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The document discusses India's fiscal deficit, revenue deficit, effective revenue deficit, and primary deficit. It outlines the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act of 2003 and its amendments in 2012, which set targets to reduce the fiscal deficit and revenue deficit. It also discusses issues related to India's public debt management, high fiscal and current account deficits, and the economic survey's recommendation to establish a Public Debt Management Authority to improve debt management and reduce financial repression.
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Public debt in india
Public debt in India has increased over 7 times from 1990-1991 to 2005-2006. It includes money borrowed by the government through internal loans within India and external loans from international organizations. There are several types of public debt like short-term, long-term, productive and unproductive debts. While public debt allows the government to fund development projects, it also burdens citizens with increased taxes and can adversely affect growth. Proper management of public debt is needed in India through reducing expenditures, encouraging foreign investment, and monitoring public spending.
Government debt repayment
Governments have several ways to repay their debts, including developing fiscal surpluses through taxes and reducing expenses. They can also use dividends from public sector companies or divest holdings. As a last resort, governments may borrow more money or print currency to repay debts, which risks hyperinflation.
Philippine Debt crisis
The document discusses the Philippine debt crisis, including definitions of external, internal, and national debt. It provides background on debt crises in general and risks of debt crises for countries. Specific data is presented on the Philippines' external debt, GDP, GDP growth, government debt as a percentage of GDP, budget deficit, exchange rate between the Philippine peso and US dollar, and how the government pays its external debt obligations. The document estimates that based on the 2015 budget, the Philippines faces an annual deficit of P439.03 billion for debt service payments that could potentially lead to a debt crisis if not addressed.
Economics:Public Debt
Public Debt-Definitions,Objectives/ Causes,Classification Of Public Debt,Internal/ External Debt,Redemption of External Debts
public debt
This document provides an overview of public finance in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the public finance cycle, formulation of fiscal policy, generation of revenue through taxes and other sources, expenditure through the national budget, public borrowings, and accountability. The document outlines the major components of the public finance system and how money flows into and out of the government.
External debt of india kruti
India's external debt totals $345.8 billion. External debt as a percentage of GDP is 20%, while the debt service ratio is 6%. India borrows externally to fill gaps between desired expenditures and domestic resources, maintain a presence in international bond markets, and stabilize exchange rates. India's major external creditors are commercial banks, other governments, and international institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Two-thirds of India's external debt is non-government debt. Rising external debt and current account deficits pose risks to India's foreign exchange reserves and creditworthiness.
Group 2 eco
This document discusses India's budget deficits, public debt, and fiscal policy. It begins with an introduction on global fiscal problems like growing budget deficits in developed countries. It then discusses debates around measuring budget deficits, trends in India's growing public debt, and the importance of foreign capital flows for India's external and internal balances. The document outlines India's fiscal history and debt dynamics, noting increasing deficits, declining capital expenditures, and rising government borrowing. It concludes that India's deficit and debt dynamics pose sustainability risks if capital formation continues decreasing and debt variability remains high.
The Future of Public Debt
The document discusses the rising levels of public debt in advanced countries and the challenges this poses. It notes that debt levels above 100% of GDP were common after WWII but issues are more serious now due to aging populations. Modeling of debt projections for 30 years out shows debt could rise to 3 times current levels without policy changes to address aging populations and the associated rise in spending. Higher debt levels increase risks of unstable dynamics and lower long term growth. Action is needed now to address long term fiscal imbalances.
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Public debt in india
Public debt in India has increased over 7 times from 1990-1991 to 2005-2006. It includes money borrowed by the government through internal loans within India and external loans from international organizations. There are several types of public debt like short-term, long-term, productive and unproductive debts. While public debt allows the government to fund development projects, it also burdens citizens with increased taxes and can adversely affect growth. Proper management of public debt is needed in India through reducing expenditures, encouraging foreign investment, and monitoring public spending.
