Understand the psychology of human brain and its use in everyday life. catch the liars vested in the crowd and read some astonishing psychological facts

1. What is it?
Psychology
The study of our inner
feelings and behaviors.
Do our feelings always match our behaviors?
If you call me a
dumbass, I may feel
sad inside.
But I will
still act
tough.
(but I will be
crying on the
inside, so be
gentle).

2. History of Psychology
• Although the science of psychology
started in the late 1800’s, the concept has
been around a lot longer.
• There was evidence of trephination
(cutting holes into a skull to let evil spirits
out) back in the stone age.
It was like a bad SAW movie!!!!

3. Wave Five is made up of about 7
different perspectives.
In other words, psychologists today, pick
and choose from about 7 schools of
thought to help you with your problems.
Thus we have:
THE SEVEN SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY

4. Biopsychology (Neuroscience)
Perspective
• All of your feelings and behaviors have
an organic root.
• In other words, they come from your
brain, body chemistry,
neurotransmitters, etc…
Let us imagine for a second that your dog died
(sad but it will happen). You become
depressed. You stop eating and sleeping.
What would a psychologist from this school
say is going on and how might they help you?

5. Evolutionary Perspective
• Focuses on Darwinism.
• We behave the way
we do because we
inherited those
behaviors.
• Thus, those behaviors
must have helped
ensure our ancestors
survival.
How could this behavior ensured
Homer’s ancestors survival?

6. Psychoanalytic Perspective
• Focuses on the
unconscious mind.
• We repress many of
our true feelings
and are not aware
of them.
• In order to get
better, we must
bring forward the
true feelings we
have in our
unconscious.
If a man has
intimacy issues
and cannot form
relationships
with others.
What do you
think someone
from this school
may think?
Perhaps they may
delve into the man’s
unconscious and
discover that he was
bullied when he were
younger. The bullying
may have caused fear
in getting close to
others.

7. Behavioral Perspective
Pretend that you
fail psychology
class. You become
depressed. In turn,
you begin to binge
and gain weight.
• Focuses on observable
behaviors while putting
feelings to the side.
• We behave in ways
What do you think a
because we have been
behaviorist may do?
conditioned to do so.
They would probably ignore • To change behaviors,
the fact that you are
we have to recondition
depressed and just focus on
your overeating.
the client.
Maybe make you run a mile every time you eat over 2000 calories.

8. Humanist Perspective
• Peaked in the late
190’s and 70’s….so it
focused on spirituality
and free will.
• We have to strive to
be the best we can be
“self-actualization”.
• Happiness is defined
by the distance
between our “selfconcept” and “ideal
self”.

9. Cognitive Perspective
• Focuses on how we
think (or encode
information)
• How do we see the
world?
• How did we learn to act
to sad or happy events?
• Cognitive Therapist
attempt to change the
way you think.
You meet a girl…
Hopes are high!!!
She rejects you…
don’t even get
digits.
How do you react to the rejection?
Some learned get back on Some learned to give up
the horse
and live a lonely life of
And try again.
solitude.

10. Social-Cultural Perspective
This is my culture!!!
(this is the point when
my wife rolls here eyes).
• Says that much of your
behavior and your
feelings are dictated by
the culture you live in.
• Some cultures kiss each
other when greeting,
some just bow.
• Does your culture place
value on individual or
the group?

12. A placebo is a simulated or otherwise medically ineffectual treatment for a
disease or other medical condition intended to deceive the recipient.
Sometimes patients given a placebo treatment will have a perceived or actual
improvement in a medical condition, a phenomenon commonly called the
placebo effect.
In medical research, placebos are given as control treatments and depend on
the use of measured deception. Common placebos include inert tablets, vehicle
infusions, sham surgery,and other procedures based on false information.
However, placebos may also have positive effect on a patient's subjective
experience who knows that the given treatment is without any active drug, as
compared with a control group who knowingly did not get a placebo

13. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• Classical conditioning is a type of learning that
had a major influence on the school of thought in
psychology known as behaviorism. Discovered by
Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical
conditioning is a learning process that occurs
through associations between an environmental
stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.
• Behaviorism is based on the assumption that
learning occurs through interactions with the
environment. Two other assumptions of this
theory are that the environment shapes behavior
and that taking internal mental states such as
thoughts, feelings, and emotions into
consideration is useless in explaining behavior.

