PSYCHO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
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The document discusses Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory. It outlines the eight stages of development according to Erikson, from infancy to old age. Each stage involves a psychosocial crisis where success or failure influences development. The document also discusses criticisms of Erikson's theory and its implications for education, including the role of teachers in facilitating student development.
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PSYCHO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY
- 1. PSYCHO-SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT THEORY Name: Nivedha Ganesan College: Loyola College of Education TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 2. Humanistic Approach to Learning This approach believes that the inner world of the learner is of utmost importance and hence focuses on the learner’s emotions, thoughts, feelings, etc., to understand human development Lei, 2007 TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 3. • 1902 – 1994 • School drop out • Coined term “identity crisis” Erik Homburger Erikson • Born in Germany • Bullied in early life TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 4. Introduction Erikson's stage theory characterizes individuals advancing through the eight life stages on a biological as well as a sociocultural aspect TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 5. Stages 0 – 1.5 y INFANC Y 1.5 – 3 y EARLY CHILDHOO D 3 – 5 y PRESCHOO L 5 – 12 y MIDDLE CHILDHOO D 12 – 19 y adolescenc e 20 – 40 y YOUNG ADULT 40 – 50 y MIDDLE AGE >65 y OLD AGE TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 6. PSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES Sl. Age (years) Stage Psychosocial Crisis Psychosocial Strength Environmental Influence A 0 – 1.5 Infancy Trust vs Mistrust Hope Maternal B 1.5 – 3 Early Childhood Autonomy vs Shame Will Power Parents C 3 – 5 Preschool Initiative vs Guilt Purpose Parents, family, friends D 5 – 12 Middle childhood Industry vs Inferiority Competence School E 13 – 19 Adolescence Identity Crisis vs Role Confusion Fidelity Peers F 20 – 40 Young adult Intimacy vs Isolation Love Spouse, Friends G 40 – 50 Middle age Generativity vs Stagnation Care Family, Scoiety H >65 Old age Integrity vs Despair Wisdom Everyone TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 7. CLICK THE REQUIRED TABS ↓ A Infancy Child is helpless Needs constant care and addressing of needs If consistent → learn trust for future relationships Otherwise → suspicion, anxiety Trust vs Mistrust B Early Childhood Children become more independent Start to explore the world around them If encouraged → confident, secure Otherwise → lack of self esteem, doubt Autonomy vs Shame C chool rowth arts school o socialize any questions raged → leadership, initiative se → fear, self doubt, guilt itiative vs GuiltD ood ls rtant s importance proval raged → Competent erior, doubtful nferiority TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 8. E Identity Crisis vs Role Confusion dolescence In-between childhood and adult Important stage Lots of emotional instability Explores identity Strong need to fit in Searching for social role If encouraged → faith, belief Otherwise → confusion F ung Adult arn how to maintain lationships with self and hers successful → successful lationships with trust and mmitment herwise → loneliness, pression Intimacy vs Isolation G ge nt to contribute to e successful in all life – social, al, personal, etc. fully → hment, usefulness → disconnected, ive, uninvolved nerativity vs Stagnation H ave been people ness sfaction, ath PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 9. Educational Link CLICK ME TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 10. Criticism No resolution for failed levels Exact mechanisms of success or failure are unknown If one stage is incomplete, no evidence of being successful at the next stageFeminists believe Erikson based his theory on males rather than both sexes Excess focus on childhood and not on adulthood TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 11. Educational Implications Learner centered methods Learner autonomy Focus on individualism Holistic development Teacher as facilitator Learner empowerment TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 12. Role of Teacher Be aware of students levels Provide leaner scaffolding when needed Provide resources for students to make the right choices Offer developmental opportunities for students Provide role models for students Give realistic, accurate and immediate feedback TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 13. Conclusion Due to early childhood traumatic experiences, Erik Erikson was able to use those hardships to develop a theory that encases all the ages of man and give a generalized step by step process of the kind of development that one undergoes on a sociological as well as psychological basis. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory, though developed in the mid 1900s, has a vast application in the classroom situation even today. Teachers can use aspects of this theory in order to better relate to students to ensure that student have the resources required to achieve holistic development. TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 14. References • Perry, Winne, Woolfolk (2011), Educational Psychology • Miller (2011), Theories of Developmental psychology • Khatib M., Najafi Sarem S., Hamidi, H. (2013), Humanistic education: concerns, implications and applications • Erikson (1950), Childhood and Society • Department of Educational Technology, SNDT Women's University, Mumbai • Sunil Batra (2013), The Psychosocial Development of Children TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 15. References • Harwood R., Vasta, Miller S. A. (2008), Child Psychology: Development In A Changing Society • Montgomery M. J. (2001), Feminist Perspectives On Erikson’s Theory • Erikson, Joan M. (1997), The Life Cycle Completed: Extended Version • Stevens, Richard (1983), Erik Erikson: An Introduction • Bee, H. L. (1992), The Developing Child • Freud, S. (1923), The Ego And The Id • McAdams, D. P. (2001), The Psychology Of Life Stories TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.
- 16. THE END TCP PRESENTO 2020, THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF PRECEPTORS, MADURAI.