Pulp disease can be caused by physical, chemical, bacterial, or thermal factors according to Grossman. Physically, trauma from accidents, procedures, wear, cracks, or barometric changes can cause pulp disease. Chemically, acids from phosphoric acid or monomers and erosion can be factors. Bacteria or their toxins from caries, trauma, or circulating in the bloodstream (anachoresis) can also infect the pulp. Most cases result from dental caries allowing bacterial invasion into dentin and pulp tissue.