The document provides announcements and schedule information for a communications class. It announces that the second midterm exam will be on April 18th in a multiple choice format. It also notes an advertising quiz on April 11th and that the class will cover politics and the media on April 13th. The midterm will cover chapters 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 and readings on digital media, advertising and mobile phones.
Public relations involves managing a company's image and reputation through planned communication with the public. It aims to influence opinion and behavior through relationships. The document traces the origins and evolution of the PR industry from individual publicists in the early 1900s to the professionalization of the field. It discusses key figures like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays and how their work developing media and public outreach techniques shaped the practice of PR. The document also distinguishes PR from publicity and propaganda and outlines some common PR functions.
Public Relations Management Session 1 Evolution And Basic ConceptsMoksh Juneja
The document provides an overview of the evolution and basics of public relations management. It defines public relations, outlines its evolution from propaganda to the modern era of crisis prevention and stakeholder engagement. Key phases of public relations include analyzing attitudes, determining group opinions, anticipating issues, and evaluating feedback. The role of public relations is to facilitate communication between an organization and its various publics, including customers, media, government and communities.
Public relations are the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain beneficial relationships between an organization and its publics. It involves fact-finding, planning, communication, and research and evaluation. PR professionals use both external media like newspapers, radio, television and internal media like house journals, bulletins boards and printed literature to communicate with stakeholders. They also employ tools like press conferences, press releases, press tours, exhibitions, photographs and advertising. Community relations, government relations and word-of-mouth are also important aspects of public relations.
PR tools used by any one organisation (apple)GARIMA624808
Public relations (PR) involves activities conducted by a company to promote and protect its image. PR departments monitor customer attitudes and perceptions and try to convince audiences to support the company. PR differs from advertising in that it involves earned media rather than paid media, making the messages more credible. Key PR tools include news, speeches, printed materials, events, and digital channels like websites and social media. Apple excels at PR through strategic storytelling, keeping messages simple, cultivating influencers, and prioritizing product reviews on YouTube and social media over traditional tech publications.
Public relations and political parties Anooshy Rehan
Public relations plays an important role in political parties and politics in several ways. PR is used to raise awareness of candidates and their positions through various communication tactics. It helps voters learn about candidates and understand their stances on issues. PR also aims to manage media messages and a candidate's image while building relationships with the public. Some key PR activities in politics include media management, image management, internal communication, and information management.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in public relations theory, including the basic elements of communication, persuasion vs manipulation, how PR works to attract and direct an audience, and theories about how media and communication influence audiences. It discusses factors like the source and message credibility, the role of opinion leaders, agenda setting and framing, and models for diffusing new ideas and motivating audiences through increasing awareness, ability, and opportunity. The document aims to educate PR professionals on applying communication theory concepts.
This document discusses the impact of new media on public relations. It defines public relations as how organizations communicate with the public and media to create and maintain a positive image. New media refers to digital technologies like the internet, websites, and social media that allow for on-demand content sharing. New media has both positive and negative impacts on public relations. Positively, it allows for easy interaction, expedited information sharing, direct contact with audiences, and feedback. However, it can also spread controversial topics widely and virally.
Public relations involves managing a company's image and reputation through planned communication with the public. It aims to influence opinion and behavior through relationships. The document traces the origins and evolution of the PR industry from individual publicists in the early 1900s to the professionalization of the field. It discusses key figures like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays and how their work developing media and public outreach techniques shaped the practice of PR. The document also distinguishes PR from publicity and propaganda and outlines some common PR functions.
Public Relations Management Session 1 Evolution And Basic ConceptsMoksh Juneja
The document provides an overview of the evolution and basics of public relations management. It defines public relations, outlines its evolution from propaganda to the modern era of crisis prevention and stakeholder engagement. Key phases of public relations include analyzing attitudes, determining group opinions, anticipating issues, and evaluating feedback. The role of public relations is to facilitate communication between an organization and its various publics, including customers, media, government and communities.
Public relations are the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain beneficial relationships between an organization and its publics. It involves fact-finding, planning, communication, and research and evaluation. PR professionals use both external media like newspapers, radio, television and internal media like house journals, bulletins boards and printed literature to communicate with stakeholders. They also employ tools like press conferences, press releases, press tours, exhibitions, photographs and advertising. Community relations, government relations and word-of-mouth are also important aspects of public relations.
PR tools used by any one organisation (apple)GARIMA624808
Public relations (PR) involves activities conducted by a company to promote and protect its image. PR departments monitor customer attitudes and perceptions and try to convince audiences to support the company. PR differs from advertising in that it involves earned media rather than paid media, making the messages more credible. Key PR tools include news, speeches, printed materials, events, and digital channels like websites and social media. Apple excels at PR through strategic storytelling, keeping messages simple, cultivating influencers, and prioritizing product reviews on YouTube and social media over traditional tech publications.
Public relations and political parties Anooshy Rehan
Public relations plays an important role in political parties and politics in several ways. PR is used to raise awareness of candidates and their positions through various communication tactics. It helps voters learn about candidates and understand their stances on issues. PR also aims to manage media messages and a candidate's image while building relationships with the public. Some key PR activities in politics include media management, image management, internal communication, and information management.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in public relations theory, including the basic elements of communication, persuasion vs manipulation, how PR works to attract and direct an audience, and theories about how media and communication influence audiences. It discusses factors like the source and message credibility, the role of opinion leaders, agenda setting and framing, and models for diffusing new ideas and motivating audiences through increasing awareness, ability, and opportunity. The document aims to educate PR professionals on applying communication theory concepts.
