This document contains questions from several lectures related to thoracic anatomy: 1. Questions cover the anatomy of structures like the thoracic outlet, internal thoracic artery, intercostal arteries and veins, muscles of respiration, lungs and pleura, heart, mediastinum, large blood vessels, nerves of the thorax, esophagus, and azygos system. 2. The questions test knowledge of the origins, courses, relations, branches and clinical importance of these various thoracic structures. 3. Incomplete statements about the anatomy are also included to be filled in, relating to topics like the root of the lung, bronchial and pulmonary arterial supply, coronary arterial distribution, and veins drain

1. Questions
thorax
2011
By
Dr. Noura El Tahawy
MD., Ph.D.,

2. Dr. Noura El Tahawy
Questions
(on lecture 1 Thoracic wall)
1. Account on the anatomy of superior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet):
(boundaries, contents& clinical importance)
2. Account on thoracic outlet syndrome
3. Account on Cervical rib syndrome
4. Enumerate the posterior relations of the manubrium sterni
5. What are the relations of the body of the sternum
6. Mention the structures of the thoracic cavity that are located at the
level of the lower border of T4 vertebra (at the level of the sternal
angel)
2

3. Dr. Noura El Tahawy
Questions
on lecture 2 the thoracic wall & diaphragm
1. Enumerate the important muscles of normal respiration.
- Mention the action of each muscle & its role in changing the
diameters of the chest during respiration
2. Give short account on the anatomy of the internal thoracic artery
(origin, course, branches & termination)
3. Complete the following statements:
A. ---- The Internal mammary artery arises from
………………………………..……. …
Its branches include: 1. ……. 2………… 3……….. 4…… 5……
B ---- The anterior intercostal arteries arise from:
1……………..
2……………..
C -- The posterior intercostal arteries arise from:
1. …………………
2………………….
D--- The posterior intercostal veins drain into ………….…& ……
veins. While the anterior intercostal veins drain into ……………. &
……………. veins
E -- A needle inserted into the pleural cavity at the anterior axillary
line will pass through the following structures:
3 1. ……….. 2……… 3………. 4………… 5. ……. 6…
7…….. 8 ……..

4. Dr. Noura El Tahawy
Questions (cont.)
3. Complete the following statements:
F. Branches of the typical Intercostal nerve include:
1…….. 2……3……4….………5 ……
G----- Intercostal nerve block at the level of the second intercostal
space will result in:
1. ……………. & 2 ……………..
H…. The nerve supply of the diaphragm include:
1. ………………….. 2………………..
I. The vena caval opening of the diaphragm is locate at the level of
vertebra. The opening transmits the following structures
1….. ……… 2 ……
J.. The aortic opening of the diaphragm is located at the level of ….
Vertebra. The opening transmits the following structures:
1………… 2……….. 3…….
K. The esophageal opening of the diaphragm lies opposite …. vertebra.
It transmits 1…….. 2……….3…………….
L.. The diaphragm originated from …….., ……………, …………
& inserted into ……
M. The contraction of the diaphragm leads to …..………….. diameter
of chest during……… while its relaxation leads to …
4
…….diameter of the chest during ………..

5. Dr. Noura El Tahawy
Questions
(on lecture 3; lungs & pleura)
• Mention the surface anatomy of the lungs & pleura
• Give an account on the anatomy of broncho-pulmonary
segments& their clinical importance
• Give an account on the relations of the medial surface of the
Right lung
• Give an account on the relations of the medial surface of the
Left lung
• Complete the following statements;
--- Nerve supply of the parietal pleura is ………….…, while that
of pulmonary (visceral) pleura is ……….
----- The root of the lung lies opposite …, ….., ….... vertebrae.
---- The structures passing through the hilum of the lung are:
1 …………….... 2 ……………..3 ………….4 ……….
5 …………….6………..
-----The arterial supply of the lung is derived from
……………………artery, which is a branch from ………... …. In
the right lung & from …………………..…… in the left lung
----- The pulmonary veins drain into …………….. while the
bronchial veins drain into ……….
5

6. Dr. Noura El Tahawy
Questions
(on lecture 4; Anatomy of the heart)
1. Give a short account on the anatomy of the followings:
- - Right atrium (relations, exterior, interior & blood supply)
-- Left ventricle (relations, exterior, interior& blood supply)
- -- Conducting system of the heart
---- Fibrous skeleton of the heart
--- Blood supply of the heart
2. What is the surface anatomy of the heart &its valves
3. Complete the following statements:
--- The distribution of the right coronary artery include:
1. …………. 2. ……… … 3……..……4…………
--- The distribution of the left coronary artery include:
1……………… 2……………. 3……………… 4………
----- Sinoatrial node is ………………… & is usually supplied
by a branch from ………… artery
---- the coronary sinus opens into………… Its tributaries are :
1………….. 2 ………… 3… ……… 4…………. 5…..
6

7. Questions
(Lecture 5; Mediastinum& large blood vessels of the heart)
Mediastinum:
1. Give an account on the anatomy of the followings:
1- Boundaries& contents of the superior mediastinum
2. boundaries& contents of the middle mediastinum
3. boundaries & contents of the posterior mediastinum
. Large blood vessles of the heart:
1. Give an account on the anatomy of the followings:
- Arch of the aorta (position, beginning, end, relations& branches)
- Ascending aorta ( beginning, end, relations& branches)
-- Surface anatomy of the aorta
2. Complete the following statements:
-- The superior vena cava is formed by the union of …….&
………veins, opposite …….
--- The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the union of …….… & …
veins, opposite …….….joint.
---- The inferior vena cava pass through …… at the level of …..
vertebra to enter..……
7

8. Questions
(Lectures 6& 7; posterior mediastinum& nerves of thorax )
1. Give short account on the anatomy of the followings:
1. Thoracic part of the vagus nerve (course, relations& branches)
2. Thoracic part of the phrenic nerve (origin, course, relations&
branches)
2. Complete the following statements:
--- The descending thoracic aorta begins at the level of ………. vertebra
& ends at the level of ………. vertebrae.
---- The branches of the descending thoracic aorta include:
1. ……….. 2…….. 3…………… 4… …………5 ……
6… ……… 7 ……
---- Sites of normal esophageal constrictions are:
1. ……….. 2……………. 3………… 4……………
---- The posterior relations of the esophagus include:
1. ……………. 2…………. 3…………… 4…………..
----- The anterior relations of the esophagus include:
1…………….. 2………….. 3………………. 4…………
---- The thoracic sympathetic ganglia give the following branches:
1…………………. 2………………….
---- The azygos vein is usually formed by the union of ………….. &
……..… veins .
It empties into …………. ..
----- The main tributaries of the azygoz vein are:
1. …………. 2………… 3………. 4………
---- The superior hemiazygos vein is formed by the union of …………
veins & ends in …… vein.
----- The inferior hemiazygos vein is formed by the union of …… &…..
8 Veins & ends in ……… vein
----- the tributaries of the inferior hemiazygos include …………. &
………... veins