Acne is a dermatological disorder with a high prevalence in teenager and young generation. It can affect human being in any age, a holistic approach in treatment of acne is necessary. Initial consultation should explore the type of acne as well as the behavioral changes of individuals. Acne has various psychological impacts like depression and Body dysmorphic syndrome. Dermatologists should treat the psychological co-morbidity of acne with the skin problem at the same time to achieve a satisfactory level of therapy in acne.
General Overview
Previously had a link to Marsha Linehan's video podcast on Mindfulness. If interested, check the reference section for a direct link for viewing.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Web-based Intervention for Depressive ...Tejas Shah
To compare the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with an active control (expressive writing) and a waiting-list control
condition.
As any clinician knows, every year witnesses the introduction of new treatment models. Invariably, the developers and proponents claim superior effectivess of the approach over existing treatments. In the last decade or so, such claims, and the publication of randomized clinical trials, has enabled some to assume the designation of an "evidence-based practice" or "empirically supported treatment." Training, continuing education, funding, and policy changes follow.
Using Healing Design to Rescue Children from Commercial Sex Trafficking karenatskw
This unique case study presents the evidence-based design of a recovery home for child victims of commercial sex trafficking and analyzes the impact the built environment had on the success of this trauma recovery program. Courage Worldwide provides a pioneering model of care in innovative therapeutic homes. Presenters will explain the “H.E.A.R.T” model and analyze how the design of the Courage House is integral to this care model. Hear the specifics for how research findings on the built environment and mental health were incorporated to facilitate the provision and acceptance of care and residents’ positive perceptions and engagement.
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
General Overview
Previously had a link to Marsha Linehan's video podcast on Mindfulness. If interested, check the reference section for a direct link for viewing.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Web-based Intervention for Depressive ...Tejas Shah
To compare the efficacy of a guided web-based intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with an active control (expressive writing) and a waiting-list control
condition.
As any clinician knows, every year witnesses the introduction of new treatment models. Invariably, the developers and proponents claim superior effectivess of the approach over existing treatments. In the last decade or so, such claims, and the publication of randomized clinical trials, has enabled some to assume the designation of an "evidence-based practice" or "empirically supported treatment." Training, continuing education, funding, and policy changes follow.
Using Healing Design to Rescue Children from Commercial Sex Trafficking karenatskw
This unique case study presents the evidence-based design of a recovery home for child victims of commercial sex trafficking and analyzes the impact the built environment had on the success of this trauma recovery program. Courage Worldwide provides a pioneering model of care in innovative therapeutic homes. Presenters will explain the “H.E.A.R.T” model and analyze how the design of the Courage House is integral to this care model. Hear the specifics for how research findings on the built environment and mental health were incorporated to facilitate the provision and acceptance of care and residents’ positive perceptions and engagement.
Brief therapy, sometimes also referred to as short term therapy (usually 10 to 20 sessions) , is a generic label for any form of therapy in which time is an explicit element in treatment planning.
Prison Reentry: Integrated Health Clinic and Group Scaling up a system of careMichael Changaris
These slides explored developing communities and reentry services that drive wellness. A group developed in collaboration with returning citizens to serve those with justice involvement. The group parterres with health clinic that provides medical care and integrated behavioral health services.
Provide the reference for the study you found using APA guidelinespearlenehodge
Provide the reference for the study you found using APA guidelines. Be sure to provide a link to the article.
Habigzang, L. F., Aimèe Schneider, J., Petroli Frizzo, R., & Pinto Pizarro de Freitas, C. (2018). Evaluation of the impact of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for women in domestic violence situations in Brazil. Universitas Psychologica, 17(3), 52-62.
Stallard, P. (2022). Evidence-based practice in cognitive–behavioral therapy. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 107(2), 109-113
Identify the therapy that you chose.
I chose Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and its application in Ella’s case study. CBT focuses on identifying the root causes of harmful behavior. This therapeutic approach aims to identify the various biases brought about by these unhelpful methods of thinking and find ways to deal with the issues the patient is facing (Stallard, 2022).