This document discusses the impact of new media on public relations. It defines public relations as how organizations communicate with the public and media to create and maintain a positive image. New media refers to digital technologies like the internet, websites, and social media that allow for on-demand content sharing. New media has both positive and negative impacts on public relations. Positively, it allows for easy interaction, expedited information sharing, direct contact with audiences, and feedback. However, it can also spread controversial topics widely and virally.
The document discusses the definition and key aspects of public relations. It provides several definitions of public relations from different experts and breaks down one definition into four parts. It distinguishes public relations from advertising, publicity, propaganda and lobbying. It also discusses the importance of planning in public relations and identifies different types of publics an organization may interact with. Additionally, it provides some examples of past public relations mistakes made by companies like Domino's Pizza, Toyota and others.
This document defines and discusses various aspects of public relations including its basic elements, processes, relationship with media and communication, news releases, media kits, pitch letters, and its importance in customer relations, employee relations, investor/shareholder relations, and government relations. Public relations aims to create favorable public opinion through various communication functions and two-way communication.
Public Relations- A Non-profit Outreach ToolAnusha Sherazy
The document discusses public relations for non-profit organizations. It defines public relations and outlines its diversity, including crisis management, issues management, and media relations. It describes how public relations can help non-profits distinguish themselves by gaining media attention and notices from potential donors and clients. The document then provides examples of effective public relations strategies for non-profits, including determining key messages, developing a communications plan, and implementing the plan. It outlines various public relations tools and strategies non-profits can use, such as front door PR, maintenance PR, outreach PR, and collaborative PR. Finally, it provides a top 10 list of public relations tips for non-profit organizations.
Journalists and public relations practitioners relationshipEdyta Kosnik
The relationship between journalists and PR practitioners is complex and mutually dependent. Journalists rely on PR practitioners for information but are also wary of manipulation, while PR practitioners see journalists as a way to reach wider audiences. For media coverage, PR practitioners must understand journalistic standards and facilitate journalists' work by providing background information and prioritizing newsworthy stories, while also representing their own organizations' interests. Through ongoing cooperation and maintaining personal relationships with shared understanding, PR practitioners and journalists can navigate their interdependence successfully.
This document is a presentation on the scope and functions of public relations. It defines public relations as managing the flow of information between an organization and the public. The scope of public relations is wide, including political fields and helping businesses, entrepreneurs, teachers, political leaders, and social workers. The functions of public relations outlined in the presentation include investor relations, internal relations, media relations, government relations, and community relations. The goal of public relations is to manage stakeholders' perceptions and build goodwill between organizations and the communities they operate in.
Public relations plays an important role in the 21st century by helping organizations build relationships and manage their reputation. The document discusses various PR techniques including advertising, publications, events, and media relations. It also covers the tools of PR like media relations, events, newsletters and community relations. PR is distinguished from advertising by its focus on long term relationship building rather than paid messaging. The document provides examples of proactive and reactive PR and stresses developing a PR budget and calendar to plan PR programs effectively. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of promoting an organization's news to journalists.
Corporate communication is the set of activities involved in managing internal and external communications for an organization. The goals are to create favorable views among stakeholders and transmit a coherent and consistent message. Corporate communications help explain an organization's mission and values. It emerged as organizations grew larger and needed to coordinate messaging across different audiences. The printing press, newspapers, and advertising helped early forms of corporate communication develop. Public relations also aims to build goodwill and trust between organizations and customers. Globalization, industrial and financial crises led to the rise of modern corporate communication in the 1970s as a way to take a more strategic approach to communication.
The document discusses the different types of publics that organizations must consider in public relations. It defines key publics like stakeholders, traditional vs nontraditional, primary vs secondary, internal vs external, and intervening publics. It emphasizes understanding each public's ability to influence goals, interests, decision makers, demographics, and opinions of the organization. Specific publics covered include employees, news media, government, investors, communities, consumers, voters, and businesses.
Public relations is defined as a planned and sustained effort to establish mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. It involves influencing public opinion through sound character and two-way communication to gain cooperation and support. Integrated marketing communications coordinates various marketing activities including PR, advertising, and sales promotion. PR differs from advertising in its use of varied tools to target specialized audiences rather than mass media to reach external audiences. PR plays a supporting role while advertising is a communication function. Careers in PR require strong writing, research, planning, problem-solving, and business skills.
It’s the art and science of talking to the right audience in the right voice. It influences and shapes a company’s image, reputation, brand perception and culture.
corporate communication and public relationAnkur Tyagi
This document provides information on various forms of integrated marketing communication:
- Corporate communication involves sharing information within a business to facilitate information sharing.
- Advertising is a paid form of communication designed to promote the sale of commercial products and services.
- Propaganda generally refers to persuasive messages aimed at influencing audiences, though it can also refer more narrowly to institutionalized misinformation.
- Publicity relies on media coverage to promote an organization's image rather than direct sales.
- Public relations aims to create and maintain goodwill among various stakeholders through unpaid communication methods and civic engagement.
