Introduction to Power Electronics Students Version.ppt

Relationship of Power Electronics
1/24/2024
2

POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
• As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated
circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become
wider. There are already many power semiconductor devices that are
commercially available, however, the development in this direction is continuing.
• The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall
generally into four categories :
-AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier)
-DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper)
-AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator)
-DC to AC Converter (Inverter)
• The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the
power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated by
the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the control
strategy.

Power Electronics Application
• Power Electronics defined as the application of solid-
state (devices) electronics for the control and conversion
of electric power.
• Power electronics have already found an important place
in modern technology and are now used in a great
variety of high-power product, including heat controls,
light controls, electric motor control, power supplies,
vehicle propulsion system and high voltage direct current
(HVDC) systems.

POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING DEVICES
1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)
2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)
3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,
MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)
4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)
5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)
6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)
7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)

• Diode Rectifiers. A diode rectifier circuit converts AC voltage into a fixed DC voltage.
The input voltage to rectifier could be either single phase or three phase.
• AC to DC Converters. An AC to DC converter circuit can convert AC
voltage into a DC voltage. The DC output voltage can be controlled by varying the
firing angle of the thyristors. The AC input voltage could be a single phase or three
phase.
• AC to AC Converters. This converters can convert from a fixed ac input voltage into
variable AC output voltage. The output voltage is controlled by varying firing angle of
TRIAC. These type converters are known as AC voltage regulators.
• DC to DC Converters . These converters can converte a fixed DC input voltage into
variable DC voltage or vice versa. The DC output voltage is controlled by varying of
duty cycle.

Examples of Some
Applications
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History of Power Electronics
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Types of Power Devices
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General Purposes Diodes
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Power Ratings of Devices
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Ratings of Power Devices
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Devices Symbols and Characteristics
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Devices Symbols and Characteristics
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Applications of Power Devices
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Control Characteristics of Devices
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Control Characteristics of Devices
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Switching Characteristics
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Ideal Characteristics
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Ideal
Characteristics

Voltage and Current Waveforms
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Diode Rectifiers
( )
2 m
o average
V
V


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Ac-dc Converter
• AC to DC Converters
-Single phase, half wave AC to DC converter
Input voltage
Output average voltage :
rms value of Output voltage :
Waveform of single-phase, half wave AC to DC converter α

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( ) (1 cos )
m
o
V
V average 

 
1 sin 2
(( ) )
2
2
m
rms
V
V

 

  

1. AC to DC Converters
-Single phase, Full wave AC to DC converter
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The average output voltage can be found from :

AC to DC Converters
Single phase, Full wave AC to DC converter
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3 Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier with Inductive
Load
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3 Phase Half-Wave Uncontrolled Rectifier
with Inductive Load
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Three Phase Controlled Rectifier with Resistive Load
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Three Phase Controlled Rectifier with Inductive Load
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3 Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier With
Inductive Load
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AC to DC Converters
-Three-phase, Half wave AC to DC converter with inductive load
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If the phase voltage is : van= Vm Sin(wt). The
average output voltage for a continuous load current is :

AC to DC Converters
-Three-phase, Half wave AC to DC converter
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AC-AC Converter
1/2
( )
1 sin 2
2
2
m
o rms
V
V

 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
1/24/2024 86

IGBT in DC-DC Converter
( )
o average S
V V


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DC-AC Converter
1( )
4
0.90
2
s
o rms fundamental S
V
V V

  
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RMS Values of Waveforms
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RMS Values of Waveforms
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Power Converter System
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Smart Power System
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Summary
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• The characteristics of the power devices play
a major role in the speed and effectiveness of
the power conversion.
• Power electronics uses low power electronics
(ICs, microprocessors, controllers ), and
switching power devices for power converter
and/or processing from one form of power to
another.

Introduction to Power Electronics Students Version.ppt

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Introduction to Power Electronics Students Version.ppt