Briefly paraphrase, in 2–3 sentences, the methodological context (i.e., research method, how data was collected, and the instruments used) of the study and the findings.
Habigzang et al. (2018) did a study to evaluate CBT’s impact on survivors of domestic violence in Brazil. As one of the ways to assist these survivors, the researchers utilized CBT to help these women, who were also dealing with psychiatric disorders such as PTSD, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse as a result of domestic abuse. CBT was used to negate the impacts of the violence. The researchers utilized the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) technique to assess the effects of CBT on the sample to determine the effectiveness of the treatment approach (Habigzang et al., 2018). They performed a pre-test evaluation, which was followed by the use of CBT, and then a post-test evaluation on 11 participants. The study initially had 120 participants, but several participants were ineligible for the study due to inconsistent attending sessions and cognitive hindrances. The study identified that CBT was very effective in helping the clients to deal with the psychological effects of the abuse (Habigzang et al., 2018).
Explain how the findings are applicable or appropriate for the client in your case study.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be beneficial to Ella. It can help Ella deal with the post-traumatic stress disorder she may be dealing with due to the verbal, psychological, and physical abuse she has dealt with in the past (Stallard, 2022). According to the report, she has begun exhibiting signs of acute distress and trauma, which could be signs of PTSD. CBT can be beneficial in helping Ella deal with this PTSD and helping her learn to cope with the past traumas she has experienced.
Determine whether you would use or not use the therapy you selected for the client in your selected case study (consider how culturally relevant it is, how aligned it is with social work ethics, etc.) and explain why.
While working with Ella, I would use cognitive behavioral therapy as one of the treatment approaches. This i ...
1PAGE 21. What is the question the authors are asking .docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
PAGE
2
1. What is the question the authors are asking?
They asked about a reduction in judgmental biases regarding the cost and probability associated with adverse social events as they are presumed as being mechanisms for the treatment of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Also, the authors poised on the changes in judgmental biases as mechanisms to explain cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. On top of that, they stated that methodological limitations extant studies highlight the possibility that rather than causing symptom relief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases tends to be consequences of it or correlate. Considerably, they expected cost bias at mid-treatment to be a predictor of the treatment outcome.
2. Why do the authors believe this question is important?
According to the authors, this question was relevant as methodological limitations of present studies reflect on the possibility that instead of causing symptom belief, a significant reduction in judgmental biases can be consequences or correlated to it. Additionally, they ought to ascertain the judgment bias between treated and non-treated participants. Significantly, this was important as they had to determine the impact of pre and post changes in cost and probability of the treatment outcomes. But, probability bias at mid-treatment was a predictor of the treatment outcome contrary to the cost bias at mid-treatment that could not be identified as a significant predictor of the treatment outcome.
3. How do they try to answer this question?
They conducted a study to evaluate the significant changes in judgmental bias as aspects of cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorders. To do this, they conducted a study using information from two treatment studies; an uncontrolled trial observing amygdala activity as a response to VRE (Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy) with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and a randomized control trial that compared Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy with Exposure Group Therapy for SAD. A total of 86 individuals who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for the diagnosis of non-generalized (n=46) and generalized (n=40) SAD participated. After completing eight weeks of the treatment protocol, the participants who identified public speaking as their most fearsome social situation were included. The SCID (Structured clinical interview for the DSM-IV) was used to ascertain diagnostic and eligibility status on Axis 1 conditions within substance abuse, mood and anxiety disorder modules. The social anxiety measures were measured with the use of BFNE (Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation), a self-reporting questioner that examined the degree to which persons fear to be assessed by other across different social settings. Additionally, the OPQ (Outcome Probability Questionnaire) self-reporting questionnaire was used to evaluate individual’s estimate on the probability that adverse, threatening events will occur at t ...