Government debt repayment
Governments have several ways to repay their debts, including developing fiscal surpluses through taxes and reducing expenses. They can also use dividends from public sector companies or divest holdings. As a last resort, governments may borrow more money or print currency to repay debts, which risks hyperinflation.
Philippine Debt crisis
The document discusses the Philippine debt crisis, including definitions of external, internal, and national debt. It provides background on debt crises in general and risks of debt crises for countries. Specific data is presented on the Philippines' external debt, GDP, GDP growth, government debt as a percentage of GDP, budget deficit, exchange rate between the Philippine peso and US dollar, and how the government pays its external debt obligations. The document estimates that based on the 2015 budget, the Philippines faces an annual deficit of P439.03 billion for debt service payments that could potentially lead to a debt crisis if not addressed.
Economics:Public Debt
Public Debt-Definitions,Objectives/ Causes,Classification Of Public Debt,Internal/ External Debt,Redemption of External Debts
public debt
This document provides an overview of public finance in Pakistan. It discusses key topics such as the public finance cycle, formulation of fiscal policy, generation of revenue through taxes and other sources, expenditure through the national budget, public borrowings, and accountability. The document outlines the major components of the public finance system and how money flows into and out of the government.
External debt of india kruti
India's external debt totals $345.8 billion. External debt as a percentage of GDP is 20%, while the debt service ratio is 6%. India borrows externally to fill gaps between desired expenditures and domestic resources, maintain a presence in international bond markets, and stabilize exchange rates. India's major external creditors are commercial banks, other governments, and international institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Two-thirds of India's external debt is non-government debt. Rising external debt and current account deficits pose risks to India's foreign exchange reserves and creditworthiness.
Group 2 eco
This document discusses India's budget deficits, public debt, and fiscal policy. It begins with an introduction on global fiscal problems like growing budget deficits in developed countries. It then discusses debates around measuring budget deficits, trends in India's growing public debt, and the importance of foreign capital flows for India's external and internal balances. The document outlines India's fiscal history and debt dynamics, noting increasing deficits, declining capital expenditures, and rising government borrowing. It concludes that India's deficit and debt dynamics pose sustainability risks if capital formation continues decreasing and debt variability remains high.
The Future of Public Debt
The document discusses the rising levels of public debt in advanced countries and the challenges this poses. It notes that debt levels above 100% of GDP were common after WWII but issues are more serious now due to aging populations. Modeling of debt projections for 30 years out shows debt could rise to 3 times current levels without policy changes to address aging populations and the associated rise in spending. Higher debt levels increase risks of unstable dynamics and lower long term growth. Action is needed now to address long term fiscal imbalances.
Debt Management
The document discusses various aspects of public debt management. It defines public debt as debt borrowed by the government from the public through various methods. It notes that the Reserve Bank of India formed an internal debt management cell in 1992. Public debt management involves decisions around the form, maturity, and ownership of new and existing debt instruments. The objective is to achieve fiscal and monetary policy goals like inflation control while minimizing interest costs and maintaining investor satisfaction. It discusses different types of public debt instruments and the objectives and principles of effective public debt management.
External debt of india
India's external debt has increased to $485.8 billion as of June 2017. External debt includes commercial borrowings, NRI deposits, and short-term trade credits. The largest components are commercial borrowings at 37.8% and NRI deposits at 24.3%. Debts are denominated in US dollars, Indian rupees, SDRs, Japanese yen, and euros. India has historically relied on loans from the World Bank and IMF to support economic development projects in infrastructure, agriculture, and other sectors.
External Debt Management
India's external debt increased from $404.9 billion to $426 billion between March and December 2013. This was mainly due to a rise in long-term debt, particularly an increase in NRI deposits under a special swap window. Long-term debt accounted for 78.2% of total external debt. Short-term debt declined slightly. The ratio of short-term debt to foreign exchange reserves fell to 31.5% while the ratio of concessional debt to total debt declined to 10.6%. Key factors contributing to the rise in external debt in recent times include increases in both long-term and short-term debt components.
Public debt management agency....
