Health monitoring is the major problem in today’s world. Due to lack of proper health monitoring, patient suffer from serious health issues. There are lots of IoT devices now days to monitor the health of patient over internet. Health experts are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keep an eye on their patients. With tons of new healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the healthcare industry.
Here in this project, we will make an IoT based Health Monitoring System which records the patient heart beat rate and body temperature and also send an email/SMS alert whenever those readings goes beyond critical values. Pulse rate and body temperature readings are recorded over ThingSpeak and Google sheets so that patient health can be monitored from anywhere in the world over internet. A panic will also be attached so that patient can press it on emergency to send email/sms to their relative
Artificial Intelligence Robotics (AI) PPT by Aamir Saleem AnsariTech
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at an arbitrary goal.Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is likely to be applied when a machine uses cutting-edge techniques to competently perform or mimic "cognitive" functions that we intuitively associate with human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".The colloquial connotation, especially among the public, associates artificial intelligence with machines that are "cutting-edge" (or even "mysterious"). This subjective borderline around what constitutes "artificial intelligence" tends to shrink over time; for example, optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an exemplar of "artificial intelligence" as it is nowadays a mundane routine technology.Modern examples of AI include computers that can beat professional players at Chess and Go, and self-driving cars that navigate crowded city streets.
AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.
Health monitoring is the major problem in today’s world. Due to lack of proper health monitoring, patient suffer from serious health issues. There are lots of IoT devices now days to monitor the health of patient over internet. Health experts are also taking advantage of these smart devices to keep an eye on their patients. With tons of new healthcare technology start-ups, IoT is rapidly revolutionizing the healthcare industry.
Here in this project, we will make an IoT based Health Monitoring System which records the patient heart beat rate and body temperature and also send an email/SMS alert whenever those readings goes beyond critical values. Pulse rate and body temperature readings are recorded over ThingSpeak and Google sheets so that patient health can be monitored from anywhere in the world over internet. A panic will also be attached so that patient can press it on emergency to send email/sms to their relative
Artificial Intelligence Robotics (AI) PPT by Aamir Saleem AnsariTech
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, an ideal "intelligent" machine is a flexible rational agent that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at an arbitrary goal.Colloquially, the term "artificial intelligence" is likely to be applied when a machine uses cutting-edge techniques to competently perform or mimic "cognitive" functions that we intuitively associate with human minds, such as "learning" and "problem solving".The colloquial connotation, especially among the public, associates artificial intelligence with machines that are "cutting-edge" (or even "mysterious"). This subjective borderline around what constitutes "artificial intelligence" tends to shrink over time; for example, optical character recognition is no longer perceived as an exemplar of "artificial intelligence" as it is nowadays a mundane routine technology.Modern examples of AI include computers that can beat professional players at Chess and Go, and self-driving cars that navigate crowded city streets.
AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DOWNLOAD
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
Project report on Vehicle accident and Alcohol sensing alert with Engine Lock...Hitesh Kumar Singh
The main purpose behind this project is “Drunk driving detection”. Now a days, many accidents are happening because of the alcohol consumption of the driver or the person who is driving the vehicle. Thus, Drunk driving is a major reason of accidents in almost all the countries in the world. Alcohol Detector in Car project is designed for the safety of the people seating inside the car. This project should be fitted / installed inside the vehicle. If any Accident occurs then engine goes off and Alarm goes on. If there is no alcohol / no accident, then the Engine remains on and Alarm remains off. Even, if the Alcohol is detected, the engine goes off Alarm starts beeping.
A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between the human brain and the computer. The 100 billion neurons communicate via minute electrochemical impulses, shifting patterns sparking like fireflies on a summer evening, that produce movement, expression, words. Mental activity leads to changes of electrophysiological signals.
Internet of things is the coming together of internet and physical devices in a network of unlimited possibilities using microcontrollers. IOT allows for physical devices to wireless communicate over networks which has led to a growing number of applications for IOT devices.
Recently more & more hearing impaired people started using sign language. There are about 70 million people in the whole World that are not able to speak (dumb). A dumb person makes communication with other people using their motion of the hand or expressions. . Sign language helps the dumb people to make communication like normal people. The sign language translator which has been already developed uses a glove fitted with sensors that can interpret the 16 English letters in American Sign Language (ASL). Accelerometers and flex sensors are used in this system which increases its overall cost. We proposed a solution as a prototype called as “smart glove-for speech impaired people” which will translate sign language into text. It will help dump and deaf people to express their thoughts in more convenient way. As a sign language we have used traditional finger movements with contact switch wrapped around the user’s fingers. An IR transmitter receiver pair, HT12E and HT12D IC and, Arduino (Micro Controller) board helps transmitting data to PC. Moreover, use of contact switches reduces the system’s overall cost.
Keywords: - Arduino, HT12E IC & HT12D IC, IR transmitter receiver, contact switch.
