This document provides an overview of the role of a quantity surveyor (QS). It discusses that a QS calculates construction costs and quantities of materials and labor needed based on design drawings. They prepare bill of quantities and cost estimates to manage costs. A QS works with various parties like engineers, contractors, and clients. The document also describes the different types of drawings a QS reviews like preliminary, tender drawings and contract documents at various stages of a construction project from planning to tender selection and contract agreement.
For our first ICI (Introduction to Industry) and ITD (Introduction to Drawing), in a group of six, we were to carry out a research on quantity surveyors and give a presentation about what is their job about and what they do.
For our first ICI (Introduction to Industry) and ITD (Introduction to Drawing), in a group of six, we were to carry out a research on quantity surveyors and give a presentation about what is their job about and what they do.
I cappotti per le case a energia quasi zero: la sostenibilità dell’isolamento, la corretta progettazione, la posa a regola d’arte, le prestazioni tecniche e le tipologie
I cappotti per le case a energia quasi zero: la sostenibilità dell’isolamento, la corretta progettazione, la posa a regola d’arte, le prestazioni tecniche e le tipologie
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. Project
1:
Introduction
to
Drawings
&
Construction
Industry
• Cynthia
Fong
(group
leader)
• Nur
Azreen
• Michelle
Ee
• Lim
Zia
Huei
• Nadhirah
• Riven
Hau
2. • a
person
trained
to
What is
QS?
calculate
construction
measurement
like
a
calculator
• work
closely
with
landscape
architects/designers,
engineers
and
builders
• calculates
the
cost
and
quantity
of
materials
and
labour
needed
• read
design
drawings
to
estimate
cost
of
project
3. • measurements
&
estimations
Roles &
Responsibilities
• manage
&
control
cost
within
construction
project
• produces
Bill
of
Quantities
(BQ)
• preparing
and
analyzing
costing
for
tender
• study
drawings
about
new
buildings
before
construction
project
starts
6. • ensure
project
is
possible,
technically
&
Oinancially
• carry
out
studies
of
requirements,
site
conditions,
planning
design
&
cost
Purposes:
Task to be done:
7. Outline Proposal
Task to be done:
• develop
the
brief
further
• carry
out
studies
on
user
requirements,
technical
problems,
planning,
design
&
costs
Purposes:
• determine
general
approach
to
layout,
design
&
construction
• obtain
authoritative
approval
from
client
on
the
outline
proposals
and
accompanying
report
8. Purposes: Task to be done:
• complete
brief
&
decide
on
proposals
(planning
arrangement,
appearance,
constructional
method,
outline
speciOication
&
cost)
• obtain
all
approvals
• full
design
of
the
project
by
architect
• preliminary
design
(engineers)
• preparation
of
cost
plan
• full
explanatory
report
• submission
of
proposals
9. • obtain
Oinal
decision
on
every
matter
related
to
design,
speciOication,
construction
&
cost
• complete
cost
checking
of
designs
Purposes:
Task to be done:
12. 1. Architectural drawings
v It
is
a
technical
drawing
of
a
building
that
an
architect
draw
according
to
the
clients’
requirements.
ü QS
will
have
to
then
estimate
the
cost
of
the
building
while
mechanical
engineers
&
structural
engineers
prepare
the
structural
requirements
etc.
13. 2. Tender drawings
When
the
clients
agree
to
the
preliminary
drawings,
the
drawings
are
then
proceeded
to
a
more
developed
one
&
with
clearer
details.
Tender
drawings
are
therefore
completed:
developed
architectural
drawings
+
the
structural
engineer’s
drawing
+
M&E
engineer’s
drawing
If
clients
disagree,
redesign
until
meets
requirements
ü These
are
then
ready
for
bidding
and
QS
will
quantify
&
cost
out
of
building.
14. Bills of
Quantities (BQ)
• provides
fair
&
accurate
system
for
cost
analysis
• assists
tenderes
in
the
calculation
of
tender
• issued
to
tenderes
to
prepare
price
15. ü after
bidding,
QS
will
run
through
another
quick
tender
evaluation
which
actually
means
QS
will
evaluate
&
Oilter
the
tender
once
more.
ü a
suitable
contractor
is
then
selected
by
comparing
the
BQs
for
reasonable
prices
as
well
as
good
quality
16. Contract
is
the
buying
organization
and
the
supplier
setting
out
what
services
and
products
the
supplier
is
contracted
to
deliver
The
formal
agreement
between
the
and
within
the
contract
price.
tender
drawings
are
converted
into
contract
drawings
with
an
appendix
if
necessary.
3. Contract documents