John Dewey was an American philosopher and educational reformer. He believed that reality is dependent on human experience and the environment. For Dewey, education starts with the interests and needs of the child, and involves experiential learning through projects and group work. He saw the teacher's role as a facilitator rather than an authoritarian, using methods like inquiry, problem-solving and integrated curriculums. Dewey argued that society, the individual and knowledge are all interconnected and develop through continuous experiences.

2. Philosophy of john Dewey
John Dewey

3. Presented by group # 7:
ZAHAR ALI
GHULAM ABASS
M SHEBAZ
M JAVED IQBAL
John Dewey
(1859 - 1952)

4. General Information
American pragmatic philosopher,
psychologist and educational
reformer whose ideas have been
influential in education,
philosophy, and psychology.
known best for his publications
about education, but he also
wrote about other topics such as
experience, nature, art, logic,
inquiry, democracy, and ethics.

5. Time Line
 On October 20, 1859 John Dewey was born in
Burlington, Vermont, from a modest family. He was
married twice and had six children.
 In 1879 he graduated from the University of
Vermont (Phi Beta Kappa). Then, he worked as a
high-school teacher in Pennsylvania and as a
elementary school teacher in Vermont. So, after
studying philosophy independently, he entered
the graduate program in philosophy at Johns
Hopkins University to receive his Ph.D.
 From 1884 to 1894 he had a faculty position at the
University of Michigan.
 In 1894 Dewey joined the University of Chicago
where emerged his Pragmatic Philosophy.

6.  In 1903 Dewey also set up the “University of
Chicago Laboratory Schools” to actualize the
pedagogical beliefs that provided material for his
first major work on education, “The School and
Social Progress” (1899).
 In 1899, Dewey was elected president of the
American Psychological Association.
 From 1904 until his retirement in 1930, he was
professor of philosophy at both Columbia University
and Columbia University's Teachers College.
 In 1905 he became president of the American
Philosophical Association.
 Years later, the United States Postal Service honored
John Dewey with a Prominent Americans series 30¢
postage stamp.
 Nowadays, Dewey is considered one of the
founders of The New School.

7. Writings
Major Dewey's educational theories
were presented in these writings:
 My Pedagogic Creed (1897)
 The School and Society (1900)
 The Child and the Curriculum (1902)
 Democracy and Education (1916)
 Experience and Education (1938)

8. John Dewey’s Philosophy
 Education starts with the needs and interests
of the child, allows the child to participate in
planning her course of study, employ project
method or group learning, depend heavily or
experiential learning
 Children are active, organic beings…needing
both freedom and responsibility
 Ideas are not separate from social
conditions, philosophy has a
responsibility to society

9. Concept of reality
What is reality

10. Concept of reality
 Dewey sees reality as
changeable and dependent on
the experience and
environment . Dewey belief that
there is no absolutes and
constant . Reality exists only
function of human mind , which
uses social experience and
scientific method .

11. Concept of Reality
 Reality is that which is exist, and
Which can be proved through
experience and provide ease for
solving problems effectively
Dewey also believe that reality comes
in to existence through mutual
relation of environment and man .
For Dewey the thing which can not
be in the reach of man that cannot
be called reality.

12. Concept of reality
For Dewey a thing is real or
not is probably not as
important as whether it has
practical and useful
application which are good
for both individual and
society in which one
operates.

13. Concept of God
There is no god and there is no
soul . Hence, there is no need
props of traditional religion with
dogma and creed excluded
than immutable truth is dead
and buried there is no room for
fixed and natural law or
permanent moral absolutes.

14. Dewey’s religious views can be
found in numbers of his works
but more briefly stated in A
Common Faith
Dewey tells that religious donor
require acceptance of
supernatural beliefs. He
thought that some religions
have negative, effects ,
because they separate and
classify people

15. Religious concept of
Dewey
He rejected both
supernaturalism and militant
atheism and promoted a
consideration of the human
being in the realm of nature
.religious ideas are rooted in
humanity’s natural needs.

16. Concept of society
 Dewey says that there could be no true
individuality without humane,
democratic, and educative social
condition.
 Dewey an ideal society is democratic
society.

17. Concept of society
 One of the concern of Dewey's work is
the treatment of individuality in the social
world
 Dewey viewed subjectivity and objectivity
in a precarious balance those who also
have transactional relationship
 Dewey finally said that individuality and
sociality are interrelated to on another
and one cannot prosper with out other

18. Concept of society
 Dewey thought that modern industrialism
 submerged the individuality and society,
because confusion of modern society.
 Dewey argues that school should be a
which nurture individuality and sociality of
child.
 According to Dewey individuality is
important, because it is the source of
novelty and change in humans.

19. Concept of knowledge
 For Dewey knowledge that is produced
as the relational result of man and
environment. Truth is the important
characteristic of knowledge
 Dewey says that authentic and reliable
knowledge is that that we attained
through experience. Knowledge is
nothing except than human experience.