The document discusses several basic concepts and tools of public relations. It defines public relations as involving more than just advertising or publicity, noting it aims to achieve organizational objectives through various communication tools. It then summarizes key publics including internal publics like employees and external publics like local communities. Several tools of public relations are also outlined, including press agentry to attract media coverage, advertising to promote products/services, propaganda to influence audiences, and publicity to obtain free media placement. The role of new communication technologies in enabling public relations work is then described, highlighting uses of computers, email, satellites, visual media, fax, and courier services.
Public relations (PR) involves building good relations with a company's stakeholders through favorable publicity and maintaining a positive corporate image. The objectives of PR include promoting goodwill, informing employees, and countering negative publicity. PR manages a company's reputation through awareness, education, relationships, and branding using tools like publicity. PR improves credibility and reaches target audiences cost-effectively, but benefits are difficult to quantify and require skilled management. While marketing and advertising promote specific products and services, PR promotes the overall organization.
The document discusses various tools and techniques used in public relations, including traditional media like newspapers, radio, magazines, television and film. It also discusses internal media tools used for communication within an organization like house journals, bulletin boards, annual reports and printed literature. Direct communication methods like press conferences, press releases, press tours and exhibitions are also summarized. The role of organizational culture and how public relations professionals can help establish effective internal communication is outlined.
Public relations is concerned with maintaining public image for governments and organizations. Government relations involves engaging with government departments to influence policy making. In developing countries like India, communicating government programs, achievements, and expectations is important. The role of public relations in government is to inform, motivate, change mindsets, and seek public support to achieve organizational objectives. Functions of public relations in government include setting up exhibitions, press publicity, advertising, electronic media, budget and planning, and collecting feedback to keep the government informed. Public relations serves as an important link between the government and people.
Corporate communications emerged as a distinct function within large corporations in the 1970s after periods of economic crisis. It combines elements of public relations, marketing, and advertising to strategically communicate an organization's messages internally and externally. Some pioneers who helped develop corporate communications as a management function include Paul Garrett at General Motors and Harold Burson at AT&T. A key role of corporate communications is to build relationships between a company and its various stakeholders through coordinated, ethical communication efforts.
Public relations involves planned and deliberate two-way communication between an organization and its publics to benefit the public interest. It is a management function that utilizes research, counseling, media relations, publicity and other components to support marketing. The chapter discusses definitions of public relations, challenges for PR professionals, the RACE process model, components of PR work, and careers in public relations. It emphasizes communication, research, problem solving and other key skills for the future of the PR field.
function and skills of public relation by solomon shiwabawSolomun Shiwabaw
This document discusses the functions of public relations. It outlines several key functions including media relations, crisis communication, management and administration, representing PR at the top management level, writing press releases, using social media, and managing employee relations. For crisis communication specifically, it describes the 8 steps a PR professional should take: awareness, assessment, team building, positioning/strategy, readiness, action, evaluation, and follow-up/closure. The overall document provides an overview of the various roles and responsibilities of public relations practitioners.
Sundance Marketing is a preferred choice for successful Public Relations Campaigns in Rochester NY. It helps enhance a company’s image and reputation effectively.
1) Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
2) PR protects a company, organization, or individual's reputation and helps connect them intelligently and expressively to their target audiences.
3) Effective public relations relies on knowing your product, publics, choosing the right message for each audience, and using PR tools like media relations and storytelling wisely.
Public relations is the management function of establishing mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the publics on whom its success or failure depends. It involves evaluating public opinions, defining policies and procedures, executing communication programs, and fostering positive relationships. The objective of public relations is to influence stakeholder perspectives through activities like speaking engagements, awards, press relations, and employee communications. Its scope includes political, community, employee, and financial relations.
This document provides an overview of public relations (PR), including definitions, functions, advantages, disadvantages, and the role of a PR officer. PR is defined as managing communication between an organization and its publics to influence opinion. It aims to maintain a certain viewpoint about a company, its leadership, products, or other topics. PR functions include promoting goodwill, corporate image, and countering negative publicity. Advantages include credibility and reaching specific groups, while disadvantages include difficulty quantifying benefits and lack of control. The role of a PR officer is to act as an advocate, communicator, problem solver, and opinion leader for a company. PR can also be used for marketing purposes known as marketing PR.
Human: [SUMMARY
The document discusses the definition and key aspects of public relations. It provides several definitions of public relations from different experts and breaks down one definition into four parts. It distinguishes public relations from advertising, publicity, propaganda and lobbying. It also discusses the importance of planning in public relations and identifies different types of publics an organization may interact with. Additionally, it provides some examples of past public relations mistakes made by companies like Domino's Pizza, Toyota and others.
This document defines and discusses various aspects of public relations including its basic elements, processes, relationship with media and communication, news releases, media kits, pitch letters, and its importance in customer relations, employee relations, investor/shareholder relations, and government relations. Public relations aims to create favorable public opinion through various communication functions and two-way communication.
Public Relations- A Non-profit Outreach ToolAnusha Sherazy
The document discusses public relations for non-profit organizations. It defines public relations and outlines its diversity, including crisis management, issues management, and media relations. It describes how public relations can help non-profits distinguish themselves by gaining media attention and notices from potential donors and clients. The document then provides examples of effective public relations strategies for non-profits, including determining key messages, developing a communications plan, and implementing the plan. It outlines various public relations tools and strategies non-profits can use, such as front door PR, maintenance PR, outreach PR, and collaborative PR. Finally, it provides a top 10 list of public relations tips for non-profit organizations.
