PV physic.pptx
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This document provides an overview of the physics of photovoltaic (PV) cells. It begins by outlining the learning objectives of explaining basics of PV technology, understanding semiconductors, and explaining doping and the PN-junction. It then covers topics like the photoelectric effect, basics of semiconductors using silicon as an example, intrinsic and extrinsic conductivity through doping with boron and phosphorus to create the PN-junction. The final section discusses how light is absorbed in the P-layer to accelerate electrons to the N-layer through an external circuit and back to the P-layer, generating a voltage and current.
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This document discusses the design of closed-loop control for region 2 operation of a wind turbine using a continuously variable transmission (CVT). It motivates using a CVT to reduce the cost of wind energy and improve capture. It outlines presenting the modeling of the rotor-drivetrain-generator system and developing closed-loop CVT control. The performance of the full modeled system is analyzed through simulations using 10 minutes of recorded wind data.
Presentation-for-teachers.pptx
Uneven heating of the Earth's surface and its rotation cause global wind patterns and local wind variations. As air rises and falls on the planet, pressure differences drive global wind circulation. Additional localized patterns arise from terrain and other surface factors. Wind speed generally increases with height until turbulence decreases it again near the tropopause. The density of air decreases with increases in altitude and temperature. This document discusses how to calculate the power available in wind and energy production from wind resources using power curves and wind speed data. Key factors in the economics of wind energy projects are the levelized cost of energy and the capacity factor.
62-power-semiconductor-devices.ppt
The document provides information about various power semiconductor devices. It begins with an overview of topics covered, which include semiconductor devices, controlled rectifiers, DC choppers, inverters, and AC choppers. It then discusses numerous power semiconductor devices in detail, including their structures, characteristics, and applications. Devices covered include power diodes, power transistors (BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs, SITs), thyristors (SCRs, triacs, GTOs, SITHs, MCTs), and provides comparisons of their performance and specifications. The document aims to educate about the operating principles and applications of important power electronics components.
basicsinstrumentandcontrol-170425220125.pptx
The document provides an overview of an instrumentation and control course, including topics such as pressure, flow, level, and temperature measurement, as well as control valves, loops, and systems. The course contents section details concepts related to process measurement and control, including control loops and components, classifications of control loops, piping and instrumentation diagrams, and basic process measurement terminology.
62-power-semiconductor-devices (1).ppt
The document discusses various power semiconductor devices. It covers topics such as power diodes, power transistors including BJTs, MOSFETs, IGBTs, and SITs. For each device type, it discusses the basic structure, V-I characteristics, and applications. It also covers thyristors such as SCR, TRIAC, GTO, and their working principles including forward and reverse blocking modes, and triggering methods. The document contains detailed information on the structural features and operating characteristics of various important power semiconductor devices.
Lecture-slides_-Literature-review (1).pptx
This document provides a 5-step guide to conducting a literature review. It explains that a literature review surveys scholarly sources on a topic, provides an overview of current knowledge, and identifies gaps. The 5 steps are: 1) searching for relevant literature using keywords and databases; 2) evaluating and selecting sources; 3) identifying themes, debates and gaps; 4) outlining the structure; and 5) writing the literature review, which typically includes an introduction, body and conclusion. The document emphasizes finding trends over time, engaging with debates, and discussing implications and suggestions for future research.
LoadModeling.ppt
This document provides an overview of load modeling and induction motor modeling. It discusses how load modeling is important for transient stability simulations but challenging due to the diverse and changing nature of loads. Static load models like the ZIP model are commonly used to represent aggregate load behavior. Induction motors make up a large portion of load and can be modeled statically or dynamically, with the dynamic model typically being a third-order model that neglects stator transients. The document provides details on modeling differences between induction motors and synchronous machines. It also discusses stalled motor operation during voltage disturbances.
LoadModeling (1).ppt
This document provides an overview of load modeling and induction motor modeling. It discusses how load modeling is important for transient stability simulations but challenging due to the diverse and changing nature of loads. Static load models like the ZIP model are commonly used to represent aggregate load behavior. Induction motors make up a large portion of load and can be modeled statically or dynamically, with the dynamic model typically being a third-order model that neglects stator transients. The document provides details on modeling considerations and differences between modeling induction motors versus synchronous machines.
facts__unit-5_and_6.pptx
The document discusses Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). It defines FACTS as power electronic devices used to improve controllability and increase power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. It describes several types of FACTS devices including static var compensators (SVCs), static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), and unified power flow controllers (UPFCs). The document compares the characteristics of SVCs and STATCOMs, noting STATCOMs provide faster response time, require less space, and can exchange real power, while SVCs have lower losses.
chapter_33_alternating_current_circuits_0.pptx
A capacitor in an AC circuit leads the voltage by 90 degrees. As frequency increases, capacitive reactance decreases and maximum current increases. For a 2-μF capacitor connected to a 120-V, 60-Hz source, the effective current is 90.5 mA and peak current is 128 mA.
