The document discusses the differences between project phases, project teams, and construction phases in building projects. It defines project phases as collections of goal-oriented activities with milestones, project teams as consisting of various professionals like architects and engineers led by the architect, and construction phase as having steps from groundbreaking to testing and commissioning. It then outlines the typical stages in a project phase according to Malaysian standards and details the roles and responsibilities of project team members in each project and construction phase.

1. BIA1021
Materials & Construction 1
for
Bachelor of Science of Architecture
Session 2022/23, Semester 1
1 November 2022 (Week 3)

2. What differentiates Project Phase, Project Teams and
Construction Phase?

3. Project Phase
• The term Project Phase refers to a collection of activities within a
project. Each project phase is goal-oriented and ends at a milestone.
Reaching these milestones means the project progresses. Each phase
can be divided into sub-phases.

4. Project Team
• Generally, the Project Team consists of you - the building owner; an
architect; an engineer; an interior designer; and a contractor.
Depending on the size and scope of the project, other professionals
may be called in as needed (cost estimators, landscape architects,
construction managers, etc.) Within the Malaysian Building
Construction context, the Architect is the leader.
• Construction Team?

5. Construction Phase
• Construction Phase has a list of steps and stages from ground
breaking stage until testing and commissioning stage of any building
project. The steps and stages have its own hierarchy and order to
ensure the construction goes smoothly and according to the plan.

6. What are the 5 stages of a project phase?

7. Five stages of project phase
•Initiation
•Planning
•Execution
•Monitoring And Control
•Closure

8. Stages in Project Phase
According to the Scale of Minimum Fees (SOMF 2010) the basic
services that may be provided by the architectural consultancy practice
shall be for any or all of the following phases:
• (a) Schematic Design Phase;
• (b) Design Development Phase;
• (c) Contract Documentation Phase;
• (d) Contract Implementation and Management Phase;
• (e) Final Completion Phase.

9. Project Stages
Upon completion of each phase - Percentage of total fee payable
• Schematic Design Phase - 15%
• Design Development Phase - 30%
• Contract Documentation Phase - 25%
• Contract Implementation and Management Phase - 25%
• Final Completion Phase - 5%

10. Schematic Design Phase
The Basic Services that may be provided by the architectural
consultancy practice under the Schematic Design Phase shall be any or
all of the following:
• (a) taking the client's instructions and analyzing the project brief;
• (b) preparing preliminary conceptual sketch proposals to interpret
the project brief;

11. Schematic Design Phase (Cont.)
• (c) developing the preliminary conceptual sketch proposals into
sketch designs to a stage sufficient to enable an application to be
made for planning approval or approval in principle as required under
any relevant laws;
• (d) preparing preliminary estimates of the probable construction
costs based on the current area, volume or other unit costs;
• (e) where applicable, preparing and submitting drawings and other
necessary documents to the relevant approving authorities for either
town planning approval or approval in principle as required under any
relevant laws.

12. Design Development Phase
The Basic Services that may be provided by the architectural
consultancy practice under the Design Development Phase shall be any
or all of the following:
• (a) upon approval of the sketch designs by either the relevant
approving authority or the client, developing schematic design
drawings to a stage to enable other consultants to commence their
detailed design work;
• (b) preparing working drawings and submitting the same together
with all the necessary particulars to the relevant approving
authorities to obtain building approval;

13. Design Development Phase (Cont.)
• (c) updating the preliminary estimates of construction costs and
submitting the same to the client for his approval;
• (d) updating the project planning and implementation schedule and
submitting the same to the client for his approval.

14. Contract Documentation Phase
The Basic Services that may be provided by the architectural
consultancy practice under the Contract Documentation Phase shall be
any or all of the following:
• (a) upon approval by the client of the updated preliminary estimates
of construction costs and the project planning and implementation
schedule, preparing and finalizing detailed drawings and other
particulars necessary to the stage of completion sufficient to enable
bills of quantities to be prepared;
• (b) in collaboration with other consultants, preparing all documents
necessary for obtaining competitive tenders for the works;

15. Contract Documentation Phase (Cont.)
• (c) inviting, on behalf of the client, tenders for the works or
collaborating with other consultants engaged by the client to do so;
• (d) evaluating the results of the tenders and submitting a report and
recommendation to the client;
• (e) awarding the contract on behalf of the client;
• (f) preparing the building contract documents, either alone or in
collaboration with other consultants appointed by the client, for
signature between the client and the contractor.