MINI ASSIGNMENT 2 1
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) as an Intervention for Student diagnosed with Anxiety
Melissa Kelly
Albany State University
COUN5620 Research and Program Evaluation for Counselors
Dr. Claudia Calder
October 13, 2021
Literature Review Comment by Calder, Claudia: Great job with the review. Be sure this section includes all 7 articles from your annotated bib in addition to other articles that provide the background and context for the research problem and establish the need for the research. – you only have six references listed
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is defined as psychotherapeutic treatment that helps people in learning how to manage and identify worrying or negative thought patterns that cause an undesirable influence on one's emotions and behaviors. It focuses on changing the negative thoughts automatically, which often contributes to and worsens o emotional difficulties, anxiety, and depression. These spontaneous thoughts harm an individual mood (Luo & McAloon, 2021). Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a well-established treatment for anxiety disorder in adolescents and children. Research has shown that about 60% of youths recuperate from anxiety disorder and experience a significant reduction in the disease’s symptoms after treatment (Stjerneklar et al., 2019). According to various studies, cognitive behavior therapy has proven effective in treating anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. This form of therapy helps promote improved self-control, elude activates, and develop coping skills for day-to-day stressors.
On the other hand, anxiety disorder is a form of mental health illness that makes one respond differently to certain conditions and situations with fear and dread. An individual with an anxiety disorder typically feels anxious and nervous. Anxiety interferes with one's ability to function normally, and a person overreacts when something triggers their emotions; hence one cannot control their response to situations. According to a national institute of health report, almost one in every three elementary students experiences an anxiety disorder. These have increased steadily by 20% between 2007 and 2012; the high incidence of anxiety disorder among youths usually arises due to pressure and high expectation to succeed (Krister et al.,2017). In the contemporary world, youths feel more pressured to succeed academically, and these thoughts often overwhelm them. Cognitive-behavioral therapy of generalized anxiety disorder treatment helps address the anxiety and mental prejudices, equipping one with a relaxation mechanism suitable for managing tension and marginal exposure to disastrous exposure and imageries to traumatic situations and prevent over stressful behaviors.
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy as an i ...
This is a presentation that I give to medical professionals educating them on the role and potential use of social work in the hospital setting. I presented this on May 22, 2009 to the Trauma Education & Research Committee.
Physiological theory and the Family Systems approach applied to addiction ass...Jacob Stotler
Physiological and family systems approach for treatment applications and assessment of addiction problems and rate and personal trajectory for addiction disorders. Functional capacity and dysfunction status for treatments for addiction related issues.
11Different types of self-harming treatment for Borderline P.docxdrennanmicah
11
Different types of self-harming treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder I would change title to something like:
Review of Interventions for Self-Harm in the context of a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder
A human being’s personality is affected by surroundings and life situations experiences (eEnvironment) and , biologically inherited traits and daily life experiences. Individual personalities may develop into long term maladaptive patterns of behavior and experiences that differ significantly from what is ‘normal’ and expected by human beings toincrease the risk of give rise to vulnerability to developing different personality disorders Wetterborg (2015). The personality disorders may be develop gradually from adolescence to adulthood and may cause distress to the individual or problems in functioning. Without proper evidence based care and treatment personality disorders may affect the way of thinking about oneself and others and emotional response that will affect how an individual will relate to other people and how one controls his or her behavior. Comment by Ibrahim, Jeyda: Could you break this into two sentences? Comment by Ibrahim, Jeyda: Subtitle- Borderline personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a type of personality disorder characterized by ongoing pattern of varying mood, self-image and changing behavior. (Wetterborg, 2015)
These individuals may have mood swings, and be uncertain of their place in the world and how they see themselves, hence they may have an intense and unstable pattern relationships with other people. BPD is mostly a mental disorder and is recognized by the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS) and is thought to affect at least one percent of the population diagnosed and three quarters are women (Daubney, 2015). This may be because of how sexes deal with criticism in different ways with males tending to cast out issues while females internalize or due to different brain functions of the sexes. Comment by Ibrahim, Jeyda: I am not sure what you mean by mostly a mental disorder? Comment by Ibrahim, Jeyda: I think this needs to be a separate sentence
These people view things in extreme cognitive biases? and may quickly change individual opinionhow they feel about people and be a result of tense relationssomeone?. There are many other symptoms relating to borderline personality disorderBPD such as unstable and distorted self-image or sense of self, having dangerous and impulsive behaviors during periods of elevated moods, self-harming behaviors and procuring thoughts of suicidal behaviors among many others. Borderline personality disorderBPD is not usually diagnosed before adolescence and symptoms may improve or even disappear with time. Full range of most symptoms appear during teenage life and early child hood because diagnosis is difficult in children and some people may not have prevalent signs and symptoms until their mid to late life. AfterIf symptoms begi.
