Psychology of language and thoughts. in this presentation we will explain the psychology of language and thoughts.that how the infants perceive the language and how they react and how they make growth of this psychology and many more.

1. Language and
thoughts

2. Language and
thoughts
 Language
 A system of communication by
which we can express our feelings
and emotions.
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Stages of language and communication
Stage Age Developmental Language and Communication
1 0–3 months Reflexive communication
2 3–8 months Reflexive communication; interest in others
3 8–13 months Intentional communication; sociability
4 12–18 months First words
5 18–24 months Simple sentences of two words
6 2–3 years Sentences of three or more words
7 3–5 years Complex sentences; has conversations

4. Kinds of langauge
 Receptive language
 Expressive language
 Pragmatic language

5. “
○ Receptive language:
What infants understand from the language of others.
Receptive language is the understanding of language “input.
This includes the understanding of both words and gestures
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• Expressive language
psychology
 How babies communicate to others.
 Expressive language is most simply the “output” of
language, how one expresses his or her wants and
needs
 This includes not only words

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• Pragmatic language:
 The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is
called pragmatic competence
 facial expressions, body movements, tone,ideas about when to
speak and for how long.
”

8. Introduction
to Thinking
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○ Cognitive abilities like thinking, reasoning and
problem-solving may be considered to be some of the
main characteristics which differentiate human beings
from other species including the animals.
○ The challenges and problems faced by the individual
or by society, in general are solved through series of
efforts involving thinking and reasoning.

9. thinking
thinking processes of the brain involved in processing information
about concepts, problem solving, make decisions.
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10. Types of
Thinking
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○ Perceptual Thinking
 Sensation+Meaning

11. thinking  . Conceptual or
Abstract
Thinking:
○
 Here one makes
use of concepts,
the generalized
objects and
languages,
 it is regarded as
being superior to
perceptual thinking
as it economizes
efforts in
understanding and
problem-solving
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12. thinking
○ 3. Reflective
Thinking:
○
 This type of thinking
aims in solving complex
problems,
 thus it requires
reorganization of all the
relevant experiences to
a situation or removing
obstacles instead of
relating with that
experiences or ideas.
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13.  4. Creative Thinking:
This type of thinking is associated with one’s
ability to create or construct something new,
novel or unusual.
The creative thinker is one who expresses new
ideas and makes new observations, new
predictions and new inferences.
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14. thinking
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5. Critical Thinking:
• Critical thinking is the ability to think
clearly and rationally about what to
do or what to believe.
• Critical thinking by which one
analysis, evaluate and form ideas

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And tables to
compare data
6. Non-directed or Associative Thinking:
 There are times when we find ourselves engaged in a unique
type of thinking which is non-directed and without goal.
 It is reflected through dreaming and other free-flowing
uncontrolled activities.
 Psychologically these forms of thought are termed as
associative thinking.

16. Reasoning.
Meaning of Reasoning
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“reasoning is a process of thinking during which
the individual is aware of a problem identifies,
evaluates, and decides upon a solution”.

17. deductive
Casual
inductive
Types of
reasoning
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18. ○ . Inductive
reasoning:
○ In deductive
reasoning we use
it to draw gernal
conclusion from
specific evidence.
Let’s review
some concepts
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○ .
Deductive
reasoning:
○ In deductive
reasoning we start
gernel statement
of what is known
and draw specif
conclusion from
it.
.
○ .It is the ability
to draw some
logical
conclusions from
known statement
or evidences.

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Casual Reasoning
Casual reasoning is the process of
identifying causality: the relationship
between a cause and its effect.

20. You can insert graphs from Google Sheets 20
Decision making
 Decision Making is the process of choosing between two or
more alternatives .
 Individuals make choices based on their personal preferences,
values, and goals.
 Every decision has an outcome and involves risk.

21. ○ The process of
descion making
Place your screenshot here
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22. 1. Identify the decision
2. Gather relevant
information
3. Identify the
alternatives
4. Weigh the evidence
5. Choose among
alternatives
6. Take action
7. Review your decision &
its consequences
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Critical thinking
 Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and
rationally about what to do or what to believe.
 Critical thinking by which one analysis, evaluate and
form ideas.
 It comes from ancient Greek word kritikos which
means able to question, to make sense of and to able to
analyze. the ability to analyze facts, generate and
organize ideas.

24. Qualities of critical thinking
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analyze
evaluate
interpret
explain
Self-
regulate

25. Critical
thinking Critical thinking is necessary skills in almost
every walk of life.
Unfortunately, many, including adults,
sometime are lacking in critical and specific
reasoning.
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APPLYING CRITICAL THINKING BEYOND
THE CLASS-ROOM

26. Critical
thinking
developing critical thinking
beyond class room
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27. Critical
thinking
○ Characteristics of a Critical Thinker
○ • Think before acting.
○ • Avoid emotionalism
○ • Keep an open mind
○ • Engage in active listening
○ Have understanding as a goal.
○ • Use evidence to make judgments.
○ • Are interested in others’ ideas.
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28. “
○ Non-Rational Decision Making
○ the term
nonrational to decision making that is
intuitive and judgmental, most of us
like to think that we are always
reasonable and rational.
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Rational decision making:
In rational decision making, goals and alternatives are ,
explicit, then consequences of pursuing different
alternatives and calculated, and these consequences are
evaluated in terms of how close they are to the goals.

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Rational choice theory
For much of the 20th century, cognitive scientist and
economists who studied human decision making believed
that people generally make rational decision. Specifically,
it was thought that when given a choice between two or
more options, human will choose that one that is most
likely to help them achieve their particular goal, that is the
rational choice. Economists called it rational choice theory.
They based this theory on principles of behaviorism.

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Learning a second language
Bilingualism is common especially in
India Pakistan and Europe. Learning a
second language make us more
creative.

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Sensitivity period and
second language acquisition
 There is sensitive period for second
language acquisition.
 Children learn second languages very
quickly ten adults do and speak them
more fluently.

33. Second
language
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Second language learning
and the brain
 People who are fluent in two language are capable for
more efficient cognitive processing then who speak only
one language.
 The brain of People who learn second language early in
life are more efficient at language processing and more
similar when speaking in both languages than are the
brains of people who learn second language late in life.

34. Second
langugae
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Benefits of learning a second language
Brain Growth:
Boost your memory
Better multi-tasking
Increase attention
Double activation