Journalists and public relations practitioners relationshipEdyta Kosnik
The relationship between journalists and PR practitioners is complex and mutually dependent. Journalists rely on PR practitioners for information but are also wary of manipulation, while PR practitioners see journalists as a way to reach wider audiences. For media coverage, PR practitioners must understand journalistic standards and facilitate journalists' work by providing background information and prioritizing newsworthy stories, while also representing their own organizations' interests. Through ongoing cooperation and maintaining personal relationships with shared understanding, PR practitioners and journalists can navigate their interdependence successfully.
This document is a presentation on the scope and functions of public relations. It defines public relations as managing the flow of information between an organization and the public. The scope of public relations is wide, including political fields and helping businesses, entrepreneurs, teachers, political leaders, and social workers. The functions of public relations outlined in the presentation include investor relations, internal relations, media relations, government relations, and community relations. The goal of public relations is to manage stakeholders' perceptions and build goodwill between organizations and the communities they operate in.
Public relations plays an important role in the 21st century by helping organizations build relationships and manage their reputation. The document discusses various PR techniques including advertising, publications, events, and media relations. It also covers the tools of PR like media relations, events, newsletters and community relations. PR is distinguished from advertising by its focus on long term relationship building rather than paid messaging. The document provides examples of proactive and reactive PR and stresses developing a PR budget and calendar to plan PR programs effectively. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of promoting an organization's news to journalists.
Corporate communication is the set of activities involved in managing internal and external communications for an organization. The goals are to create favorable views among stakeholders and transmit a coherent and consistent message. Corporate communications help explain an organization's mission and values. It emerged as organizations grew larger and needed to coordinate messaging across different audiences. The printing press, newspapers, and advertising helped early forms of corporate communication develop. Public relations also aims to build goodwill and trust between organizations and customers. Globalization, industrial and financial crises led to the rise of modern corporate communication in the 1970s as a way to take a more strategic approach to communication.
The document discusses the different types of publics that organizations must consider in public relations. It defines key publics like stakeholders, traditional vs nontraditional, primary vs secondary, internal vs external, and intervening publics. It emphasizes understanding each public's ability to influence goals, interests, decision makers, demographics, and opinions of the organization. Specific publics covered include employees, news media, government, investors, communities, consumers, voters, and businesses.
Public relations is defined as a planned and sustained effort to establish mutual understanding between an organization and its publics. It involves influencing public opinion through sound character and two-way communication to gain cooperation and support. Integrated marketing communications coordinates various marketing activities including PR, advertising, and sales promotion. PR differs from advertising in its use of varied tools to target specialized audiences rather than mass media to reach external audiences. PR plays a supporting role while advertising is a communication function. Careers in PR require strong writing, research, planning, problem-solving, and business skills.
It’s the art and science of talking to the right audience in the right voice. It influences and shapes a company’s image, reputation, brand perception and culture.
corporate communication and public relationAnkur Tyagi
This document provides information on various forms of integrated marketing communication:
- Corporate communication involves sharing information within a business to facilitate information sharing.
- Advertising is a paid form of communication designed to promote the sale of commercial products and services.
- Propaganda generally refers to persuasive messages aimed at influencing audiences, though it can also refer more narrowly to institutionalized misinformation.
- Publicity relies on media coverage to promote an organization's image rather than direct sales.
- Public relations aims to create and maintain goodwill among various stakeholders through unpaid communication methods and civic engagement.
The document discusses several basic concepts and tools of public relations. It defines public relations as involving more than just advertising or publicity, noting it aims to achieve organizational objectives through various communication tools. It then summarizes key publics including internal publics like employees and external publics like local communities. Several tools of public relations are also outlined, including press agentry to attract media coverage, advertising to promote products/services, propaganda to influence audiences, and publicity to obtain free media placement. The role of new communication technologies in enabling public relations work is then described, highlighting uses of computers, email, satellites, visual media, fax, and courier services.
Public relations (PR) involves building good relations with a company's stakeholders through favorable publicity and maintaining a positive corporate image. The objectives of PR include promoting goodwill, informing employees, and countering negative publicity. PR manages a company's reputation through awareness, education, relationships, and branding using tools like publicity. PR improves credibility and reaches target audiences cost-effectively, but benefits are difficult to quantify and require skilled management. While marketing and advertising promote specific products and services, PR promotes the overall organization.
The document discusses various tools and techniques used in public relations, including traditional media like newspapers, radio, magazines, television and film. It also discusses internal media tools used for communication within an organization like house journals, bulletin boards, annual reports and printed literature. Direct communication methods like press conferences, press releases, press tours and exhibitions are also summarized. The role of organizational culture and how public relations professionals can help establish effective internal communication is outlined.
Public relations is concerned with maintaining public image for governments and organizations. Government relations involves engaging with government departments to influence policy making. In developing countries like India, communicating government programs, achievements, and expectations is important. The role of public relations in government is to inform, motivate, change mindsets, and seek public support to achieve organizational objectives. Functions of public relations in government include setting up exhibitions, press publicity, advertising, electronic media, budget and planning, and collecting feedback to keep the government informed. Public relations serves as an important link between the government and people.
Corporate communications emerged as a distinct function within large corporations in the 1970s after periods of economic crisis. It combines elements of public relations, marketing, and advertising to strategically communicate an organization's messages internally and externally. Some pioneers who helped develop corporate communications as a management function include Paul Garrett at General Motors and Harold Burson at AT&T. A key role of corporate communications is to build relationships between a company and its various stakeholders through coordinated, ethical communication efforts.
