1) The document reviews a journal article that examines the effects of using short stories on non-English major university students' speaking and writing skills. 2) The study used a quasi-experimental design with 40 undergraduate students assigned to either an experiment group that learned with short stories or a control group. 3) Results found that using short stories for one semester improved students' speaking and writing abilities compared to the control group who did not use short stories.

1. A REVIEW ON A JOURNAL ARTICLE
By Abdul Najib Tuanany

3. EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN
Pre-experimental
Quasi-
experimental
True
experimental

4. Variables
Independen
(X)
Dependend
(Y)

5. • Control….to arrange a situation in which the effect of
manipulated variable on a dependent variable can be
investigated.
• Manipulation (of an independent variable)
It is a deliberate or intentional operation performed by the
experimenter Treatment
• Observation and Measurement Dependent Variable

6. • Basis for the distinction:
• Degree of control applied by the researcher
• Whether randomization is done or not.
• Degree of control refers to the degree of the
researcher control over other variables that are not
investigated but may influence the result of
experiment.
• Randomization refers to the random procedure in
assigning subjects into the control and experimental
groups.

7. • A Quasi-Experimental Study on Using Short Stories:
Statistical and Inferential Analyses on the Non-
English Major University Students’ Speaking and
Writing Achievement
• Written By Jaya Nur Iman
• Published in International Journal of Languages’
Education and Teaching
Volume 5, Issue 1, April2017, p. 421-433

8. Data Source
• Short Stories
Research Methodology
• Quasi Experiments
Sample Data
• 40 Undergraduate Students of the 1st Semester of
Urban and Regional Planning Study Program of Indo
Global Mandiri University (Non-English department)
20 Students as Experiment Group
20 Students as Control Group

9. Research Time
• One Semester of active and learning
process
Research Aim
• Increasing Students’ Speaking and
Writing Skills

10. Control of
other variables
Randomizati
on
Design
NO NO Pre-experimental
YES YES True experimental
YES NO Quasi-experimental
NO YES Quasi-experimental

11. • X = independent variable or the treatment.
• E = experimental group (group that receives the
treatment)
• C = control group (group that DOES NOT receive the
treatment)
• S = subjects
• R = randomization/random assignment
• Mr = matching of subjects
• Y = measurement

12. •The simple ED will observe at least two
variables and two participant group.
•Two variables  Independent & Dependent
•Two Groups  experimental & control
Independent variable manipulation can
only be done to the experimental group.

13. a. One-group pretest-posttest design
Y1 X Y2
b. Static group comparison design
E X Y2
C ▬ Y2

14. The true-
experimental
designs can
be classified
as:
randomized subjects posttest-only control group design,
randomized matched subjects posttest-only control group
design,
randomized subjects pretest-posttest control group design,
Solomon three-group design,
Solomon four-group design,
simple factorial designs.

15. Randomized subjects, posttest-only control
group design is illustrated as follows:
(R) E X Y2
(R) C ▬ Y2