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is responsible for managing India's public debt, especially debt denominated in the domestic currency. The management of the central government's debt is conducted by RBI under statutory provisions that oblige the central government to delegate its debt management to the RBI.
India's External Debt
India’s Resilient External Debt
Summary:
The official documents published by GOI and RBI make incisive analysis of the composition, size, sustainability, trend and overall management of India’s external debt.
As per RBI, the country’s external debt stock which stood at US$ 405 billion as at June-end 2013 has increased to US$ 450.1 billion as at June-end 2014 registering an increase of 11.1 per cent.
According to IMF, debt service -to-export ratio is a key indicator as a measure of repaying capacity of a country. The lower the ratio, the less vulnerable is the economy to external shocks. The debt service ratio of India which peaked 35.3 per cent in 1990-91 in the wake of Balance of Payment crisis declined to 16.6 per cent in 2000-01 and further brought down to a more comfortable level of 5.9 per cent in 2013-14. The import cover of reserves, which stood at 9.5 months at end-March 2011 has declined to 7.0 months at the end-March 2013, still above comfort level. The CAD to GDP ratio deteriorated to 4.7 per cent in 2012-13, mainly on account of slowdown in major trading partners and rise in gold imports. It, however, improved to 1.7 per cent in 2013-14 due to measures taken by policy makers. The rising level of external debt does not necessarily translate into increasing debt burden, as it would also depend on the growth, growth potential of the economy and the export earnings.
I
ndia’s external debt is characterized by resilience and sustainability. The country’s external debt statistics are compiled and disseminated by Government of India (GOI) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on a quarterly basis. As per the standard practice, the external debt data for the quarter ending March and June are released by RBI; the data as at September-end and December-end are disseminated by the Ministry of Finance, GOI. Further, Ministry of Finance publishes every year “India’s External Debt-A Status Report” as at March-end. These official documents make incisive analysis of the composition, size, sustainability, trend and overall management of India’s external debt.
As per RBI, the country’s external debt stock which stood at US$ 405 billion as at June-end 2013 has increased to US$ 450.1 billion as at June-end 2014 registering an increase of 11.1 per cent.
The composition of India’s external debt is shown below:
[Amount: US$ billion]
Composition June 2013 June 2014
Multilateral 51.72 53.74
Bilateral 24.82 24.72
Trade Credit 17.53 16.04
Commercial Borrowing 135.81 153.85
NRI Deposits 71.12 106.25
Short-Term ( Trade Credit) 96.76 87.90
International Monetary Fund 5.98 6.15
Rupee Debt 1.25 1.50
(Source: Reserve Bank of India, Press Release, September 30, 2014)
According to RBI’s Annual Report 2013-14, the country’s foreign exchange reserve recorded US$ 316.14 billion vis-à-vis ext
Sustainability of public debt presentation. (1)
The document discusses the sustainability of public debt and fiscal deficits in India. It outlines three views on fiscal deficits - the neoclassical view, Keynesian view, and Ricardian equivalence perspective. It also discusses factors that affect debt sustainability like growth rates, interest rates, primary deficits, and financing of deficits. The document emphasizes the need to control deficits and debt to sustainable levels to avoid negative economic impacts and proposes various strategies to reduce fiscal deficits over time like expenditure rationalization and increasing revenues.
Public debt management
This document provides information about Bilal Qasim Mohammed including his education credentials and work experience. It lists his degrees which include a BSc in Economics, an MSc in Economics with a focus on monetary policy, and professional certificates in public debt management and project management. It also outlines the various jobs he has held over the years including working with NGOs, a university, UNICEF, and currently with the Central Bank of Iraq. The rest of the document appears to cover topics related to fiscal policy, public debt, and debt management.
Deficit financing- Comparison among India, USA, China, Brazil & Italy with re...
Deficit Financing - Comparison among India, USA, China, Brazil & Italy with reference to its impact on their respective economies.