Public relations involves planned and deliberate two-way communication between an organization and its publics to benefit the public interest. It is a management function that utilizes research, counseling, media relations, publicity and other components to support marketing. The chapter discusses definitions of public relations, challenges for PR professionals, the RACE process model, components of PR work, and careers in public relations. It emphasizes communication, research, problem solving and other key skills for the future of the PR field.
function and skills of public relation by solomon shiwabawSolomun Shiwabaw
This document discusses the functions of public relations. It outlines several key functions including media relations, crisis communication, management and administration, representing PR at the top management level, writing press releases, using social media, and managing employee relations. For crisis communication specifically, it describes the 8 steps a PR professional should take: awareness, assessment, team building, positioning/strategy, readiness, action, evaluation, and follow-up/closure. The overall document provides an overview of the various roles and responsibilities of public relations practitioners.
Sundance Marketing is a preferred choice for successful Public Relations Campaigns in Rochester NY. It helps enhance a company’s image and reputation effectively.
1) Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics.
2) PR protects a company, organization, or individual's reputation and helps connect them intelligently and expressively to their target audiences.
3) Effective public relations relies on knowing your product, publics, choosing the right message for each audience, and using PR tools like media relations and storytelling wisely.
Public relations is the management function of establishing mutually beneficial relationships between an organization and the publics on whom its success or failure depends. It involves evaluating public opinions, defining policies and procedures, executing communication programs, and fostering positive relationships. The objective of public relations is to influence stakeholder perspectives through activities like speaking engagements, awards, press relations, and employee communications. Its scope includes political, community, employee, and financial relations.
This document provides an overview of public relations (PR), including definitions, functions, advantages, disadvantages, and the role of a PR officer. PR is defined as managing communication between an organization and its publics to influence opinion. It aims to maintain a certain viewpoint about a company, its leadership, products, or other topics. PR functions include promoting goodwill, corporate image, and countering negative publicity. Advantages include credibility and reaching specific groups, while disadvantages include difficulty quantifying benefits and lack of control. The role of a PR officer is to act as an advocate, communicator, problem solver, and opinion leader for a company. PR can also be used for marketing purposes known as marketing PR.
Human: [SUMMARY
This document discusses ethics in public relations. It introduces several frameworks for analyzing ethics, including deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics. It also outlines some common ethical issues that public relations practitioners may face, such as greenwashing, lack of transparency online, and situations where their values may be compromised. Three hypothetical scenarios are presented that illustrate these issues and ask how a PR professional should respond. The document concludes by listing some basic ethical principles and guidelines from professional organizations.
This presentation is for use when covering media ethics in an introductory mass media course. Includes media organization ethics, the need for ethics, types of ethics, ethical media examples.
This document provides a history of public relations from Julius Caesar in 50 BC to Edward Bernays in the 1920s. It describes how political and business figures throughout history have used various public relations and propaganda techniques to influence public opinion and convince people to support them or take certain actions. Key figures mentioned who helped establish and professionalize the field include Ivy Lee, who advised transparency and good deeds, and Edward Bernays, who established principles of interpreting organizations to the public and vice versa and promoting new ideas and social progress.
Public relations is a management function that deals with public issues and building positive images. An important component is publicity, which uses unpaid media coverage to attract attention to products and services. The objectives of PR include promoting goodwill, new products, and providing information to employees and stakeholders. PR tools include press releases, newsletters, interviews and sponsored events. PR strategies can be proactive by creating detailed plans or reactive by addressing weaknesses. Publicity is a form of non-personal communication used to generate interest in people and products through the media. Corporate advertising builds confidence in a company among consumers and businesses to promote positive reputation.
Anyone interested in the basics of marketing could access this presentation which talks about the 7Ps, & the product, place, price & promotion at length
The document discusses various aspects of event planning and management. It begins by defining what an event is and different types of events. It then discusses event management and the key aspects involved, including market research, SWOT analysis, event planning using the 5 Ws framework, venue selection, marketing, evaluation and feedback. Key elements of event planning covered include determining objectives, activities, schedule, budget, target audience and addressing logistical considerations like location, date and time. The document provides an overview of best practices for comprehensive event planning.
This document discusses ethics in public relations. It begins by defining ethics as dealing with questions of right and wrong and how people should act. It then discusses how ethics is important in PR as credibility depends on telling the truth. Several ethical issues in PR are outlined, such as withholding information and propaganda. The document also discusses ethical standards and codes of conduct in the PR industry. It emphasizes that individuals and organizations must adhere to high ethical standards and prioritize doing the right thing.
Public relations involves managing communication between an organization and its various publics or stakeholders. It is a planned effort to build goodwill and mutual understanding. An organization's PR function manages its reputation, which is crucial to its strength. Effective PR relies on understanding human psychology, communicating persuasively, building confidence and respect, and establishing good relationships. It is also important to know your audience and time your messages appropriately. Developing a PR strategy can help organizations plan effectively and achieve measurable communication goals.
Bjmc i-i, met, unit-iii, public relations and mediaRai University
Public relations aims to create a favorable atmosphere and influence public opinion for organizations. It differs from advertising which directly sells products and services. Some early examples of public relations included Julius Caesar promoting his achievements and Genghis Khan intimidating enemies. In the modern era, public relations grew as a profession during World War I and influential practitioners included Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays. Bernays viewed public relations as a way to scientifically manage public opinion using psychology. Today, public relations uses various techniques like focus groups and the internet to represent clients and evaluate public opinion. However, criticisms of the field include the use of deceptive tactics like front groups.