Similar to Psychological consideration in acne treatment (20)
Common dermatologic disorders systemic lupus erythematosusDr. Faramarz Didar
SLE or lupus is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body.
The immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage.SLE most often harms the heart, joints, skin, lungs, blood vessels, liver, kidneys, and nervous system.
Characteristic facial rash of SLE is a butterfly rash which spread from one side of nose to other side.
It is very important to diagnose this Rash and SLE in patients who attend a cosmetic Clinic in order to solve their facial disfiguration. SLE butterfly facial rash is resistant to treatment by variety of cosmetic procedures like ablative and non-ablative laser, IPL , chemical peel and PRP. The diagnosis of SLE and systemic treatment od this disease is paramount to cosmetic approach. Cosmetic practitioner should have a broad knowledge of dermatological disorder and relevant approach to them.
Seborrhoeic dermatitis in Non-Surgical Facial Aesthetic proceduresDr. Faramarz Didar
Seborrhoeic dermatitis is a Common eczematous disorder which can be Found on the sebum-rich areas of the scalp, face and trunk. It is Thought to be due to overgrowth of normal skin flora due to a reduction in immune defence capabilities at these sites. It is Commonly aggravated by changes in humidity, seasons, trauma, emotional stress. Its Prevalence 3-5% with a worldwide distribution
Mildest form of Seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD) is Dandruff in15-20% of cases. It is Common in all ages and both sexes with its Onset at puberty and peaks at age 40. it is called cradle cap in infants.
In performing non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures like injection of butulinum toxin A and fillers, it is very important to diagnose and deal with this common problem prior to performing cosmetic procedures
Molluscum contagiosum is a viral disease with following characteristics:
Benign viral infection
Caused by a pox virus
Double stranded DNA virus
Spread by direct contact, bath towels, tattoo instruments, beauty parlour implements, swimming pools in children
In adults, most commonly an STD, males>females
Incubation period – 2-7 weeks but can be as long as 26 weeks
More common and severe in patients with A.D.
More common in certain geographic areas with warm climates (Fiji, Congo, Papua New Guinea)
palmoplantar pustolar Psoriasis induced in a patient treated with infliximab ...Dr. Faramarz Didar
As the use of TNF antagonists has increased, new cutaneous reactions like psoriasis are being seen more in the practice.General practitioners should watch closely any patients who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, and rarely psoriatic arthritis on anti-TNF for any skin presentation like psoriasis . NICE Guidelines and algorithms are very useful and practical in choosing appropriate treatment for different types of psoriasis
Fitness to practice in non surgical cosmetic intervention (2)Dr. Faramarz Didar
Performing non surgical aesthetic procedures must be under responsibility of an accredited and qualified clinical professional.
Non- health practitioners with required accredited qualification may perform the procedures but under supervision of qualified clinical professional. this is to make sure the safety of people who are seeking cosmetic and aesthetic procedures in order to enhance their skin and well being.
The Aesthetic industry need regulating body to empower delivering safe cosmetic procedures. For any non surgical intervention a record of consent is necessary (must)
Advertisement should be conducted in a socially responsible manner.