16. Contract Implementation and Management
Phase
The Basic Services that may be provided by the architectural
consultancy practice under the Contract Implementation and
Management Phase shall be any or all of the following:
• (a) performing all functions and duties of the architectural
consultancy practice under the terms and conditions of the building
contract;
• (b) advising the client on the site staff required for the project and
estimating the cost and duration of their employment;

17. Contract Implementation and Management
Phase (Cont.)
• (c) providing information and issuing instructions to the contractor as
required under the terms and conditions of the building contract to
enable the contractor to proceed with the works;
• (d) examining the works programme submitted by the contractor and
to be satisfied that the works can reasonably be completed within the
contract period;
• (e) inspecting the works at periodic intervals so as to ensure that the
works are being executed in accordance with the building contract
and to issue a certificate of practical completion.

18. Final Completion Phase
The Basic Services that may be provided by the architectural
consultancy practice under the Final Completion Phase shall be any or
all of the following:
• (a) issuing a certificate of completion and compliance for building
after being satisfied that the building is fit and safe for occupancy;
• (b) certifying as-built drawings and submitting maintenance manuals
together with all warranties to the client;
• (c) issuing a certificate of making good defects after being satisfied
that all defects to the building have 'been rectified; (d) preparing final
accounts for the contract and issuing a final certificate of payment to
the contractor.

19. Who are the project team members?

20. The Project Team
• The construction of a building
involves many people: Architects;
Designers; Engineers;
Contractors; Sub-Contractors all
working together to meet the
needs of the Client.
• Anyone else?

21. Project Team Members
Schematic Design Phase
• Land Surveyor,
• SI Consultant,
• Architect,
• Civil Engineer,
• Structure Engineer,
• Mechanical Engineer,
• Electrical Engineer,
• Landscape Architect,
• Interior Designer.

22. Project Team Members
Design Development Phase
• Architect,
• Civil Engineer,
• Structure Engineer,
• Mechanical Engineer,
• Electrical Engineer,
• Quantity Surveyor,
• Landscape Architect,
• Interior Designer.

23. Project Team Members
Contract Documentation Phase
• Architect,
• Civil Engineer,
• Structure Engineer,
• Mechanical Engineer,
• Electrical Engineer,
• Quantity Surveyor.

24. Construction Team Members
Contract Implementation and Management Phase
• Architect,
• Resident Architect,
• Clerk of Works (COW),
• Civil Engineer,
• Structure Engineer,
• Resident Engineer,
• Mechanical Engineer,
• Electrical Engineer,
• Main Contractor
• Sub-Contractor
• Suppliers
• Labourers
A clerk of works inspects the workmanship, quality and safety
of work on construction sites and reports back to senior
managers and clients.
A clerk of work conducts regular site inspections and checks
that building plans are being followed correctly.
Check that work is being carried out to the correct
specifications and legal, safety and environmental standards.

25. Final Completion Phase
• Architect,
• Civil Engineer,
• Structure Engineer,
• Mechanical Engineer,
• Electrical Engineer,
• Contractor
• BOMBA
• ???
Construction Team Members

26. Certificate of Completion and Compliance
(CCC)

27. What are the stages involved in a building
construction?

28. 1. Transferring Info from Drawing to Site

29. Stages in Construction

30. 2. Site Preparation, Leveling and Setting Out
Survey, security and prepare necessary equipment.

31. 3. Excavation
Earthwork for foundation and ground beam, prepare concreting and building material to site

32. 2. Foundation
Piling, ground beams, waterproofing membrane

33. Concreting the columns, remove the formworks
and soil filling

34. 5. Sub-structure
All ground beams and structure for super structure works

35. 6. Super Structure-post and beams
All columns and beams above ground

36. 7. Walls
Infill brick work and partition.

37. 8. Second Floor Construction

38. 9. Roofs
Roof beams,
roof-pitch, flat or
special type.

39. 10. Internal finishes
Plastering, tiling and paintings

40. 11. Tiling and painting works
Decorative paint, special paint or no-paint at all.

41. 12.Completion.
Checking all completed work, testing and commissioning, handover to client/user.

42. Thank You!