Public relations involves strategically managing communication between an organization and its various stakeholders to build mutually beneficial relationships. It aims to shape public perceptions of an organization by informing and persuading key audiences through non-paid forms of communication like publicity and civic engagement. PR pioneers like Ivy Lee, Edward Bernays, and others in the early 20th century professionalized the field by emphasizing the importance of truth, transparency, and social responsibility in an organization's relationships with the public.
Public relations has evolved from ancient times where rulers used statues and coins to shape public perception, to the modern practice of strategically influencing media coverage and public opinion. Early pioneers like Ivy Lee established the principles of openness and honesty in public relations. Edward Bernays further developed the field and taught that public relations aims to "engineer public support" through information and persuasion. Today, public relations professionals perform roles like writing, media relations, and crisis communication across various types of clients from governments to industries.
- PR originated and evolved with Edward Bernays, the first to call himself a PR counsel and writer of the first PR book, and Ivy Lee, the first modern PR practitioner who invented the press release.
- Over history, PR has been used to promote wars, political causes, products, raise money, and publicize events and people.
- PR in the US progressed through four stages - preliminary in colonies, communicating/initiating 1800-1899, reacting/responding 1900-1939, and planning/preventing 1940-1979 as PR matured and grew with technology.
The Impact of Communication Technology on Politicscrhogan
The document discusses how political campaigns have historically utilized new communication technologies to engage voters and influence public opinion. It provides examples such as William Hearst using newspapers in 1898, FDR using radio for his "Fireside Chats" in the 1930s-40s, the first televised presidential debates between JFK and Nixon in 1960, and Obama's successful use of social media and the internet in his 2008 campaign. While Obama was not the first to use these new technologies, he adapted them uniquely to spread his message and brand in a way that captured voters, particularly younger generations. The implications are that winners in new media will be those who both participate in emerging technologies but also figure out how to make them work effectively for their specific
Public relations (PR) involves communicating with the public and media to create and maintain a positive image for organizations, companies, and individuals. A PR specialist uses various tools like press releases, newsletters, and websites to directly or indirectly communicate the target audience's message through media. Some key events in the history of PR include Samuel Adams using propaganda to gain support for the American Revolution and Harold Burson growing Burson-Marsteller into one of the largest PR agencies worldwide. The PR process involves research, planning communication tactics, implementing the plan, and evaluating the results. Common PR techniques are attending public events, issuing press releases, publishing newsletters, blogging, and using social media.
The document discusses the role of mass media in politics. It explains that modern political success depends on controlling the media image. Politicians use media to communicate their messages to the public and control the flow of information. The media acts as a gatekeeper that sets the political agenda, influences public opinion, and monitors politicians. However, media reporting is also a business influenced by profits, ownership, and biases that can shape what stories are covered and how they are presented.
This document provides an overview of public relations as a profession and industry. It discusses the history of public relations, from ancient Greece to modern times. It outlines some of the major events and figures that shaped the development of public relations, such as Ivy Ledbetter Lee being considered the father of modern public relations. The document also describes the current public relations industry, including the top agencies, common PR activities like research and communication, and tools used like press releases. It concludes by discussing some controversies around the ethics of PR tactics such as spinning information and using gifts or junkets with reporters.
The document discusses the historical origins of public relations as a profession. It traces the evolution from early practitioners using communication techniques to influence public opinion, like Sam Adams during the American Revolution, to the rise of PR departments in large companies in the late 19th century during the "Battle of the Currents" between Edison and Westinghouse. It also outlines Arthur Page's influential principles for corporate PR from the 1920s, including listening to public needs and conducting PR as a management function. The document then introduces a guest speaker for a career discussion.
1. Public relations aims to shape favorable media coverage and public perception of individuals and organizations. Early PR involved press agents staging stunts to promote clients, while modern PR applies research and strategic communications.
2. PR developed alongside industries like railroads and utilities in the late 19th/early 20th century, transitioning from deceptive practices to advising honesty. Founders like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays established PR's use of psychology and sociology to influence the public.
3. Modern PR practices include researching audiences, distributing press releases and conducting media relations, planning special events, and managing community/consumer and government relations. PR also assists during crises and adapts to new media like the internet and social networks.
This document discusses the importance of public media and the challenges it faces. It summarizes that while public media has succeeded in meeting many of its goals of serving the public interest since 1967, it is now underfunded and its programming is under political assault. It argues that the existing funding system cannot support public media's transition to digital media, which will require billions of dollars. The document calls for a unified movement with a long-term vision to develop a sustainable funding model and policy solution to ensure a flourishing non-commercial media system that serves all citizens.
This document provides an overview and objectives for a university course on news media and the internet. It discusses how media influences culture and reviews key concepts from the previous week, such as newsworthiness criteria. The document then covers topics like newspapers, public relations, persuasive advertising, and enduring values in American journalism. It emphasizes the social responsibilities of media and ethical considerations online. Students are assigned readings from the textbook and asked to complete short answer questions for the following week.
Public relations involves managing communication between an organization and the public to influence perceptions. Early practitioners included those who campaigned for politicians in the late 1700s. During World War I, many PR professionals got their start with the Committee on Public Information, helping stimulate the development of public relations as a profession focused on propaganda and publicity.