Palmoplantar pustolar psoriasis induced with infliximab in treating crohn di...Dr. Faramarz Didar
As the use of TNF(Tumor Necrotic Factor) antagonists has increased, new cutaneous reactions like psoriasis are being seen more in the general practice.it is essential to have a close communication with rheumatologist, oncologist and gastroenterologist in order to manage and treat the dermatological side effect of Anti-TNF treatment in primary care dermatology.
this presentation is about the history of Botox, its discovery and consequently the usage. Botox is the Penicillin of 21st century.Botox discovery has been significantly affected modern medicine in the field of Aesthetic and general medicineIt is called medico- surgical combination. This is the aesthetic evolution of the new millennium . BOTOX mono therapy or combine with other procedures has revolutionized the Aesthetic industry.
Use of BOTOX in cosmetic industry and procedures doubled between 1999 and 2000 whereas the other procedures changed a little.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. 22 years old female
History of acne from 11 years to 18 years of age.
Active Acne settled after using tepal of lily in Russian Vodka. She had
been on topical treatments as well as systemic antibiotic and COC prior to
this traditional Russian herbal medicine.
Patient version of acne as severe and aggressive. She often slept with a
towel on her pillow as my spots bled during the night.
Admitted spending lots of time researching acne treatment as well as
makeup. She still does this as she has never been happy with her skin.
The first foundation she ever used made her skin ten times worse than
better.
Her family spent a lot of money on skincare products and treatments to
try to help her.
Scrubbing and washing aggressively on daily basis. She still does.
Doctors’ treatments did not help and instead made her skin dry,red and
uncomfortable.
There was history of picking on acne lesions as well as squeezing them.
She never admitted this despite many confrontation from her mother.
Admitted her relationship with others were affected and still is.
This hindered her education (in a minor way) as she stayed quiet and
didn’t have as much participation with other pupils.
Social isolation in past as well as present as often felt/feels that people
judged her or did not like her.
Today, despite not having acne for years she has scars which she find
unattractive and cover up with makeup daily.
3. Having aggressive acne throughout my teenage years (11-18) impacted me in many ways, both mentally
and socially, and has also impacted me in later life.
it made her more aware of herself and her appearance. This resulted in lowered confidence.
She thought acne comes from dirt and dirty hands. This belief mostly influenced her by her Grandmother.
She also felt embarrassed when having to look at people or them look at her as she felt she would be
judged by her acne (that she didn’t stay clean etc, even thought that was not the case).
She became ashamed of the way she looked. This resulted in her staying at home and avoiding, having
to put lots of makeup on (which is a lot of effort- particularly when just popping to the shops). She still put
lots of make up on.
She has not ever been fully happy with her skin. She did not/does not feel attractive or comfortable in her
own skin. She wished she was someone else.
She is still scrubbing and washing her face to stay clean.
Assessment tools
Dermatology Life quality index(DLQI) 15
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS) depression: 8 anxiety: 14
Skindex-29 psychosocial functioning 52
The Cardiff Acne Disability Index 6/15
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2) 43/70
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – Revised (AAQ-R) 79/136
Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for youth(AFQ-Y) 51/68
Summarise issues
possible Acne excoriee in past
Obsessive compulsive disorder in present
Body Dysmorphic Disoredr : BDS
Moderate anxiety
4. BCT as first line of treatment/approach. This approach
failed as patient was unwilling to participate in
ERP(exposure and response prevention).
ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) as
alternative therapy to CBT.
Pharmacologic approach: SSRI(Paroxetine 20mg initially
each morning increased gradually in steps of 10mg up to
40mg daily)
5. CBT resulted in higher quality of life, whereas ACT resulted in greater
psychological flexibility, and, among those who completed treatment((Arch & Craske,
2008)
Jeanne Jung, MD, MS, and Eun Ju Hwang, MD, MS(2012), Do patients with acne
need cognitive behavioral therapy? Emphasised on CBT as main approach in
treatment of psychological aspect of acne.
