The document provides an overview of industrial psychology. It begins by defining psychology as the study of the mind and behavior. It then discusses the Hawthorne experiments conducted in the 1920s, which found that increased productivity in workers was due more to feeling noticed rather than changes in illumination. The document outlines the major subfields of psychology, including basic areas like biological psychology and applied areas like industrial psychology. Industrial psychology focuses on applying psychological principles to problems in business and industry, with the goal of improving worker satisfaction, productivity and relationships. It operates using methods like surveys, observation and clinical procedures to diagnose issues and develop intervention strategies.

1. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
PREPARED BY
Mr. V.M.Gaware
Asst. Prof
College of Pharmacy (For Women), Chincholi Nashik

2. DEFINITION OF PSYCHOLOGY
• The word psychology is derived from two Greek words;
Psyche & Logy.
• Psyche means “ mind” and Logy means “ study of ”.
• In other words Psychology means “ study of mind”
• It can also be defined as the science of “behavior and
mental process”.

3. • Psychology is called as science because the knowledge of
psychology has been organized in a systematic manner based
on scientific observation of people.
• Just like other sciences even in this different experiments are
carried out.
• The most famous experiment is Hawthorne experiment.

4. HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENT
• This experiment was carried scientist Elton Mayo and his associates of western
electric company Chicago was started in 1927 and continued for a period of 12
yrs.
• In one such experiment effect of illumination on productivity of workers.
• Illumination at work place was increased it was found that productivity
increased w.r.t increase in illumination.
• To confirm this effect illumination was brought down to its original level.
• Now it was expected that production was also drop down. But it was surprisingly
to see that the production didn’t decrease even when illumination level was
decreased.
• Hence it was thought that increase in illumination was not increasing production.

5. • Elton Mayo and his group concluded that the workers increased
productivity becoz they had started feeling importance.
• They felt important becoz they were selected for experiment. They
thought they were receiving special attention.
• This phenomenon, arising basically from people being “noticed” has
been known as the Hawthorne effect.
• Everyone of us come under the influence of this phenomenon.
• We change our working style the moment we are noticed by others.
• Hawthorne effect workers’ attitudes toward their managers affect the
level of workers’ performance

6. THERE ARE THREE IMPORTANCE TERMS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Science
Behavior
Mental process

7. BEHAVIOR
• Behavior means way of acting or
treating others.
• It refers to all individual actions
which others can directly observe.
• Your action of reading is behavior
since others can directly observe
your act of reading.
• These action of reading, writing,
walking, studying, quarrelling,
laughing which others can directly
observe are considered as behavior.

8. MENTAL PROCESS
• The process which going in an
individual’s mind & which others
cannot directly observe.
• Whatever you are feeling ryt now is
a mental process, which others can’t
observe.
• An individual’s thoats, emotions,
feelings which others cannot
directly observed are part of mental
process.

9. •Psychology is not just restricted to the study behavior of human beings
but also of lower organisms like rats, dogs, worms, elephants,
kangaroos, monkeys' & chimpanzees.
Ivan P. Pavlov
 was a Russian physiologist who accidentally discovered this type
of learning
he was studying the physiology of digestion when he noticed
a funny thing.
digestion starts in the mouth where saliva begins to break
down food. Dogs would salivate when he put the food powder
in their mouths.
But experienced dogs would also salivate when the experimenter
walked in the room or at the sight of food.

10. An apparatus for Pavlovian conditioning. A tube carries saliva from the dog’s mouth to a
lever that activates a recording device (far left). During conditioning, various stimuli can be
paired with a dish of food placed in front of the dog. The device pictured here is more
elaborate than the one Pavlov used in his early experiments.

11. Pavlov paired the clicking of a metronome with food.
Clicker Food (never used a bell)
Dogs normally salivate with food but not with the clicker

12. After a few of these pairings, dogs began to salivate when the
metronome came on.

13. • Even in case of human beings our subjective feeling like getting
angry or irritated by certain kind of noise are conditioned response.
• Many Indians get irritated at the sight of “cockroach” becoz right
from childhood we see others reacting in that way. Hence our reflex
get conditioned.
• A Chinese on other hand will enjoy the delicacy of “cockroach
dish”.

14. Why do we have so many
types of psychologists?

15. Psychologists have different
ways of looking at the same
problem, which is why there are
so many sub-fields of psychology

16. SUBFIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Psychology has its origin in ancient Greek world of Plato and
Aristotle who laid the foundation of psychology.
• Aristotle made path and contribution by stating that the person’s
behavior can be observed and classified.
• During Plato’s & Aristotle time Psychology was not separate
branch of knowledge but was part philosophy

17. • Its emerged as separate branch in 14th & 15th century its
development is parallel with development of other sciences like
Physics & physiology.
• In this development many people like John Locke, Waber,
Charles, Darwin, Wilhelm, James, Herman, Alfred Binet, Pavlov
& Carl Jung contributed.

18. PSYCHOLOGY CAN BE DIVIDED IN
TWO BROAD GROUPS
• Basic Psychology (25%)
• Applied Psychology (75%)

19. BASIC PSYCHOLOGY
Psychologist in the basic areas conduct research on psychological
processes such as:
• Emotion
• Thinking
• Motivation
• Learning

20. TYPES OF BASIC PSYCHOLOGY
• Biological Psychology
• Sensation & Perception
• Learning and Memory
• Cognition
• Developmental Psychology
• Motivation & Emotion
• Personality
• Social Psychology
• Socio-cultural Psychology

21. Biological Psychology
It is also called as physiological psychology.
In this field of study psychologist study
nervous system and w.r.t to it try to explain
human behavior.
They study
• Neurons
• Nerve impulses
• Neurotransmitters
• Thalamus
• Cerebral cortex and relate this with
human behavior and experience.

