The document outlines the process of protein synthesis, highlighting that proteins are composed of polypeptides formed by amino acids. It describes the roles of tRNA, ribosomes, and various stages including initiation, elongation, and termination, leading to the formation of polypeptides. The process concludes when the ribosome encounters a stop codon, triggering the release factor to dissociate the polypeptide from the ribosome.

1. By – Dr R. K. UPADHYAY
PGT, BIOLOGY

2.  Proteins are polypeptide.
 Amino acids are monomer of proteins.
 Peptide chain are formed in between amino
group of one amino acid and carboxylic
group of another amino acid.
 First amino acid is Methionine.

4.  RIBOSOME

6.  Activation of t RNA (Formation of amino acyl t RNA)
 INITIATION
 ELONGATION
 TERMINATION

7.  (Formation of amino acyl t RNA)

8.  Attachment of amino acid with t RNA
 Formation of aminoacyl t RNA
 Aminoacyl t RNA binds with mRNA
 Enzyme- amino acyl synthetase

9.  Small ribosomal unit binds to m RNA and moves
 Ribosome binds on initiation codon AUG.
 AUG codes for Methionine.
 Now larger subunit of ribosome also bind
 Formation of initiation complex

10.  Another amino acyl tRNA binds on A site of
ribosome
 Peptide formation takes place in between
adjacent amino acids of A and P site

11.  After peptide bond formation , ribosome
moves at a distance of one codon
 The A site amino acid with peptide bons
move into P site
 A site is ready to receive new Amino acyl
tRNA
 This step continues and peptide bond
formation also continues
 This result in formation of polypeptide.

13.  When ribosome reaches to any of the STOP
codons (UAA, UAG, UGA).
 There is no aminoacyl tRNA for stop codons
 RF (release factor) bind on ribosome- m RNA
complex and dissociate it.
 Polypeptide releases in cyoplasm

14. THANK YOU