Whatever the complaint about media, one thing is certain: There are underlying structural issues at work that give rise to these problems. Attacking a single symptom — such as programming some might say is indecent — does not cure the disease.
American media is dominated by large corporations that control around 90% of outlets. With deregulation and consolidation, a few powerful conglomerates own multiple types of media in the same markets. While newspapers and broadcast TV were once dominant, the internet has become a major source of news, fragmenting audiences and making messages harder for politicians to control. Politicians rely heavily on media to communicate but also criticize coverage. They work to manage their portrayal by emphasizing daily themes and working with journalists.
Public relations involves promoting a favorable image for a person or group seeking public attention. It is the practice of conveying messages to the public through the media on behalf of a client, with the intention of changing public opinion and behavior. PR originated from propaganda but sought to present accurate information to gain public trust. Early pioneers like Ivy Lee and Edward Bernays professionalized the field by advising clients to provide transparency and engage stakeholders. Bernays also advocated appealing to opinion leaders to indirectly influence broader audiences. PR is now used widely by organizations, governments, and others to promote causes, products, and ideas through various traditional and new media.
The origins and development of PR differed between the UK and US. In the US, Edward Bernays is considered the "father of PR" for his early 20th century campaigns promoting tobacco use among women. In the UK, PR emerged following WWII to improve corporate and government communication. While social media is now widely used, traditional PR methods through media outlets are still effective depending on the situation and audience. Surveys show US companies utilize social media 3 times more than UK companies for PR purposes.
The relationship between these sentences is addition. The second sentence provides an example to support the claim made in the first sentence about the influence of mass media.
Public relations involves managing an organization's communications and relationships with the public to build goodwill. Early practitioners like Ivy Lee emphasized a two-way approach of sharing accurate information. Edward Bernays is considered the founder of modern public relations and promoted the idea of "crystallizing public opinion." While PR aims to maintain a positive public image, "spin" refers to selectively emphasizing certain facts to persuade audiences, which some see as deceptive. Skilled spin doctors closely monitor news and public sentiment to control messaging and timing of announcements favoring their clients.
1. Announcements
and today’s schedule
Second Midterm Exam – Monday, April
18. Multiple-choice format, like first exam
Advertising quiz on Monday, April 11.
On Wednesday, April 13, we will cover
Politics and the Media. Chapter 13
Midterm covers chapters 7, 8, 10, 11, 13,
readings on Digital Media, Advertising,
Mobile Phones
Chapter
Eleven
Public relations defined
Classic definition: Creating an understanding for,
or goodwill toward a company, person or product
Edward Bernays’ definition, 1961: “The three main
elements of public relations are practically as old as
society: informing people, persuading people, or
integrating people with people”
“Public relations” vs. “PR”—
some professionals dislike
“PR” because it has negative
“spin” connotations
1
2. Public relations
in ancient times
Persuasion used to maintain
power of leaders in ancient
civilizations
Augustus Caesar built statues
of himself
Julius Caesar: commentaries
written as propaganda
“Propaganda” originated by
Vatican: “Congregation for
Propagation of the Faith”
First propaganda ministry
created by National Assembly
of France in 1792
Public relations
in early America
American Revolution
pamphleteers: Ben Franklin,
Sam Adams
Federalist Papers: Writings
supporting ratification of the
Constitution (Alexander
Hamilton, James Madison,
John Jay writing anonymously)
P. T. Barnum
“The Greatest Show on Earth”
Publicity stunts
The press and public relations
Business either ignored or
worked with the press until
muckraking era
Muckraking: Investigative
reporting that uncovered
unsavory business practices
(McClure’s and Collier’s)
Ida Tarbell: exposé on
Standard Oil Company
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle
exposed meat packing plants
Companies must respond to
allegations
2
3. Beginnings of corporate
public relations
Development tied to struggle of American labor
Carnegie-Frick Steel Company strike (1892): strike
broken, but union won public opinion
Edison’s General Electric vs. Westinghouse
Standards for power generating/ transmission system:
Direct current (DC) vs. alternating current (AC)
Used former newspaper reporters as publicists; AC
eventually won because of superior technology
Edison tried convince public that AC was unsafe,
patented electric chair; even used “to Westinghouse”
to refer to electrocution by alternating current
Association of American Railroads claimed to be
first to use term “public relations”
Founders of public relations
The Publicity Bureau (1900)
First publicity firm, Boston
Employed by railroads to
oppose regulation
Ivy Ledbetter Lee
Former reporter, opened NY
office with George F. Parker
Didn’t use term “public
relations”
Believed that corporations
should not conceal truth from
press and business leaders
should not shun publicity
Lee’s Declaration of Principles
(1906)
Lee mailed “Declaration of Principles” to
newspaper editors to counter hostility
Work done in the open
Supply news about business and public institutions
Honest and accurate information; assist editors in
verification
Not advertising agency
Most famous clients
Pennsylvania Railroad
John D. Rockefeller
3
4. Lee’s public relations practice
Went to work for Rockefeller full-time
(dissolved firm)
Countered negative publicity of Ida
Tarbell’s Standard Oil investigation
Advised Rockefeller on countering
negative publicity following Ludlow
Massacre: strike in Colorado where
several miners, two women and 11
children were killed
Questionable clients tarnished rep
Soviet Union: attempted to get country
recognized in U.S.