14. HOW CAN PSYCHOLOGY
IMPROVE YOUR
LIFE(SOME BASICS)

15. 1:Use good eye contact.
• Start noticing
nonverbal signals in
others.
• Learn to use your tone
of voice to reinforce
your message.
• This will help enhance
your overall
personality and will
thus induce a sense of
well being.

16. 2:LEARN TO BETTER
UNDERSTAND OTHERS
 Much like nonverbal communication, your ability to understand
your emotions and the emotions of those around you plays an
important role in your relationships and professional life. The
term emotional intelligence refers to your ability to understand
both your own emotions as well as those of other people. Your
emotional intelligence quotient is a measure of this ability.
According to psychologist Daniel Goleman, your EQ may actually
be more important than your IQ(1995)
 What can you do to become more emotionally intelligent?
Consider the following strategies!
• Carefully assess your own emotional reactions.
• Record your experience and emotions in a journal.
• Try to see situations from the perspective of another person.

17. 3:Make More Accurate Decisions
 Research in cognitive psychology has
provided a wealth of information about
decision making. By applying these strategies
to your own life, you can learn to make wiser
choices. The next time you need to make a
big decision, try using some of the following
techniques:
• Try using the “six thinking hats” approach by
looking at the situation from multiple points
of view, including rational, emotional,
intuitive, creative, positive and negative
perspectives.
• Consider the potential costs and benefits of a
decision.
• Employ a grid analysis technique that gives a
score for how a particular decision will
satisfy specific requirements you may have.

18. 4:IMPROVE YOUR MEMORY
 Have you ever wondered why you can remember
exact details from childhood events yet forget the
name of the new client you met yesterday? Research
on how we form new memories as well as how and
why we forget has led to a number of findings that
can be applied directly in your daily life.
 What are some ways you can increase your memory
power?
• Focus on the information.
• Rehearse what you have learned.
• Eliminate distractions.

19. 5:Make Wiser Financial Decisions
 Nobel Prize winning psychologists Daniel
Kahneman and Amos Tversky conducted
a series of studies that looked at how
people manage uncertainty and risk
when making decisions. Subsequent
research in this area known as behavior
economics has yielded some key findings
that you can use to make wiser money
management choices. One study (2004)
found that workers could more than
triple their savings by utilizing some of
the following strategies:
• Don’t procrastinate! Start investing in
savings now.
• Commit in advance to devote portions of
your future earnings to your retirement
savings.
• Try to be aware of personal biases that
may lead to poor money choices.

20. 6:GET BETTER GRADES
 The next time you're tempted to complain about pop quizzes,
midterms or final exams, consider this - research has
demonstrated that taking tests actually helps you better
remember what you've learned, even if it wasn't covered on
the test (Chan et al., 2006).
Another study found that repeated test taking may be a
better memory aid than studying. Students who are tested
repeatedly were able to recall 61% of the material while
those in the study group recalled only 40%.
• How can you apply these findings to your own life?
• When trying to learn new information, self test frequently in
order to cement what you have learned into your memory.

21. 
7:Become more
Productive
Sometimes it seems like there are thousands of
books,blogs and magazine articles telling us how to get
more done in a day, but how much of this advice is
founded on actual research?For example,think about the
number of times have you heard that multitasking can
help you become more productive. In reality, research
has found that trying to perform more than one task at
the same time seriously impairs speed, accuracy and
productivity. So what lessons from psychology can you
use to increase your productivity? Consider some of the
following:
• Avoid multitasking when working on complex or
dangerous tasks
• Focus on the task at hand.
• Eliminate distractions.

22. 8: Be HealtHier
 Psychology can also be a useful tool for improving your overall
health. From ways to encourage exercise and better nutrition
to new treatments for depression, the field of health
psychology offers a wealth of beneficial strategies that can
help you to be healthier .
 Some examples that you can apple directly to your own life:
 Studies have shown that both sunlight and artificial light can
reduce the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder.
 Research has demonstrated that exercise can be an effective
treatment for depression as well as other mental disorders.
 Studies have found that helping people understand the risks of
unhealthy behaviors can lead to healthier choices.

23. HoW to detect lieS!
(oN tHe BaSiS oF PSYcHoloGY)
WARNING:
sometimes
ignorance is bliss.
After gaining this
knowledge, you
may be hurt when
it is obvious that
someone is lying
to you!!!!!

