The document defines propaganda as the deliberate attempt to shape perceptions and direct behavior to further the propagandist's intent. It then lists and describes common propaganda techniques, including name calling, glittering generalities, testimonials, bandwagon, fear, logical fallacies, plain folks appeal, transfer, card stacking, humor, sex appeal, euphemism. It provides examples of each technique and assigns tasks to analyze propaganda in print ads and political ads.

1. Propaganda & Rhetoric

2. Who is this? What is he trying to sell you?

3. Propaganda defined Information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc. The deliberate spreading of such information, rumors, etc. The particular doctrines or principles propagated by an organization or movement. Propaganda is the deliberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipulate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response that furthers the desired intent of the propagandist. — Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O'Donnell, Propaganda and Persuasion (Source: Wikipedia)

4. Name Calling Links a person, or idea to a negative symbol. Hope that the audience will reject the person or idea based on the negative symbol, instead of looking at the available evidence Examples: “commie”, “fascist”, “pig”, “yuppie”, “bum”, “terrorist” http://katysconservativecorner.typepad.com/katy/images/2008/04/21/snob.jpg

5. Glittering Generalities Seeks to make us approve and accept without examining the evidence Words such as: civilization, Christianity, good, proper, right, democracy, patriotism, motherhood, fatherhood, science, medicine, health and love Examples: McDonald’s “Happy Meal”, Dallas Cowboys are “America’s Team”, KFC is “finger-lickin’ good”

6. Testimonial Using someone or something famous to promote a product. Individuals may not have any idea what they are promoting, or even use the product. Examples: Bono supporting AIDS education, Oprah’s book club, Tiger Woods w/ Nike, etc. http://www.thetvaddict.com/blogpics/hayden_milk.jpg

7. Bandwagon “ everyone else is doing it…” Emotional effort to push or pull you along with the group. Example: TV Ad: “Four out of five dentists surveyed preferred Crest toothpaste.”

8. Fear plays on deep-seated fears; warns the audience that disaster will result if they do not follow http://amadeo.blog.com/repository/69487/2027334.jpg

9. Logical Fallacies Drawing conclusions based on logical premises. Ex: 2= a number, 1= a number, therefore 2=1 Ex: Christians believe in God, and Muslims believe in God, therefore Christians and Muslims are the same

10. Plain Folks Appeal an attempt by the propagandist to convince the public that his views reflect those of the common person and that they are also working for the benefit of the common person. http://www.rotonation.com/images/cbsprintad.jpg

11. Transfer Transfer is often used in politics and during wartime. It is an attempt to make the subject view a certain item in the same way as they view another item, to link the two in the subjects mind. Using symbols such as the flag, prayer, a cross, etc http://www.moonbattery.com/archives/Propaganda-III_01.jpg

12. Card Stacking only presenting information that is positive to an idea or proposal and omitting information contrary to it. http://www.prolifeblogs.com/articles/archives/child_not_choice_1.jpg

13. Humor Jokes, cartoons, and/or images that are used to make the consumer laugh and likely think favorably about a product http://www.foundshit.com/pictures/animals/rachachuros-seasonging-ad.jp g

14. Sex Appeal Using sexuality and/or sexual innuendo to cause the consumer to look favorably upon a product http://adsoftheworld.com/files/images/MMgreen.preview.jpg

15. Euphemism Substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered offensively explicit or a kinder, gentler way of expressing something bad or negative Examples: wardrobe malfunction, pre-owned cars, passed away

16. Task #1: Analyzing Propaganda Techniques in Print Advertisements View each of the following: http://camy.org/gallery/display.php?GalleryID=2137 http://camy.org/gallery/display.php?GalleryID=1788 http://www.yowazzup.com/blog/images/speed-fit.jpg http://vook.files.wordpress.com/2007/08/wwf_tarzan.jpg http://www.adverblog.com/archives/img/axe_dwarf.jpg http://blog.factor1studios.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/obama_endorsement.jpg http://inventorspot.com/files/images/superman-got-milk-ad-commercial.jpg http://camy.org/gallery/display.php?GalleryID=2109 http://www.geckotales.com/mac-pc-commercial.jpg http://www.health-heart.org/final_exam.jpg

17. Task #2: Analyzing Rhetoric & Propaganda Directions: Go to the following website: http://pcl.stanford.edu/campaigns/2008/ Using the handout provided, analyze the following political ads: National Rifle Association- "Hunter"- Sept. 22, 2008 Obama- "Low Road"- July 30, 2008 McCain- "Original Maverick"- Sept. 7, 2008 Obama- "Original"- Aug. 6, 2008 McCain- "Celeb"- July 30, 2008 Obama- "Don't Know Much"- Aug. 22, 2008