Debt management
The document discusses various aspects of public debt management including the types of public debt, objectives and principles of public debt management, and the role of the Reserve Bank of India in managing public debt. Effective public debt management is key to fiscal stability and sustainable economic policy.
Problem of debt servicing
This document discusses the problem of debt servicing for developing countries. It provides an overview of what debt is and outlines some of the root causes of debt crises, such as rising indebtedness from the 1970s-1980s due to economic policies. Debt servicing ratios above 15% of yearly export earnings can cause problems. International debt levels for low and middle income countries decreased 18% in 2014. The document also examines debt issues specifically for India, including an unmanageable accumulation of debt and increased foreign borrowing by large corporations.
Fiscal.phil.epd
The Philippine government faced large budget deficits in 2009 and 2010 as a result of the global financial crisis. The deficit grew from less than 1% of GDP in 2007-2008 to 3.9% of GDP in 2009 as tax revenues fell short of targets. While the debt-to-GDP ratio remained at a manageable 57% in 2009 compared to its peak of 78% in 2004, the Aquino administration planned to focus on social services rather than balancing the budget in the next six years as recommended by the previous administration. However, delays in achieving a balanced budget could negatively impact the country's creditworthiness. The Development Budget Coordination Committee projected the budget deficit would decrease and the debt-to-GDP ratio would
Fiscal Imbalance and Deficit Financing
This ppt contains
Budget
Fiscal Imbalance
Deficit
Deficit Financing
Harshit Jalan
Adverse Effect of Deficit Financing
Need
Is deficit financing inflationary
Deficits and its types
This presentation discusses about the following subtopics:
What is a government deficit?
Types of deficit
What is a revenue deficit?
What is a fiscal deficit?
What is a primary deficit?
Difference between Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Difference between Primary Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Redemption of public debt
The document discusses various methods for redeeming or repaying public debt, including:
1) Refunding existing debt by replacing maturing securities with new securities at lower interest rates.
2) Sinking funds, where governments set aside funds each year plus accrued interest to repay debt over time.
3) Imposing new taxes to generate revenue for repaying loan principal and interest, which may burden future generations.
4) Gradually redeeming debt through issuing terminable annuities that mature annually to bondholders.
The key methods involve lowering interest rates, setting aside dedicated repayment funds, generating new tax revenue, or gradually repaying debt over time through annuities.
The Budget Deficit
A primer on the U.S. federal budget deficit, including an examination of political policies and economic factors adding to the deficit and a look at future deficit projections
External debt in India & other emerging economies
This document provides an overview of external debt in India and other emerging economies. It defines external debt and discusses how India classifies its external debt into categories such as multilateral, bilateral, commercial borrowings, and NRI deposits. The document also examines India's external debt indicators, composition, debt service trends, and projections. Additionally, it benchmarks India's external debt metrics against other major developing countries and discusses concepts like sovereign external debt.
Public Debt Philippines
The document discusses the origins and theories of public borrowing and debt. It outlines different periods and schools of thought around public debt, from mercantilism and Adam Smith's criticisms of borrowing, to Keynes' theory of deficit financing. The document also examines development finance models and how borrowing from international organizations like the IMF and World Bank became prominent sources of funds for developing countries pursuing infrastructure and other development projects.
Deficit financing is bad economics but good politics
The document discusses deficit financing, which occurs when a government's expenditures exceed its revenues and the difference is covered by borrowing. Deficit financing is often used during wars, economic depressions, and periods of economic development to stimulate the economy. However, deficit financing also carries risks like higher interest payments, inflation, and limitations on using debt for productive investments. The document advocates for prudent fiscal management to reduce deficits and cut non-essential spending in order to address financial crises.
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This chapter discusses deficit spending and the public debt. It begins with an introduction stating that in recent years, federal government expenditures have exceeded receipts, requiring borrowing of over $1 trillion per year. The chapter will contemplate the implications of this federal borrowing. It then lists learning objectives, including explaining how deficits occur and evaluating when public debt could burden future generations. The chapter outline and a discussion of rising deficits and debts in the US follow.