24. iNtroductioN to detectiNG lieS:
 The following deception detection techniques are
used by police, forensic psychologists, security
experts and other investigators.
 This knowledge is also useful for managers,
employers, and for anyone to use in everyday
situations where telling the truth from a lie can help
prevent you from being a victim of fraud/scams and
other deceptions.
 This is just a basic run down of physical (body
language) gestures and verbal cues that may indicate
someone is being untruthful. Remember: these signs
don't indicate someone is lying, just that they are
more likely to be lying.

25. SiGNS oF decePtioN:
Body Language of Lies:
• Physical expression will be limited and stiff,
with few arm and hand movements. Hand,
arm and leg movement are toward their own
body the liar takes up less space.
• A person who is lying to you will avoid making
eye contact.
• Hands touching their face, throat & mouth.
Touching or scratching the nose or behind
their ear. Not likely to touch his chest/heart
with an open hand.

27. emotioNal GeStureS &
coNtradictioN
• Timing and duration of emotional gestures and
emotions are off a normal pace. The display of
emotion is delayed, stays longer it would naturally,
then stops suddenly.
• Timing is off between emotions gestures/expressions
and words. Example: Someone says "I love it!"
when receiving a gift, and then smile after making
that statement, rather then at the same time the
statement is made.
• Gestures/expressions don’t match the verbal
statement, such as frowning when saying “I love
you.”
• Expressions are limited to mouth movements when
someone is faking emotions (like happy, surprised,
sad, awe, )instead of the whole face. For example;
when someone smiles naturally their whole face is
involved: jaw/cheek movement, eyes and forehead
push down, etc.

28. verBal coNtext aNd
coNteNt
• A liar will use your words to make answer a question. When asked, “Did you
eat the last cookie?” The liar answers, “No, I did not eat the last cookie.”
•A statement with a contraction is more likely to be truthful: “ I didn't do it”
instead of “I did not do it”
• Liars sometimes avoid "lying" by not making direct statements. They imply
answers instead of denying something directly.
• The guilty person may speak more than natural, adding unnecessary details
to convince you... they are not comfortable with silence or pauses in the
conversation.
• A liar may leave out pronouns and speak in a monotonous tone. When a
truthful statement is made the pronoun is emphasized as much or more
than the rest of the words in a statement.
• Words may be garbled and spoken softly, and syntax and grammar may be
off. In other
words, his sentences will likely be muddled rather than emphasized.
• The use of distancing language

29. iNteractioNS aNd
reactioNS
• A guilty person gets defensive. An innocent person will often go on
the offensive.
• A liar is uncomfortable facing his questioner/accuser and may turn
his head or body away.
• A liar might unconsciously place objects (book, coffee cup, etc.)
between themselves and you.
otHer SiGNS oF a lie:
• If you believe someone is lying, then change subject of a
conversation quickly, a liar follows along willingly and becomes
more relaxed. The guilty wants the subject changed; an innocent
person may be confused by the sudden change in topics and will
want to back to the previous subject.
• Using humor or sarcasm to avoid a subject.

30. FiNal NoteS:
 Obviously, just because someone exhibits one
or more of these signs does not make them a
liar. The above behaviors should be compared
to a persons base (normal) behavior
whenever possible.
 Most lie detecting experts agree that a
combination of body language and other cues
must be used to make an educated guess on
whether someone is telling the truth or a lie.

31. INTERESTING
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTS!!!!

32.
Fantasies red
uce
motivation thinking
that
we’ve already
succeeded ca
n
reduce our m
otivation. We
might think th
at thinking ab
ou t
success make
s us want it m
ore,
but it actually
backfires.
Don’t sup
p
your thou ress - holding ba
ck
gh
you think ts actually makes
about it m
ore. It’s l
y o u t ry a
ik
s hard as
you can n e
to think a
ot
bo
the room ut pink elephants
, but the
i
more you n
the more
try,
lik
doesn’t g ely the elephants
o away.
’t
doesn
ing
nstorm g in groups
Brai
of
kin
k - thin s the power up
wor
ce
ro
lly redu because in g rry
ua
act
wo
i ng
instorm ore lazy and ople
bra
em
pe
ople ar what other lone
pe
a
ut
re abo tter to think g
mo
e
in
k. It’s b s to generat
thin
e
n it com
whe
ideas.
The Placebo effect -
that
this is when you think
has
something like a drug
an effect on you when
ur
really it doesn’t. It’s yo
thoughts that actually
causes the affect.

