ioversol
Iopromide
Iopentol
Iotrol
Iotrolan
Iodixanol

30. MILD MODERATE SEVERE
Nausea,
Ltd
Urticaria,
Mild pallor,
Limb pain
Severe Vomiting,
Extensive Urticaria
Dyspnoea,
Chest
&
abdominal pain
Unconsciousness,
Pulmonary edema,
Cardiac arrest,
Arrhythmias

41. Mild Moderate Severe
->O2 10 L/m
by face mask.
->Metered
dose inhaler
(Albuterol 2-3
inhalation )
-> Epinephrine
0.1-0.3 ml SC
->Repeat
for 10-15 min.
->Aminophylline
5mg/kg I.V. Slowly
over 10-20 min.
Epinephrine
I.V.

43. Mild Severe
->Release any
abdominal
compression
->Elevate legs
->O2 10L/m
->Isotonic I.V.
fluids administered
rapidly
Bradycardia Techycardia
->Atropine
0.6-1 mg I.V.
slowly
->Repeat
after 2-5
min.
->Max dose
3mg.
->Epinephrine
1-3 ml I.V.
->Dopamine
->Max dose
10ml

44. Mild Severe
-> Turn patient to one side to
avoid aspiration
->Be sure airway should be
open and clean
-> Pure O2 10 L/m
->Diazepam – 5mg I.V. slowly
->Prevent aspiration
-> O2 inhalation 10 L/m
Hypertensive Crisis
-> O2 10L/m
->Tab. Nitroglycerine- 0.4 mg
sub-lingually
If No Response
-> Capsule Nifedipine 10mg Sub-ling.
->Monitor B.P. closely
-> Phentorlamine 5 mg I.V
( Pheochromocytome)
->Furosemide 40 mg I.V.