A coordinate system uses imaginary lines on Earth's surface to determine locations. The main lines are latitudes which run parallel east-west of the equator and measure angles north and south, longitudes which run perpendicular north-south through the poles and measure angles east and west of the prime meridian, the equator which divides the northern and southern hemispheres, and the prime meridian which divides the eastern and western hemispheres.

1. Science 7
4th Quarter

2. COORDINATE SYSTEM
Coordinate system is an arrangement of reference lines or imaginary
lines on the globe. By means of coordinate system the position or location of
any place on Earth’s surface can be determined and described.
Imaginary lines on the globe are the following: latitude, longitude,
equator, and prime meridian.

3. COORDINATE SYSTEM
Latitude
Latitudes are horizontal lines; it is
progressive angular measurements
north or south of the equator.
Latitudes are imaginary lines running
from east to west on the Earth’s
surface.

4. COORDINATE SYSTEM
Lines of latitude are often referred
to as parallels, this is because
latitude is a
line that runs parallel to the equator
and never intersects. Parallels get
smaller
towards the poles than closer to the
equator. Latitude is measured in
degrees

5. COORDINATE SYSTEM
Longitude
Longitudes are vertical lines; it gives the
measurements east or west of the
Prime Meridian. Longitudes are imaginary
lines running from the North Pole to the
South Pole. Lines of longitude are often
referred to as meridians.
Meridians are important for setting time
zones. Longitudes are measured in
equal degrees per line.

6. COORDINATE SYSTEM
Equator
An imaginary line dividing the earth’s
surface into two hemispheres; Northern
Hemisphere (half of the globe from equator
to North Pole) and Southern Hemisphere
(half of the globe from equator to South
Pole).
Equator is located at zero degree (0º). With
the Equator as the reference point,
the North Pole lies at 90°N and the South
Pole lies at 90°S.

7. COORDINATE SYSTEM

8. COORDINATE SYSTEM
Prime Meridian
An imaginary line dividing the earth’s surface into two
hemispheres; Western Hemisphere and Easter
Hemisphere.
Prime meridian serves as a reference point for measuring the
distance east or west, located at zero degree (0º) at Greenwich,
England. The farthest point eastwards from the Prime Meridian is
expressed as 180°E and the farthest point westward is expressed
as 180°W.