Volker Niemier(2006): acne vulgaris psychosomatic aspects: Doctor +patient
relationship is very important.
ACT is part of a larger movement in the behavioral and cognitive therapies toward
the use of mindfulness and acceptance (Hayes, Follette, & Linehan, 2004),
ACT is a highly viable treatment alternative to CBT, Joanna J. Arch et al 2012
Volker Niemier(2006): Differential Diagnosis from psychosomatic point of view in
psychogenic excorietion: these patients have comorbid disorders like(OCD,BDD,
eating disorder, borderline personality disorders) , recommended treatment is
combination therapy like medical(SSRI) and CBT or alternative ACT.
6. study type CBT
or
ACT
Method Opinion
Jeanne Jung et
al 2012
questionn
aire
CBT 136 patients with acne at
Klaripa Clinic in Seoul ,
questions varied from
etiology to their habits
Cognitive and behavioral therapy can be
combined with the treatment of acne.
Arch & Craske,
2008
systemic
review of
RTC and
other
studies
Combine
treatment
They reviewed RCT and
systemic reviews studies in a
certain period of time.
This article presents a critical examination of
stereotypical differences between ACT and CBT
for anxiety disorders. The general conclusion
is that the treatments are more similar
than distinct.
Stefan G.
Hofmann 2008
Reviewin
g Arch&
craske
review
Combinati
on therapy
Acceptance and
Commitment Therapy: New
Wave or Morita Therapy?
Some proponents of ACT view it as part of a
third wave movement destined to replace cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) as the dominant form of
psychological therapy. This perception is
problematic,because the criticism offered by ACT
against CBT is based on a misrepresentation of the
empirical evidence.
Francisco J.
Ruiz
systemic
review of
RTC and
other
studies
ACT efficacy of ACT in a wide
range of psychological
problems and suggest that
it is working through its
hypothesized processes of
change
component studies are showing that
acceptance-based protocols are usually
more efficacious than other control-based
protocols
Hofmann &
Asmundson,
systemic
review of
Combinati
on therapy
ACT has a sound model of
psychopathology in EAD or psychological
7. Significant improvement in patient psychological well being after 6month sessions of psychological intervention.
This was in combination with micro-needling of facial skin in order to reduce scars of acne.
◦ She was more social, less ashamed of her skin.
◦ She was not scrubbing the face any more but still using make up.
◦ She was more capable of handling anxiety situation by accepting them as part of her life.
◦ She was living more in present than in past or future.
◦ Her self-esteem improved.
◦ She was Allowing thoughts to come and go without struggling with them.
1. I put into practice the new theoretical knowledge of ACT in combination with CBT approach.
2. This one was a new task for me to approch a young patient who was initially reluctant to accept any
psychiatric intervention or assistant.
Psychological assessment
score before
Psychological assessment 6
months after
Dermatology Life quality index(DLQI) 15 Dermatology Life quality index(DLQI) 7
(HADS) depression: 8 anxiety: 14 (HADS) depression: 6anxiety: 7
Skindex-29 psychosocial functioning 52 Skindex-29 25
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 43/70 The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire
12/70
Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for
youth(AFQ-Y) 51/68
Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for
youth(AFQ-Y) 22/68
8. skin-picking and Acne psychological impact may, in certain cases, amount
to a mental disorder. Effective communication skills are needed to explore
this area.
Good assessment of patients’ history and personality traits are essential in
initial assessment of chronic skin disorder.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be useful in treating
pathological skin-picking but psychological interventions are proven to be
mandatory. Cognitive and behavioral therapy can be combined with the
treatment of acne.
If CBT approach fails, ACT can be used as alternative treatment/approach
studies should be conducted that combine ACT and CBT techniques in
order to improve the efficacy of existing treatment protocols for specific
disorders.
Health care professionals specially dermatologists and GPs should be
aware of psychological impacts of chronic skin condition and address them
Perhaps the subspecialty of psycho-dermatology needs to be launch
quickly.