20. Concept of Knowledge
 Dewey beliefs that knowledge is the result
of practicality. therefore knowledge
cannot be separated from practical.
Knowledge itself have no existence. If
the knowledge flustered from experience
than knowledge cannot be remain exist.
Knowledge cannot be attained without
experience.
 So we can say that experience is the main
source of knowledge .

21. Concept of Knowledge
 In short Dewey says that education
cannot be separated from experiences.
Dewey thinks that education is not
attained through each experience.
Educational experience will be that
experience that become the source for
more experiences.

22. Concept of knowledge
 Experience is the foundation of Dewey's
philosophy
 Experience it self is effectible and effected
phenomena . Environment creates some
problems and hurdles for man, which try to
influence man f which is impressing element
of experience. In new condition produced by
experience a man try to adjust himself in this
condition of environment. It is the influencing
element of experience.

23. Dewey’s CONCEPT OF VALUE
 Dewey belief that values can be
empirically by observing the actual
preferences and enjoyment
Dewey prefer empirical view of value
because he associate values with the
concrete experience of desires and
satisfaction
Dewy vigorously oppose the separation of
value and fact,

24. Dewey’s CONCEPT OF VALUE
what is value
Important and lasting beliefs and ideas
shared by a culture about what is good
and bad what is desirable and
undesirable .
The general study of values is called
axiology

25. Dewey’s CONCEPT OF
VALUE
 Dewey believes that values are not ready
made these are constructed which are
 Dewy writes every good consists in satisfaction
of the forces of human nature in welfare
happiness.
 His theory of values culminates in his doctrine
of religion. For him, God is not living reality
 The notion of GOD as he prefers to say , of
the divine refers to the unity of ideas ends or
values that we project in our imagination and
strive to realize by our action.

26. Concept of education
 Education is the means by which the
experience and values of past are
transmitted to the future. The societies
maintains themselves through this
transmission.

27. Concept of education
 Education is the name of experience’s
development and organization through
which the meanings of experience is
increased. As the result of this the
capability of directing upcoming
experiences is increased
 Dewey think that the condition of
education is dynamic , and education is
that force which make aware the life of
man with social requirements and trends.

28. OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION
 Development
 Attainment of social skill
 Promotion of democratic values
 Awareness of civic responsibility
 Cultural development
 Understanding of natural laws
 Training for problem solving
 Community approach

29. Dewey’s Theory of
Curriculum
Dewey has rejected the tendency of traditional
approach to curriculum where knowledge
separated from experience and (made) is
fragmented . When this happens facts are torn
away from experience and made to fit general
principle that may not be help in child centered
curriculum.dewey maintained that result
fragmentation has usually being to focus attention
upon subject matter rather than of the contents of
the child own experience in such approach
children may able to quote passages from
Shakespeare with out seeing how these can
inform them about there own life

30. Concept of curriculum
The school present almost total neglect of there
actual experiences.
Accourding to Dewey there are two major
concern in such cases logical and
psychological. First emphasizes “discipline”
and second “interest”. The error is to see a
gap between a Childs interest and necessary
subject matter for appropriate subject matter
is not something fixed and ready made out
side a child interest. The problem decide

31. Concept of Curriculum
 For Dewey curriculum is nothing more
than social life , which is presented in
simple and understandable form in
classroom . Dewey think that there three
standers which should be included in
curriculum .in these standards first is
psychological , 2nd is social and 3rd is
logical standards. In these standards
psychological and social standards are
more important.

32. Concept of curriculum
 Dewy says that at the time selecting subject
matter individual differences ,personal
interests , psychological needs physical trend
necessary to keep in mind .
 At the time of making of curriculum this should
be keep in mind which things are needs of all
child as the important element of society .


33. Curriculum outlines by
Dewey
 Dewey presented selection of subject
matter under the light of these standard:
 Dewey’s outline of curriculum are as
under.
 Physical and natural sciences
 Social sciences
 Art and literature
 Anthropology

34. Role of teacher
 Dewey recognizes teachers as not only
the main communicators of knowledge
and skills, but also the enforcers of rules of
conduct
 But rather that teachers facilitate a
classroom environment that allows
students to play a role in creating their
own knowledge.

35. Role of teacher
 According to Dewey teachers are “the
organs through which pupils are brought
into effective connection with the
material”


36. Role of teacher
 The experience-based education that
Dewey envisions is a social process, and in
this process the “teacher loses the position
of external boss or dictator but takes on
that of leader of group activities
 As a leader, “Teacher should be a good
administrator and planner because
instituting is a much more difficult work”
that will ultimately result in better
education

37. Dewey’s Role for the
Teacher
 Not the authoritarian but the
facilitator…encourages, offers
suggestions, questions and helps plan and
implement courses of study…has
command of several disciplines
 Inquiry method, problem
 solving, integrated curriculum

38. Method of teaching
 Dewey said that teacher facilitated student
activity as ministry of instruction. He said that
teaching method as like in which needs of student
should be fulfill keep in mind method of teaching.
 Student centered
 Problem solving
 Learning by doing
 Project method
 Demonstration
 Group work