Deficit financing
Deficit financing is when a government finances its budgetary deficit through borrowing or increasing the money supply. In India it refers to expenditures exceeding current revenues, with public borrowing to cover the difference. The main types of deficits are the budget, revenue, fiscal, and primary deficits. Fiscal deficits in India have increased substantially over time, from 23 billion rupees in 1974-75 to over 5 trillion rupees in 2012-13. Deficit financing can be used to remedy economic issues but comes with adverse effects like inflation, reduced savings and investment, and higher production costs.
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Debt Management
The document discusses various aspects of public debt management. It defines public debt as debt borrowed by the government from the public through various methods. It notes that the Reserve Bank of India formed an internal debt management cell in 1992. Public debt management involves decisions around the form, maturity, and ownership of new and existing debt instruments. The objective is to achieve fiscal and monetary policy goals like inflation control while minimizing interest costs and maintaining investor satisfaction. It discusses different types of public debt instruments and the objectives and principles of effective public debt management.
External debt of india
India's external debt has increased to $485.8 billion as of June 2017. External debt includes commercial borrowings, NRI deposits, and short-term trade credits. The largest components are commercial borrowings at 37.8% and NRI deposits at 24.3%. Debts are denominated in US dollars, Indian rupees, SDRs, Japanese yen, and euros. India has historically relied on loans from the World Bank and IMF to support economic development projects in infrastructure, agriculture, and other sectors.
External Debt Management
India's external debt increased from $404.9 billion to $426 billion between March and December 2013. This was mainly due to a rise in long-term debt, particularly an increase in NRI deposits under a special swap window. Long-term debt accounted for 78.2% of total external debt. Short-term debt declined slightly. The ratio of short-term debt to foreign exchange reserves fell to 31.5% while the ratio of concessional debt to total debt declined to 10.6%. Key factors contributing to the rise in external debt in recent times include increases in both long-term and short-term debt components.
Public debt management agency....
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is responsible for managing India's public debt, especially debt denominated in the domestic currency. The management of the central government's debt is conducted by RBI under statutory provisions that oblige the central government to delegate its debt management to the RBI.
India's External Debt
India’s Resilient External Debt
Summary:
The official documents published by GOI and RBI make incisive analysis of the composition, size, sustainability, trend and overall management of India’s external debt.
As per RBI, the country’s external debt stock which stood at US$ 405 billion as at June-end 2013 has increased to US$ 450.1 billion as at June-end 2014 registering an increase of 11.1 per cent.
According to IMF, debt service -to-export ratio is a key indicator as a measure of repaying capacity of a country. The lower the ratio, the less vulnerable is the economy to external shocks. The debt service ratio of India which peaked 35.3 per cent in 1990-91 in the wake of Balance of Payment crisis declined to 16.6 per cent in 2000-01 and further brought down to a more comfortable level of 5.9 per cent in 2013-14. The import cover of reserves, which stood at 9.5 months at end-March 2011 has declined to 7.0 months at the end-March 2013, still above comfort level. The CAD to GDP ratio deteriorated to 4.7 per cent in 2012-13, mainly on account of slowdown in major trading partners and rise in gold imports. It, however, improved to 1.7 per cent in 2013-14 due to measures taken by policy makers. The rising level of external debt does not necessarily translate into increasing debt burden, as it would also depend on the growth, growth potential of the economy and the export earnings.
I
ndia’s external debt is characterized by resilience and sustainability. The country’s external debt statistics are compiled and disseminated by Government of India (GOI) and Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on a quarterly basis. As per the standard practice, the external debt data for the quarter ending March and June are released by RBI; the data as at September-end and December-end are disseminated by the Ministry of Finance, GOI. Further, Ministry of Finance publishes every year “India’s External Debt-A Status Report” as at March-end. These official documents make incisive analysis of the composition, size, sustainability, trend and overall management of India’s external debt.
