The document discusses various conditions that can affect the tooth pulp and surrounding structures. It describes the normal anatomy of the pulp and defines different types of pulpitis. It then outlines several pathological conditions such as pulp necrosis, pulp polyps, periapical abscess, granuloma, and cysts. For each condition, it provides details on clinical features and radiographic appearances seen on dental imaging.

2. • Tooth pulp : the area of tooth that contain
blood vessels and efferent nerves and divided
into:
1. Pulp chamber
2. Root canal
The normal pulp appear as radiolucent area
in the center of the tooth (radiolucency of
pulp because it contain no minerals within it).

4. •Pulpitis
Reversible pulpitis
Irreversible pulptis(acute and chronic)
•Pulp necrosis
•Pulp polyps
•Periapical abscess
•Periapical granuloma
•Pulp calcification
•Internal resorption
•dens invaginatus
•taurodontism

6. there is no evidence ,normal PDL ,lamina dura

7. Irreversible
pulpitis
acute chronic

8. • Radiographically the tooth show widening of
PDL space, in some patient the tooth may
show discontinuity in laminadura

9. • Widening of PDL space
• Discontinuity in lamina dura
• Thickening of lamina dura
• Condensing osteitis

11. • Large open cavity with direct access to the
pulp chamber,
• Widening of pdl space
• Discontinuity of lamina dura
• Widening of lamina dura

14. • The tooth with necrotic pulp may exhibit only
slight periradicular change, periradicular
bony lesion may accompany the necrotic pulp

16. Appear normal except for widening of PDL
space.

17. Radiographical features:
In initial stages,periapical granuloma show widening
of the
periodontal ligament space of the tooth.
Fully developed lesions usually produce a well
defined
radiolucent area of varying size which appears to be
in continuity with the root apex.
Long standing periapical granuloma may show
varying
degrees of root resorption.

19. • Radiographical features:
Radiographical changes seen are limited to
only slight thickening of the periodontal
ligament space in apex region of the involved
tooth.
While in chronic periapical abscess,
radiograph often reveal small radiolucent
area at the root apex of the involved tooth
with poorly defined margins.

21. Apical Periodontal Cyst
• RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES:
• Radiolucency – round/ ovoid with a narrow
opaque margin which is continuous with
lamina dura.
• In long standing cyst bone resorption of
affected teeth & occasional resorption of adj.
teeth may be seen.

24. • It presents a well defined,spherical
shaped,radiolucent area in dentine which
usually continuous with the pulp
• Enlargement of root canal
• Original root canal outline is distored

27. Calcifications presenting as distinct intra-
chamber (or less often intra-canal)
radiopacities are known as pulp stones

28. The shape of the invagination varying from a
narrow and undilated fissure to a
tear-shaped loop pointing towards the main
body of the pulp