German Dye Trust: taken over by Nazis;
became known as “Hitler’s press agent”
Edward L. Bernays
Credited with originating term “public relations counsel”
Worked for Committee on Public Information during WWI
Wrote first books on public relations
Crystallization of Public Opinion (1923); Propaganda (1928)
Public Relations (1952—first public relations textbook)
Taught first course on public relations
Interest in mass psychology: how to
influence large groups of people
Impressive list of clients
Procter & Gamble
General Motors
American Tobacco Company
First public relations counselor
1919: Bernays opened public
relations counselor firm
Ethical concerns
Set up front groups for
industries: “Better Living
Through Increased Highway
Transportation”— front group
promoting trucking industry
Used feminism to gain publicity
for tobacco companies—
“Torches of Freedom” (1929):
Women march down 5th
Avenue on Easter, smoking to
promote “equality”
4
5. Public relations matures
Press release: invented in 1920s, written as
news story
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA)
Founded in 1948; largest public relations
association, with 20,000 members
By late 1960s, several hundred public relations
agencies with 100,000 practitioners
In the U.S. today:
161,000 people in
public relations
4,000 firms offer public
relation services
Development of ethics codes
Criticism of public relations
P.T. Barnum: “There’s a sucker born every minute”
Public relations restrict economic competition
In 1930s many who worked in public relations were
press agents (star Rita Hayworth won best-dressed
contest in 1939…no contest; was a publicity stunt)
Questions of ethics brought to public attention in
1950s: creation of front organizations hired by
railroad company to attack trucking industry
PRSA established first code of ethics in 1954,
revised in 2000
New technology
in public relations
Videoconferencing: allows large audience at
different sites to participate in meetings
Tylenol tampering in 1982 (Johnson & Johnson):
Reached media in 30 cities
Satellite Media Tours
Spokesperson holds one-on-one
dialog with broadcasters via
satellite without having to travel
Video News Releases (VNR)
Video version of traditional news
release, sent to local TV stations
Controversy in that news reports
being produced by public relations people
5
6. Online public relations
Webcasting
Streaming video of live events (such as Victoria’s
Secret Internet lingerie show)
Video on demand
Web sites: video and audio
Email
Electronic press kits (e-kit)
Internet URL can be include
(including links)
Electronic press centers:
includes photos, audio, and video
Public affairs technology
Software programs help target legislators
and voters
Database programs: ReConnect program
manages legislative outreach
Role in politics
Bush campaign sent
150+ different emails
to nearly a million voters
last 10 days of campaign
Jerry Brown used technology to develop
grass roots financing (used 800 number)
New dimensions
for public relations
Unauthorized web sites, or “rogue sites”
Critical of companies; must monitor these sites
Electronic news centers make it easy for media
to get information
Internet discussion
Usenet news groups
Listservs
Chatrooms:
“stooges” can
skew discussions
6
7. A few of the things public
relations practitioners do
Advising and counseling
Early warning system on emerging
issues related to organizations
Support for other management
functions (publicity, promotion, and
media relations)
Gatekeeping between organization
and public
Strategizing and planning
Writing and editing news releases,
newsletters, shareholder reports
Media relations and placements
Research
Publics
Audiences for communication: groups that
influence success of an organization
Many kinds of “publics”—
Customers, banks, legislators, regulators, unions,
employees, stockholders, investors, contractors,
suppliers, community neighbors,
trade associations and
business press
Nonprofit organizations
Employees, donors,
legislators, and volunteers
Good vs. bad public relations
Good public relations
Benefits: increased sales, larger market
share, improved employee morale
Bad public relations
Operations outside the bounds of public
interest: faulty products,
illegal manipulation of
stock prices, negative
press coverage, public
outrage, and regulatory
punishment
7
8. Good vs. bad public relations
Examples of bad public relations
Exxon handling of Valdez oil spill
Intel handling of Pentium division error
Firestone handling Wilderness AT tire treads peeling
off, causing crashes: “No specific problem was found
with the design or production method of our tires”
Example of good public relations
Johnson & Johnson handling of
Tylenol cyanide scare in 1982:
management put customer safety
first, before profit and other
financial concerns— issued
national alert and large recall
Successful public relations
Based on research , evaluation and planning
Public opinion polls, readership surveys, mail
questionnaires, telephone interviews, focus groups,
and literature search
Goals of public support
Profit organization: purchase of products, investment
in stock, support for favorable regulations
Nonprofit organization: donations, volunteers, and
memberships
Government: taxpayer cooperation and public
participation
Communication and truthfulness at all levels
Professionalism
Organizations
Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) and its
student branch, PRSSA
International Association of Business
Communicators (IABC)
Women in Communication (WIC)
Job preparation
Many practitioners from media
Education:
Liberal arts education
Journalism, marketing,
mass communication, English
Majors in public relations
8
9. Private interest
vs. public interest
Tempting for journalists to rely on press
releases, letting corporations dominate news
coverage and issues
Lobbying to directly affect public policy
Microsoft and AT&T donated almost $130 million to
political campaigns in 2000 election
Tension between corporate and
public interest
E.g., racism in major corporations:
Texaco exec using racial epithets;
discrimination suit for $176 million
Cooperate sexism
Public relations offer opportunities
for women in corporate ranks
The “velvet ghetto” —woman find a
barrier that stops them from advancing
to higher public relations positions
within companies
Deeper pattern of sex discrimination
Female public relations employees
often unable to break glass ceiling
Only two Fortune 500 companies have
female CEOs
9