The document discusses the properties of matter including volume, mass, density, physical properties, chemical properties, and the differences between solids, liquids, and gases. It defines volume as the amount of space an object occupies, and mass as a measure of the amount of matter in an object. Density is defined as mass per unit volume. Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance, while chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into a new substance.

1. The Properties of Matter Looking at Matter at the Molecular Level

2. Matter Everything is made of MATTER! Matter is anything that has volume and mass. Volume is the amount of space an object takes up, or occupies.

3. Measuring the volume of liquids Liquids have volume. We measure that volume with a graduated cylinder. Use the markings to determine the sig figs. Always measure at the bottom of the meniscus! A liquid in any container has a meniscus. Liters (L) and mL (milliliters) are most often used to express the volume of liquids.

4. Solid Volume The volume in a solid is always expressed in cubic units. Cubic means having “three dimensions.” Cubic meters(m 3 ) or cubic centimeters(cm 3 ) are most often used to express the volume of a solid. The 3 in m 3 signifies that three quantities were used to get the final result. (That is a derived quantity!) If each side in the cube below is 2m, what is the volume of the cube? __________

5. The major differences between MASS A measure of the amount of matter in object. Always constant, no matter the location. Measured with a balance. Expressed in kilograms, grams, and milligrams. WEIGHT A measure of the gravitational force on an object. Varies depending on where the object is in relation to the earth. Measured with a spring scale.

6. Mass is a measure of Inertia What in the world is inertia? Ever try to move a car? Yeah, it is difficult! That is because of inertia! Inertia is the tendency of all object to resist a change in motion. This will cause objects that are still to remain still, and allow objects that are moving to continue moving. Mass is a measure of inertia because the greater the mass of an object…the more difficult it is to move.

7. Describing Matter Knowing the characteristics or properties of an object can help you identify the object.

8. Properties of Matter There are: Physical Properties Chemical Properties

9. Physical Properties Things that describe the object are physical properties. Physical properties can also be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter. Examples of physical properties include: color, odor, size, state, density, solubility, melting point, etc…

10. Solids, Liquids, and Gases Solid - fixed volume and fixed shape Liquid - fixed volume and variable shape Gas - variable volume and variable shape

11. Spotlight on Density Density is a very helpful physical property. Density = mass per unit of volume or Density = mass/volume Density is an excellent help in identifying substances because each substance has its own density.

12. If Density = mass/volume Then mass = volume x density or m = v x d AND volume = mass/density or volume = m d

13. Chemical Properties Chemical properties describe a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance with different properties. Ex: wood burns to form ash and smoke Chemical properties cannot be observed with your senses. Chemical properties aren’t as easy to observe as physical properties. Examples of chemical properties: flammability and reactivity

14. Characteristic Properties The properties that are most useful in identifying a substance are its characteristic properties. Remember the difference between physical and chemical properties. Physical properties can be observed! (with your eyes!) IDENTITY OF SUBSTANCE DOES NOT CHANGE! You can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance could change.

15. Physical Changes A physical change is a change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. Physical changes do not form new substances! EX: ice melting or sugar dissolving Physical changes are easy to undo.

16. Chemical Changes A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances with different properties. You can observe chemical properties only when a chemical change might occur! Examples of chem. changes: baking a cake rusting

17. Clues to chemical changes Color change Fizzing or bubbling (gas production) Heat Production of light, sound, or odor. Formation of a precipitate Chemical changes are not usually reversible!