As per RBI, the country’s external debt stock which stood at US$ 405 billion as at June-end 2013 has increased to US$ 450.1 billion as at June-end 2014 registering an increase of 11.1 per cent.
The composition of India’s external debt is shown below:
[Amount: US$ billion]
Composition June 2013 June 2014
Multilateral 51.72 53.74
Bilateral 24.82 24.72
Trade Credit 17.53 16.04
Commercial Borrowing 135.81 153.85
NRI Deposits 71.12 106.25
Short-Term ( Trade Credit) 96.76 87.90
International Monetary Fund 5.98 6.15
Rupee Debt 1.25 1.50
(Source: Reserve Bank of India, Press Release, September 30, 2014)
According to RBI’s Annual Report 2013-14, the country’s foreign exchange reserve recorded US$ 316.14 billion vis-à-vis ext
Sustainability of public debt presentation. (1)
The document discusses the sustainability of public debt and fiscal deficits in India. It outlines three views on fiscal deficits - the neoclassical view, Keynesian view, and Ricardian equivalence perspective. It also discusses factors that affect debt sustainability like growth rates, interest rates, primary deficits, and financing of deficits. The document emphasizes the need to control deficits and debt to sustainable levels to avoid negative economic impacts and proposes various strategies to reduce fiscal deficits over time like expenditure rationalization and increasing revenues.
Public debt management
This document provides information about Bilal Qasim Mohammed including his education credentials and work experience. It lists his degrees which include a BSc in Economics, an MSc in Economics with a focus on monetary policy, and professional certificates in public debt management and project management. It also outlines the various jobs he has held over the years including working with NGOs, a university, UNICEF, and currently with the Central Bank of Iraq. The rest of the document appears to cover topics related to fiscal policy, public debt, and debt management.
Deficit financing- Comparison among India, USA, China, Brazil & Italy with re...
Deficit Financing - Comparison among India, USA, China, Brazil & Italy with reference to its impact on their respective economies.
Debt management
The document discusses various aspects of public debt management including the types of public debt, objectives and principles of public debt management, and the role of the Reserve Bank of India in managing public debt. Effective public debt management is key to fiscal stability and sustainable economic policy.
Problem of debt servicing
This document discusses the problem of debt servicing for developing countries. It provides an overview of what debt is and outlines some of the root causes of debt crises, such as rising indebtedness from the 1970s-1980s due to economic policies. Debt servicing ratios above 15% of yearly export earnings can cause problems. International debt levels for low and middle income countries decreased 18% in 2014. The document also examines debt issues specifically for India, including an unmanageable accumulation of debt and increased foreign borrowing by large corporations.
Fiscal.phil.epd
The Philippine government faced large budget deficits in 2009 and 2010 as a result of the global financial crisis. The deficit grew from less than 1% of GDP in 2007-2008 to 3.9% of GDP in 2009 as tax revenues fell short of targets. While the debt-to-GDP ratio remained at a manageable 57% in 2009 compared to its peak of 78% in 2004, the Aquino administration planned to focus on social services rather than balancing the budget in the next six years as recommended by the previous administration. However, delays in achieving a balanced budget could negatively impact the country's creditworthiness. The Development Budget Coordination Committee projected the budget deficit would decrease and the debt-to-GDP ratio would
Fiscal Imbalance and Deficit Financing
This ppt contains
Budget
Fiscal Imbalance
Deficit
Deficit Financing
Harshit Jalan
Adverse Effect of Deficit Financing
Need
Is deficit financing inflationary
Deficits and its types
This presentation discusses about the following subtopics:
What is a government deficit?
Types of deficit
What is a revenue deficit?
What is a fiscal deficit?
What is a primary deficit?
Difference between Fiscal Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Difference between Primary Deficit and Revenue Deficit
Redemption of public debt
The document discusses various methods for redeeming or repaying public debt, including:
1) Refunding existing debt by replacing maturing securities with new securities at lower interest rates.
2) Sinking funds, where governments set aside funds each year plus accrued interest to repay debt over time.
