Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men after lung cancer. It often grows slowly and can go undetected for years. The prostate is a gland located behind the penis that produces seminal fluid. Risk factors for prostate cancer include age, race, family history, diet, and hormones. Tests for early detection include a PSA test, digital rectal exam, and transrectal ultrasound. Treatment depends on the stage of cancer and may involve surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, or chemotherapy, with potential side effects like fatigue, urinary problems, and sexual issues.

1. PROSTATE CANCER
Oscar Chiemeka Ezema

2. FACTS
 The most common type of cancer in men after lung cancer
 Can grow slowly and not be detected for years
 Most men with advanced stages respond to treatment well
 Studies have shown that men who masturbate have a lower risk of
getting prostate cancer

3. PROSTATE
 Located behind the base of the penis
 Surrounds the urethra and its main function is seminal fluid
production (hence the glands)
 Seminal fluid aids in transportation, protection and nutrition of
sperm

4. MICROSCOPY
normal
cancer

5. RISK FACTORS
 Age
 Race
 Family history
 Diet
 Hormones

6. TESTS FOR EARLY
DETECTION
 ELISA test for PSA test (prostrate specific antigen)
 DRE (digital rectal examination)
 TRUS (trans rectal ultrasound)
 Biopsy

7. DRE

8. TRUS

9. SYMPTOMS
 Frequent urination
 Pain or burning sensation during urination
 Frequent urge to urinate at night
 Pain in the back, weight loss, fatigue (due to metastasis of the
cancer)
 Most people don’t get checked as they think it could be a venereal
disease

16. TREATMENT
 Depends on stage
 More than one method can be used simultaneously

17. METHODS OF TREATMENT
 Surgery – removal of cancer cells and surrounding lymph nodes (to avoid
metastasis, may cause urinary incontinence and sexual side effects; )
 Radiation therapy – use of high energy x-ray’s to destroy cancer cells. Can be
done by ether – external beam (outside the body), IMRT (intensity modulated
radiation therapy – small beams aimed at the cancer from different angles) or
Brachytherapy (insertion or radioactive pellets into the prostate)
 Hormone therapy - reduction of testosterone to reduce cancer growth
 Chemotherapy – last resort and non specific. Use of Paclitaxek, Estracyte and
Cyclophosphamide

18. SIDE EFFECTS OF
TREATMENT
 Fatigue
 Redness, dryness of prostate
 Rash around prostrate
 Sexual side effects (inability to “perform”)
 Pain
 Urination problems