This document discusses the geographic coordinate system used to locate points on Earth. It describes latitude and longitude, which are the foundation of this system. Latitude lines run horizontally and measure positions north and south of the equator, which is 0 degrees latitude. Longitude lines run vertically and measure positions east and west of the prime meridian, which is 0 degrees longitude and passes through Greenwich, England. By combining a point's latitude and longitude coordinates, its exact position can be identified on a world map or globe. The document provides examples of latitude and longitude coordinates for the Philippines and other locations.

1. Geographic Coordinate system
Longitude, Latitude, Equator, Prime
Meridian

2. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students
should be able to:
• differentiate latitude from longitude;
• describe the location of the Philippines
using latitude and longitude; and
• determine the location of different
places using coordinates.

3. Competencies:
• The Philippine Archipelago
(location)
• Location of different places
using a coordinate system

5. Coordinate System
- is a reference system used to
represent the locations of geographic
features, imagery, and locations within
a common geographic framework.
Coordinate System

6. Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)
- is the most common coordinate system
that uses degrees of latitude and
longitude to describe a location on the
earth’s surface.
- is a three-dimensional reference system
that locates points on the Earth's
surface.
Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)
- is the most common coordinate system
that uses degrees of latitude and
longitude to describe a location on the
earth’s surface.
- is a three-dimensional reference system
that locates points on the Earth's
surface.

17. Reference Line
• Equator
- is the imaginary line running east
and west where the diameter of the globe
is greatest.

18. Reference Line
• Prime Meridian
- is the imaginary line running from
pole to pole and passing through
Greenwich, a section of London, England.

19. Prime Meridian

20. - The unit of measure
is usually decimal
degrees.
- A point has two
coordinate values:
latitude and
longitude. Latitude
and longitude
measure angles.
Geographic Coordinate System (GCS)

21. • Maps – instruments based on a coordinate
system, a method much like the Cartesian
method of plotting X and Y Points.

22. Latitude and Longitude

24. Latitude
• Lines of Latitude run
horizontally
• Latitude is measured in degrees.
• The Equator is 0 degree Latitude.
• Lines of Latitude locate places North
or South of the Equator.
• The North Pole is 90 degrees N
Latitude, and the South Pole is 90
degrees S Latitude.
Latitude

25. Latitude
Latitude lines are
also called parallels
because on a globe,
latitude lines never
touch each other —
they are parallel to
each other.
Distance bet. the
lines of latitude is
constant to
111.12km (60
nautical miles)
Latitude

26. Five Divisions

27. Five Divisions

28. Longitude
• Lines of Longitude run
vertically.
• They are also called Meridians.
• The Prime Meridian is found in
Greenwich, England.
• The Prime Meridian is 0 degrees
Longitude.

29. Longitude
The measurement
that tells you how
far you are east
or west of the
Prime Meridian
(the thick line
that passes
through
Greenwich,
England and part
of Africa).

30. Lines of Longitude
• The Prime Meridian (0°) and
the 180° IDL split the earth
into the Western Hemisphere
and Eastern Hemisphere.
• They are not parallels (like
latitude lines), since they
actually all touch each other on
the north and south ends of
the earth.
• Lines from pole to pole are
called meridians

31. Graticule
- is the network of lines of latitude and
longitude upon which map is drawn.
- graticule on the are divided into 180
equal sections from north to south.
- each hemisphere is divided into 90
equal sections.

33. By combining latitude and longitude, any location
can be pinpointed.

34. • In order to accomplish level of
accuracy of describing certain location
on the globe, degrees are divided into
minutes(')and seconds (").
60’ = 1°
60’’ = 1’
3600’’ = 1°
Example: 12° 52' 46.9956'' N
121° 46' 26.4612'' E
DMS

35. Putting Latitude and Longitude Together
West East
North
South

36. Combine the latitude and longitude to
determine the coordinate.

37. Combine the latitude and longitude to
determine the coordinate.
12.879721 ° N,
121.774017 °E

41. Application:
• Philippines is in
the Northern
Hemisphere
because it is north
of the Equator. It
is in the Eastern
Hemisphere
because it is east
of the Prime
Meridian.

42. Evaluation:
I. Identification:
1.What do lines of Latitude and
Longitude combine to make?
2.Compare and Contrast Latitude
and Longitude.
3.What is 0 degrees Latitude?
4.What is 0 degrees Longitude?

44. III. Use world map or globe.
A. Identify the city nearest to the ff. coordinates.
1.280 N, 770 E
2.60 S, 1060 E
3.230 N, 820 W
B. Determine the coordinates of the ff. city.
1.Abu Dhabi 2. Bangkok 3. Buenos Aires