PUB5754 Finding Empirical Evidence
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A presentation provided to UWA PUB5754 Clinical Epidemiology to support their research focus on finding empirical evidence.
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PUB5754 Finding Empirical Evidence
- 1. Finding Empirical Evidence PUB5754 – Clinical Epidemiology Finding Empirical Evidence PUB5754 – Clinical Epidemiology Lucia Ravi Librarian Medical and Dental Library Lucia Ravi Librarian Medical and Dental Library
- 2. Research Purpose Develop a health promotion review that addresses a core risk factor associated with NCD’s using empirical evidence •Impact and consequence of the health risk factor in Australia (500 words) •Known causes of the risk factor and population burden based on review papers (1200 words) •Summary of known preventative actions - focus no more then 4 intervention strategies using high level EBP (1800 words) Assessment Summary:
- 3. Research Skills – Construct an effective search strategy – Know what types of medical resources are available and how to search them – Understand the different levels of hierarchies of evidence available to them; – focus your search strategy on high level, synthesised sources of evidence Relevant Search Skills:
- 4. Search Strategy Risk Factor: impact, causes, context in Australia Identifying key concepts, terms: Unhealthy Eating Impact Australia “poor diet” causes consequences reasons Western Australia WA
- 5. Search Strategy Risk Factor: impact, causes, context in Australia Adding Boolean logic, truncation and phrases: “Unhealthy Eating” OR Impact OR Australia OR “poor diet” Nutrition Obesity Obes*e/ity causes consequences Reason*s epidemiology Etiology Western Australia WA Austral* ia, ian, s • Use quotations “…….” to search for a phrase • Use asterix * to find all term derivatives • Use OR to search for/identify all similar concepts • Use AND to combine concepts and identify results that include both AND AND
- 6. Boolean Logic AND retrieves all the articles with both ‘Diabetes’ and ‘Indigenous’ OR retrieves all the articles containing either ‘Aboriginal’ or ‘Indigenous’ or both NOT retrieves all the articles containing ‘Indigenous’ but not those about ‘Canada’
- 7. Search Tips Phrases and Truncation: smok* = smoke, smoker, smoking Austral* = Australia, Australian, Australians, Australasian 4. Use Quotation Marks for Phrases “cigarette smoking”
- 8. Search Strategy Constructing a search string (“unhealthy eating” OR “poor diet” OR obes*) AND (“austral*) AND (impact OR cause* OR epidemiology OR etiology OR aetiology) In most databases enclosing terms in brackets will help order how concepts will be searched.
- 9. The Grey Literature Finding sources for the Australian context:
- 10. Search Tips Grey Literature Have a go: Search one of the sources •AIHW •ABS •WHO Identify one possible item Share with a neighbour YouTube Link
- 11. Research Purpose Develop a health promotion review that addresses a core risk factor associated with NCD’s using empirical evidence •Impact and consequence of the health risk factor in Australia (500 words) •Known causes of the risk factor and population burden based on review papers (1200 words) •Summary of known preventative actions - focus no more then 4 intervention strategies using high level EBP (1800 words) Assessment Summary:
- 12. Search Databases Australian Context Have a go: Search one of the sources •AUSTHealth •Heath & Medical Complete •CINAHL Plus Identify one possible item Save or send an item Share with a neighbourYouTube Link
- 13. Hierarchy of Evidence Decision support systems Problem focused, multiple questions Simple, single questions
- 14. Hierarchy of Evidence The hierarchy of evidence is: •A hierarchy of the likely best evidence •Designed to be used as a shortcut by busy clinicians and researchers to find the best evidence •Assists researchers to conduct their own rapid appraisal University of Oxford, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. (2011). The 2011 Oxford CEBM levels of evidence: introductory document. Retrieved from: http://www.cebm.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CEBM-Levels-of-Evidence-Introduction-2.1.pdf
- 17. Evidence Based Guidelines and Summaries • Developed by synthesising the highest level of evidence available • Provide recommendations supported by that evidence • May take into account resources and practices relevant to the organisation • Concise and clinically relevant
- 18. Hierarchy of Evidence National Health and Medical Research Council. (2009). NHMRC Levels of Evidence and Grades for Recommendations for Developers of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Retrieved from: https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/_files_nhmrc/file/guidelines/developers/nhmrc_levels_grades_evidence_120423.pdf
- 20. Clinical Practice Resources Have a go: Search one of the sources •BMJ Best Practice •UpToDate •ClinicalKey Share with a neighbour Clinical Practice YouTube Link
- 21. Search Systematic Review Databases for Interventions Have a go: Search one of the sources •Cochrane •Medline •Embase •PsychInfo Save searches and items Share with a neighbour YouTube Link
- 22. Contact the University Library http://library.uwa.edu.au 9346 7570 – Medical and Dental Library medref-lib@uwa.edu.au http://facebook.com/UWALibrary @UWALibrary
Editor's Notes
- Hi, My name is ……… and I’m one of the Science Librarians at the Barry J Marshall Library.