3) Imposing new taxes to generate revenue for repaying loan principal and interest, which may burden future generations.
4) Gradually redeeming debt through issuing terminable annuities that mature annually to bondholders.
The key methods involve lowering interest rates, setting aside dedicated repayment funds, generating new tax revenue, or gradually repaying debt over time through annuities.
The Budget Deficit
A primer on the U.S. federal budget deficit, including an examination of political policies and economic factors adding to the deficit and a look at future deficit projections
External debt in India & other emerging economies
This document provides an overview of external debt in India and other emerging economies. It defines external debt and discusses how India classifies its external debt into categories such as multilateral, bilateral, commercial borrowings, and NRI deposits. The document also examines India's external debt indicators, composition, debt service trends, and projections. Additionally, it benchmarks India's external debt metrics against other major developing countries and discusses concepts like sovereign external debt.
Public Debt Philippines
The document discusses the origins and theories of public borrowing and debt. It outlines different periods and schools of thought around public debt, from mercantilism and Adam Smith's criticisms of borrowing, to Keynes' theory of deficit financing. The document also examines development finance models and how borrowing from international organizations like the IMF and World Bank became prominent sources of funds for developing countries pursuing infrastructure and other development projects.
Deficit financing is bad economics but good politics
The document discusses deficit financing, which occurs when a government's expenditures exceed its revenues and the difference is covered by borrowing. Deficit financing is often used during wars, economic depressions, and periods of economic development to stimulate the economy. However, deficit financing also carries risks like higher interest payments, inflation, and limitations on using debt for productive investments. The document advocates for prudent fiscal management to reduce deficits and cut non-essential spending in order to address financial crises.
Chapter 14 Powerpoint
This chapter discusses deficit spending and the public debt. It begins with an introduction stating that in recent years, federal government expenditures have exceeded receipts, requiring borrowing of over $1 trillion per year. The chapter will contemplate the implications of this federal borrowing. It then lists learning objectives, including explaining how deficits occur and evaluating when public debt could burden future generations. The chapter outline and a discussion of rising deficits and debts in the US follow.
Deficit financing
Deficit financing is when a government finances its budgetary deficit through borrowing or increasing the money supply. In India it refers to expenditures exceeding current revenues, with public borrowing to cover the difference. The main types of deficits are the budget, revenue, fiscal, and primary deficits. Fiscal deficits in India have increased substantially over time, from 23 billion rupees in 1974-75 to over 5 trillion rupees in 2012-13. Deficit financing can be used to remedy economic issues but comes with adverse effects like inflation, reduced savings and investment, and higher production costs.
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Deficit financing is bad economics but good politics
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This document defines ethics and discusses its scope and methods. It provides several definitions of ethics, describing it as the science of customs or habits in society and the study of right and good human conduct. It notes ethics is a normative science that seeks to determine moral standards rather than describe natural phenomena. The document outlines several methods of ethics, including psychological, historical, and metaphysical approaches. It states the true method is both empirical and transcendental, systematically explaining moral judgments. The objective of ethics is defining the highest good for humans or society as a basis for moral reasoning.
Professional ethics presentation
This document discusses ethics, morality, and professional ethics. It defines ethics as moral principles that govern a person's behavior or conduct, morality as distinguishing between right and wrong actions, and etiquette as governing social behavior within a group. Professional ethics refer to one's conduct while performing professional work. Legal ethics establish standards for behavior within the legal profession. The document also discusses various theories of ethics, including meta-ethics concerning the origins of ethical principles, and applied ethics examining controversial issues. It emphasizes the importance of ethics for professions in establishing duties and minimum standards of practice.