22. SENSATION AND PERCEPTION
This specialty is concerned
with how the sense organs
operate and how we interpret
incoming sensory information
in the process of perception.
Become aware by one of the sense

23. LEARNING AND MEMORY
The ways in which we learn
and remember:
• New information
• New skills
• New habits
• New ways to interact
with other people.

24. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
This field of psychology is
concerned with changes
that takes place in people
during their life span as
they grow from birth to old
age.

25. MOTIVATION & EMOTION
In this type psychologists
study the needs and state
that activate and guide
Behavior such as:
• Hunger
• Thirst
• Sex
• Achievement
• Relationships

26. PERSONALITY
 The field of personality focuses on the
more-or- less consistent ways of behaving
that characterize our personalities.

28. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
 This area studies the influence of others people on our
behavior.
 The behavior of people in group, mobs or organizations,
interpersonal attraction, attitudes & prejudice toward others.

29. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY
1. Clinical psychology
2. Counseling psychology
3. Educational & school psychology
4. Engineering psychology
5. Consumer psychology
6. Legal psychology
7. Health psychology
8. Industrial psychology

30. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
 Concerned with evaluation, diagnosis, and
treatment of individuals with psychological
disorders, as well as treatment of less severe
behavioral and emotional problems.
 Principal activities include interviewing clients,
psychological testing, and providing group and
individual psychotherapy.

31. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY
 Overlaps with clinical psychology in that
specialists in both areas engage in similar
activities – interviewing, testing, and
providing therapy.
 Counseling psychologists usually work with
a somewhat different clientele, providing
assistance to people struggling with
everyday problems of moderate severity –
they specialize in family, marital, or career
counseling.

32. VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT
• These problems are faced by people who
find it difficult to get adjusted with their
jobs or occupation.
• Vocation means employment or job
which we may like or not.
• Vacation means holidays, when we enjoy
doing the things we like.
• The famous poet Robert Forst has written
“ My Vacation Should be my Vocation”.
• Out of this arise problem job
dissatisfaction and psychologist solve dis
problem.

33. EDUCATIONAL ADJUSTMENTS
 In the process of education students often
find it difficult to get adjusted.
 These problems can reduce the confidence
of students.
 Counseling psychologist can help the
students in getting adjusted to the
environment around.
 He can also give them guidance regarding
career options.

34. INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS
 Particularly in middle and later stages of adult
life people face many problems in their
relations.
 Their myt be also problems in relation with
your friends or relatives.
 With your parents you myt have experience
generation gap.
 Nothing abnormal in this your parents myt
also have experience same with your grand
parents.
 This problem can be solve by proper
counseling

35. EDUCATIONAL & SCHOOL
PSYCHOLOGY
 Work to improve curriculum design,
achievement testing, teacher training, and
other aspects of the educational process.
 School psychologists usually work in
elementary or secondary schools, where
they test and counsel children having
difficulties in school and aid parents and
teachers in solving school-related problems.

36. CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY
 Dr. Walter Scott gave the potential application
of psychology to advertising.
 Advertisement is based on understanding
consumer psychology.
 The main aim of advertisement is promote a
product in market which is possible only if the
purchasing behavior of consumer is influenced.
 Before a product is launched market research is
done to know the psychology of consumer.

37. LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY
 In the controversial scam the use of
lie detector is used.
 Lie detector is one of the methods
by which legal psychologist
examine the reliability of evidence.
 Legal psychology are also called for
assessment of defendant’s
intellectual and personal-social-
functioning.

38. HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
 Specialist in this field focus on the ways in
which pressures, conflicts, hardships and
other factors may contribute to poor health.
 They seek to prevent health problems such
as heart disease by teaching people to relax,
exercise, control their diets and stop high
risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking
etc.

39. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
 One of the areas of applied psychology is
industrial psychology which we are going
to study in detail.
 In short I.P focuses on ways to match
employees to job, to train & motivate
workers & promote job satisfaction and
good relationships among workers.

40. INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
 Is define as that branch of applied psychology in
which application of psychological facts &
principles is done to the problems concerning
human being working in business & industry.
 I.P focus on the behavior of the people at work
with help of surveys, clinical observations, case
study & field studies.

41. NATURE OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY
 Relation between person & person
 Relation between person & group
 Relation between person & object
 Relation between person & his inner self

42. MODUS OPERANDI OF I.P
 While achieving objectives if I.P a certain procedure is followed by
an industrial psychologist.
 This procedure is called modus operandi of I.P
 It mainly deals with five essential components
Diagnosis
Methodology
Classification of data
Intervention strategies
Feedback

43. DIAGNOSIS
 This step in solving problem is to find out the causes
of the problem called as diagnosis.
 Many times the management feels workers are
themselves responsible for the problem which is not
true.
 There is as another side to a coin the management
may also be responsible for problem.

44. METHODOLOGY
After proper diagnosis the next step is methodology
which depends on certain variables like
 Aptitude
 Intelligence
 Age
 Weight
 Educational level
 Personality

45. Methods
Experimental
Surveys Naturalistic observation Clinical procedures
Descriptive

46.  Classification
 theories or generalizations
 situation specific findings
 Intervention strategies
 Feed back

47. THANK YOU