Tranp.pptx
This document discusses the characteristics and performance of power transmission lines. It defines short, medium, and long transmission lines based on their length and voltage levels. It describes how the line constants of resistance, inductance, and capacitance affect voltage drop and power losses. Methods for calculating voltage regulation, line losses, and transmission efficiency are presented for short lines using a lumped parameter model and for medium lines using nominal T and pi models that lump the distributed capacitance. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculations for short and medium line performance.
ECE4762011_Lect14.ppt
1) This lecture discusses power flow analysis and modeling voltage dependent loads. It introduces the Newton-Raphson power flow method and approximations like the decoupled power flow and fast decoupled power flow that reduce computation time.
2) The professor announces upcoming homework and exam details. Voltage dependent loads are modeled using their real and reactive power as functions of voltage magnitude and angle.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate modeling a constant impedance load and solving a two bus system using the dishonest Newton-Raphson method where the Jacobian is only calculated on the first iteration.
powerflowproblem.ppt
1) This lecture discusses power flow analysis and modeling voltage dependent loads. It introduces the Newton-Raphson power flow method and approximations like the decoupled power flow and fast decoupled power flow that reduce computation time.
2) The professor announces upcoming homework and exam details. Voltage dependent loads are modeled using their real and reactive power as functions of voltage magnitude and angle.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate modeling a constant impedance load and solving a two bus system using the dishonest Newton-Raphson method where the Jacobian is only calculated on the first iteration.
Load_Flow.pptx
Power flow studies analyze the steady state operation of power systems by calculating the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus. They use numerical methods like Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson to solve the nonlinear power flow equations iteratively. Power flow studies classify buses as load buses with specified real and reactive power, generator/voltage controlled buses that control voltage magnitude, and a reference slack bus that balances the system.
NSECOMPILED QUESTIONS.pdf
The document discusses various topics related to electrical engineering concepts like insulation, breakdown mechanisms, testing methods, and tariff structures. Some key points:
1) It discusses different theories of insulation breakdown like formative time lag, statistical time lag, Paschen's law, bubble theory, and stressed oil volume theory.
2) It covers insulation testing methods like breakdown tests and impulse testing used to evaluate insulation strength.
3) It explains different tariff structures used for electricity billing like two-part tariff, three-part tariff, block rate tariff and their advantages or disadvantages.
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- 1. PHYSICS OF PV CELLS SOLAR PV INSTALLATION SUPERVISION .............Power Trainer with a difference 1
- 2. Learning outcomes Explain basics of PV Technology understand semi conductors Explain doping Understand the PN-Junction At the end of this lesson, the participant be able to: Participants: Engineers and Technologist .............Power Trainer with a difference 2 Duration: 1:30
- 3. .............Power Trainer with a difference 3 Course structure • Theoretical session • Quiz at intervals • Practical & Field work • Group work CONTENT DELIVERY METHODS: Presentation Slides, Demonstration, Discussion and Videos EVALUATION METHOD: Quiz , Group work andTake home assignment
- 4. Photoelectric Effect Exposure to light resulting to generation of electricity within the molecular structure due to the impact of photons. Mostly exhibited by Group IV element of Periodic table. .............Power Trainer with a difference 4
- 5. Basics of Semiconductors Conductor Semiconductor Insulator Silicon (Si) Mostly occurs as silicate compound such as sand Most common element in universe by mass 2nd most commom element in earth crust Group IV, III &V, II&VI as in Si, Ge, GaAs, CdTe .............Power Trainer with a difference 5
- 6. Pure Silicon(Instrinsic) All valence electrons used for bonding Electrons can break free by minimum energy excitation called band gap Intrinsic conductivity is low (movement of electrons very limited) Not usable for PV .............Power Trainer with a difference 6
- 7. Visible Light Photon An excited electron from the valence shell into the conduction band all through the molecular structure Visible Light Photon Si Si .............Power Trainer with a difference 7
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- 10. Fused together P-layer(+) N-layer(-) Movement of electrons to fill holes PN- Junction formation .............Power Trainer with a difference 10
- 11. .............Power Trainer with a difference 11 Boron atoms with 6 electrons(-vely charged) Phosphorus atoms with 14 electrons(+vely charged) Movement of charge Carriers
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- 13. .............Power Trainer with a difference 13 Light, mostly absorbed in p-layer
- 14. .............Power Trainer with a difference 14 Electrons accelerated to n-layer
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