Workplace etiquette & manners
This document defines workplace etiquette and manners. It discusses that etiquette establishes rules for socially acceptable behavior and is derived from French meaning "ticket" to getting things you want. Good etiquette distinguishes humans from animals. Maintaining etiquette avoids negative confrontation, politics, tensions and conflicts while promoting effective communication, organization, employee satisfaction, productivity and a stress-free workplace. Basic etiquette includes exhibiting a positive attitude, using good eye contact, appropriate introductions with titles, rising during introductions, listening skills, respecting others, monitoring conversation volume, maintaining privacy, avoiding interruptions and gossip. Making a positive impression involves arriving on time, exercising maturity, respecting others' expertise, proper posture, using manners like "please
Workplace Ethics PowerPoint Presentation
slides on understanding workplace ethics, what it affects, benefits of workplace ethics, slides on ethic codes, codes of conduct, values, ethic programs, required resources, two ethical styles, 3 steps to resolve ethical dilemmas and how to address ethical dilemmas, guidelines and slides on implementing ethic programs, detecting 6 key roles and responsibilities, guidelines for moral decision making, 10 common ethic code provisions, 15 slides on creating an effective code of conduct, and more.
Ethics
Ethics involves moral standards that govern behavior and determine what is good versus bad. Ethical behavior follows principles of moral reasoning and can vary across cultures. Upholding ethics in business requires balancing universal moral standards with local cultural norms. Many factors influence individual and organizational ethics, including moral development, values, leadership, and structural influences within a company.
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public debt deficit
- 1. Debt and Deficit 1. Formulas 2.Figures 3.Fiscal repression
- 3. • Total Receipts •Revenue •capital • Total Expenditure •Revenue •capital Budget Deficit
- 4. • Total Receipts •Revenue •capital • Total Expenditure •Revenue •capital Budget Deficit
- 6. Sukhmoy Chakravarti: 97-98 Budget Deficit Fiscal Deficit + Market Borrowing - Interest Payments Primary Deficit
- 7. Fiscal deficit, primary deficit
- 8. પ્રભાવી મહેસુલ ખાધ Revenue Expenditure - Receipts Revenue Deficit - Grants for Capital Asset creation Effective Revenue deficit
- 10. FRBM Act
- 11. Revenue deficit 0% by 31/3/2008 fiscal deficit 3% of GDP by 31/3/2009 FRBM Act 2003
- 12. 2012 amendment ERD 0% => 2015, 31st March FD 3% => 2017,31st March FRBM
- 14. 2006 Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBMA) concerns with __. A. Fiscal deficit only B. Revenue deficit only C. Both fiscal deficit and revenue deficit D. Neither fiscal deficit nor revenue deficit
- 15. CAPF 2014 Data presented in Interim Budget for 2014 — 2015 reveal that for the financial year 2013 — 2014, the revised estimates do not show a decline in ____. A. Revenue deficit B. Effective revenue deficit C. Fiscal deficit D. Primary deficit
- 17. CAPF 2014 Data presented in Interim Budget for 2014 — 2015 reveal that for the financial year 2013 — 2014, the revised estimates do not show a decline in ____. A. Revenue deficit B. Effective revenue deficit C. Fiscal deficit D. Primary. deficit
- 18. High CAD High Fiscal Deficit Economic Survey: improved Twin Deficit
- 19. Economic survey Reforms in Public Debt Management • Ch.2 Issues and priorities • Ch.3 Public Finance
- 20. Public Debt => SLR, G-Sec to LIC/EPFO Less return (~8%) Less incentive in Financial assets More investment in gold, real estate, overseas Financial Repression વવત્તીય દમન
- 21. 2012: household savings 7% of GDP 2012: total borrowing by Union + State = 7.1% “resource pre-emption” for private sector More reliance on ECB => Currency volatility NPA Financial Repression વવત્તીય દમન
- 22. Solution: Public Debt Management authority PDMA will sell G-Sec on voluntary basis Same recommendations Vijay Kelar (13th FC) Justice BN Srikrishna (FSLRC) Sweden, NZ, Germany, Denmark etc have similar. Financial Repression વવત્તીય દમન
- 23. 2011: bill, but not passed 2014 Interim budget proposed Non-statutory PDMA (1/4/2014) but regime change Economic Survey recommends same full budget silent Financial Repression વવત્તીય દમન