33. in
eative e
cr
more creativ
e
We ar nd least
a
night noon !
r
n afte
i
a
read in
t
You can
because
dream
d
ading an
re
are
reaming
d
o f
nctions
fu
f
t sides o
differen
in, which
the bra
in
operate
dont co
!
dreams
Holding Objects
infront of your
body indicates
shyness
and resistance, sep
arating yourself
from others !
Ove
hum r 90%
unc ans f of
e
wh omfo el
r
e
is n n TV table
v
2 o ot div olum
isib
r 5
e
!
l e b
y
Good lia
rs
good at are
de
other pe tecting
ople’s
lies !

34. On average women cry
between 30-60 times a year,
while men cry around 6
times !
Lack of sleep leads to
sugar carving !
Your mind can sense
someone staring at you
even when asleep !
People are more likely to
return a lost wallet if they
find a baby picture inside of
it !
Most of the serial killers are
born in November !
The colour blue has a calming
effect. It causes the brain to
release calming hormones!
Nearly 40% men dont feel
confident while meeting a
women for first time !
By 2020, depression will
be one of the leading
cause of death and
disability !
People spend almost
half of their waking hours
daydreaming !

35. as
vies h nd
mo
scary children a
ing
Watch effects on fect them
g
af
lastin hich may
d!
ns, w e adulthoo
tee
o th
e ll i n t
w
ething
losing som
aking,
ughly spe as miserable as
Ro
twice
s you
akes you
m
ing make
me th
ing the sa
gain
e on
appy.
lot of tim
h
pend a
ple who s
o be
 Pe o
re likely t
re m o
ally
internet a
and ment
lonely
epressed,
d
!
unstable
S
t
peo udies s
p
mu le wh how th
l
o
ofte tiple p sleep at
i
dep n lone llows a with
T ressed ly and re
o
ma uching !
k
lon es peo a tedd
ely
p le
y
!
fee beer
l les
s
In
ab
unde ility to
r
n be stand sa
rc
a
sign n early w asm ca
o
Th f a brain arning
e
d
drea time we isease !
m
s
over ing help pend
co
s us
pain me
ful e
xper
ience
s!

36. Few Psychological Theories That Prove
We’re Mindless Robots
GENDER
Most children have made the distinction between genders by the age
of three. But the million dollar question is whether or not gender
attributes are determined by biology, or constructed via our social
environments. The nature versus nurture debate has been longraging in the psychological community, but the consensus now
seems to be that our personality depends on a mixture of both.
We’re obviously influenced by socially constructed gender roles at a
young and impressionable age. Girls are told to play with Barbies,
and boys with Lego. But although our social environments encourage
us down certain paths, it’s still clear that biology plays an enormous
role, too.

37. SEXUAL ORIENTATION
Are gay people gay because they choose to be? Or is sexual orientation
predisposed? Although this is a widely debated topic, psychologists agree that
homosexuality is at least partially biologically determined . Unlike gender,
hormones do not seem to play a significant role in sexual orientation. Studies
have found that homosexual men can have the same level of testosterone as
heterosexual men. This is important, because it shows that you can’t “fix” a gay
person by pumping him with gender-appropriate hormones.
AGRESSION
It’s a common idea that higher levels of testosterone cause higher levels of
aggression, and this has been accepted in the medical community for a quite a
while. Some convicted sex offenders have even been treated with anti-androgen
therapy, in hopes of lowering aggression caused by testosterone. Although this
correlation has been proven to a certain extent, psychologists have also found
the opposite to be true in some cases.

38. WHAT IS BEAUTIFUL IS GOOD
Most people would agree that beautiful people reap extra benefits in our society.
Although on the surface we know that attractiveness doesn’t suggest any
personality trait in particular, most of the time we’re still fooled. In Canada and the
US, attractive people are generally viewed as happier, more intelligent, and more
socially skilled then the rest of us.
LOVE
How do you know you’re in love? Certain psychologists have pinned it down to the
presence of five distinct elements: a need for intimacy with the person; a feeling of
passion towards them; obsessive thoughts about them; emotional dependency;
and a feeling of ecstasy if the person appears to reciprocate. The fourteen-yearold girls among us are no doubt nodding vigorously.