- Stress the importance in research of always having your research question in mind. Some important points about the requirements of this assessment (and research) Having decided on the health risk area you are to focus on you need to be able to discuss its impact and consequence here in Australia (I will give you some tips on this) Second point is asking you to expand more on the known causes, how they impact different populations.. again most relevant here in Oz, if your promotional review is targeting an Australia audience but perhaps more too as based on high level reviews.. (As you search and you may need to think about ways you limit to demographics, or etiology (the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.) or epidemiology (the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health). Third point – shift from context and causes to interventions – (ask who knows what EBP stands for – Evidence based Practice – referring to evidence higher in the levels of hierarchy – show of hands familiarity with these concepts – assure will cover briefly and show where further resources can be found)/
- This workshop will focus on developing these research skills so as to support you in answering the questions about your risk factor for your promotional review. Be able to identify and effectively search a range of medical/health resources to locate information relevant to addressing each of the review requirements. Construct an effective search strategy Know what types of resources are available and how to search them Understand that search results will deliver different levels of evidence and focus their search strategy on high level, synthesised sources of evidence. Understand the different levels of hierarchies of evidence available to them; Have strategies for limiting to and evaluating these
- Before you start any search, it’s important to spend a little bit of time: Breaking down your search topic identifying the core concepts important to your research, Coming up with other keywords/terms used to describe your topic and thinking about how you combine them. Other terms you could add: Nutrition Obesity For impact: Do you know of any medical terms that could help: Epidemilogy – study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events Aetiology It is worth putting some thought into what your concepts are and how you might
- Before you start any search, it’s important to spend a little bit of time: Breaking down your search topic identifying the core concepts important to your research, Coming up with other keywords/terms used to describe your topic and thinking about how you combine them. Other terms you could add: Nutrition Obesity For impact: Do you know of any medical terms that could help: Epidemilogy – study of the distribution and determinants of health related states or events Aetiology It is worth putting some thought into what your concepts are and how you might
- Remember our boolean logic terms? What are they? Note: the NOT excludes items containing both ‘indigenous’ and Canada – potentially relevant results? Use NOT with caution, generally for refining a search only or for multiple meanings of the same word, eg China (country) vs china (porcelain).
- Use the truncation symbol (usually an asterisk) to broaden your search.
- Explain Boolean and Brackets. Explain that you use broad terms at this early stage, can increase specificity if retrieving too many results. Would not necessarily use all of the terms developed, you are starting a process of seeing which work best in the different resources we will search.
- Who is familiar with the term Grey Literature and can tell me what it is? Often used to refer to government or non-government, organisation or agency sources of information (reports, data etc) that are gathered by them and that may not otherwise be able to be located in bibliographic databases which have as their greater focus published items such as books, articles and research… sometimes reports are captured in some databases. Can represent the most direct route to information about a specific population, especially in a country like Australia. Population health guide: Statistics, reports and website page: Explain what a subject guide is and what it is.. Direct to the guide and to search for their specific risk factor… Example:
- Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website
- Stress the importance in research of always having your research question in mind. Some important points about the requirements of this assessment (and research) Having decided on the health risk area you are to focus on you need to be able to discuss its impact and consequence here in Australia (I will give you some tips on this) Second point is asking you to expand more on the known causes, how they impact different populations.. again most relevant here in Oz, if your promotional review is targeting an Australia audience but perhaps more too as based on high level reviews.. (As you search and you may need to think about ways you limit to demographics, or etiology (the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition.) or epidemiology (the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health). Third point – shift from context and causes to interventions – (ask who knows what EBP stands for – Evidence based Practice – referring to evidence higher in the levels of hierarchy – show of hands familiarity with these concepts – assure will cover briefly and show where further resources can be found)/
- Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website
- This pyramid represents the hierarchy of evidence that can be used to answer clinical questions. It will help lead you to the best resources where you can find evidence for your question. The higher the level of evidence (clinical importance) the less information out there for you to find. Higher levels of evidence are problem focused. In your exploration of EBP and hierarchies of evidence you may come across slightly different hierarchies, this is the UWA FMDHS endorsed hierarchy of evidence.
- This pyramid represents the hierarchy of evidence that can be used to answer clinical questions. It will help lead you to the best resources where you can find evidence for your question. The higher the level of evidence (clinical importance) the less information out there for you to find. Higher levels of evidence are problem focused. In your exploration of EBP and hierarchies of evidence you may come across slightly different hierarchies, this is the UWA FMDHS endorsed hierarchy of evidence.
- More information about the hierarchy: The bottom layer of the main hierarchy – single studies – has its own hierarchy depending on the original type of study performed.
- Systematic Reviews aim to– use a transparent process to identify, appraise, and summarise studies in relation to a defined clinical question. They summarise a particular set of similar studies often focused on a particular intervention , but they are not a survey of available evidence. They may or may not include a meta-analysis. The final report will include their search strategies, keywords, subject headings.
- EB Guidelines: use evidence drawn from systematic reviews and studies. Problem focussed. EB Summaries: drawn on systematic reviews or the best available primary studies to integrate the highest level of available evidence and thereby provide a full range of management options for your given problem. You will not find any decision support systems – because the problem they consider is so focussed. But the library provides access to a range of resources covering the other levels of the pyramid.
- This pyramid represents the hierarchy of evidence that can be used to answer clinical questions. It will help lead you to the best resources where you can find evidence for your question. The higher the level of evidence (clinical importance) the less information out there for you to find. Higher levels of evidence are problem focused. In your exploration of EBP and hierarchies of evidence you may come across slightly different hierarchies, this is the UWA FMDHS endorsed hierarchy of evidence.
- Shown them how to navigate to this Guide from the UWA website. Library’s guide to resources for answering clinical questions. The second tab in the guide that you can see here lists EBP resources available through the library catalogue, and tells which level of evidence you will find within. You can see a table of different resources we have, and the level of evidence you can find in each. The green button next to each connects to a database-specific guide that lists tips for searching, tips on how to broaden or narrow your search, the best clinical use of the information, and positives and negatives of that particular resource. Includes tips on how to broaden your search and how to narrow your search, and tips on using truncation and wildcards.
- Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website
- Example: View Subject, Publication and Data tab to see if there is information on your topic OR try searching your terms within a website