The focus of the Indian Railways is to increase capacity utilization of existing assets including rolling stock, track infrastructure, traction power and signalling & telecommunications. By running more high speed trains on the existing infrastructure, passengers and freight carrying capacity as well as revenue and profitability can be increased. In order to ensure safety over high speed and high density rail networks of Indian Railways it is the need of the hour to implement Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system such as Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Indian Railways have taken up indigenous development of Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) through Research Designs & Standards Organization (RDSO) to prevent dangerous train collisions caused due to human errors or limitations and equipment failures by providing additional layer of enhanced safety in the operations.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
DOWNLOAD
The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Technological innovations in the field of disease prevention and maintenance of patient health have enabled the evolution of fields such as monitoring systems. Heart rate is a very vital health parameter that is directly related to the soundness of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute, reflects different physiological conditions such as biological workload, stress at work and concentration on tasks, drowsiness and the active state of the autonomic nervous system. It can be measured either by the ECG waveform or by sensing the pulse - the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart. The pulse can be felt from those areas where the artery is close to the skin. This paper describes a technique of measuring the heart rate through a fingertip and Arduino. It is based on the principal of photophelthysmography (PPG) which is non-invasive method of measuring the variation in blood volume in tissue using a light source and detector. While the heart is beating, it is actually pumping blood throughout the body, and that makes the blood volume inside the finger artery to change too. This fluctuation of blood can be detected through an optical sensing mechanism placed around the fingertip. The signal can be amplified and is sent to Arduino with the help of serial port communication. With the help of processing software heart rate monitoring and counting is performed. The sensor unit consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (IR LED) and a photo diode. The IR LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip, a part of which is reflected back from the blood inside the finger arteries. The photo diode senses the portion of the light that is reflected back. The intensity of reflected light depends upon the blood volume inside the fingertip. So, every time the heart beats the amount of reflected infrared light changes, which can be detected by the photo diode. With a high gain amplifier, this little alteration in the amplitude of the reflected light can be converted into a pulse.
Project report on Vehicle accident and Alcohol sensing alert with Engine Lock...Hitesh Kumar Singh
The main purpose behind this project is “Drunk driving detection”. Now a days, many accidents are happening because of the alcohol consumption of the driver or the person who is driving the vehicle. Thus, Drunk driving is a major reason of accidents in almost all the countries in the world. Alcohol Detector in Car project is designed for the safety of the people seating inside the car. This project should be fitted / installed inside the vehicle. If any Accident occurs then engine goes off and Alarm goes on. If there is no alcohol / no accident, then the Engine remains on and Alarm remains off. Even, if the Alcohol is detected, the engine goes off Alarm starts beeping.
A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) provides a new communication channel between the human brain and the computer. The 100 billion neurons communicate via minute electrochemical impulses, shifting patterns sparking like fireflies on a summer evening, that produce movement, expression, words. Mental activity leads to changes of electrophysiological signals.
Internet of things is the coming together of internet and physical devices in a network of unlimited possibilities using microcontrollers. IOT allows for physical devices to wireless communicate over networks which has led to a growing number of applications for IOT devices.
Recently more & more hearing impaired people started using sign language. There are about 70 million people in the whole World that are not able to speak (dumb). A dumb person makes communication with other people using their motion of the hand or expressions. . Sign language helps the dumb people to make communication like normal people. The sign language translator which has been already developed uses a glove fitted with sensors that can interpret the 16 English letters in American Sign Language (ASL). Accelerometers and flex sensors are used in this system which increases its overall cost. We proposed a solution as a prototype called as “smart glove-for speech impaired people” which will translate sign language into text. It will help dump and deaf people to express their thoughts in more convenient way. As a sign language we have used traditional finger movements with contact switch wrapped around the user’s fingers. An IR transmitter receiver pair, HT12E and HT12D IC and, Arduino (Micro Controller) board helps transmitting data to PC. Moreover, use of contact switches reduces the system’s overall cost.
Keywords: - Arduino, HT12E IC & HT12D IC, IR transmitter receiver, contact switch.
The focus of the Indian Railways is to increase capacity utilization of existing assets including rolling stock, track infrastructure, traction power and signalling & telecommunications. By running more high speed trains on the existing infrastructure, passengers and freight carrying capacity as well as revenue and profitability can be increased. In order to ensure safety over high speed and high density rail networks of Indian Railways it is the need of the hour to implement Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system such as Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Indian Railways have taken up indigenous development of Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) through Research Designs & Standards Organization (RDSO) to prevent dangerous train collisions caused due to human errors or limitations and equipment failures by providing additional layer of enhanced safety in the operations.
It involved pretty good knowledge of IOT(Internet of Things), working with an arduino and a lot of other sensors,
Secured an O(Outstanding) Grade in this project.
FOOD DELIVERY APP is a application designed primarily for use in the food delivery industry. This application will allow hotels, café, street food vendors and restaurants to increase scope of business by reducing the labor cost involved. Application presents an interactive and up-to-date menu with all available options in an easy to use manner. Customer can choose one or more items to place an order which will land in the cart before checking out. At the end customer can gets order confirmation details. Once the order is placed it is entered in the database and retrieved in pretty much real time.
Objective -
Develop a application that will allow customers to place their food order online and provide them with feedback, a generic image of the meal, a list of side dishes, main course ingredients, and cost information.
Project Report on Hand gesture controlled robot part 1Pragya
A gesture is a form of non-verbal communication in which visible bodily actions
communicate particular messages, either in place of speech or together and in parallel
with words. Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate
specific messages, such as purely expressive displays, proxemics, or displays of joint
attention. Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and
thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with
body language in addition towards when they speak.
Gesture Controlled Robot is a robot which can be controlled by simple gestures. The
user just needs to wear a gesture device which includes a sensor. The sensor will
record the movement of hand in a specific direction which will result in the
movement of the robot in the respective direction. The robot and the Gesture device
are connected wirelessly via radio waves. The wireless communication enables the
user to interact with the robot in a more friendly way.
For more assistance, mail me at pragyakulshresth@gmail.com
water softener circuit detail and water monitoring system using Wireless Sensor Network (zigbee configuration) Arduino software coding and real time matlab plotting of arduino data.
Minor Project Report: Automatic Door Control SystemSaban Kumar K.C.
This minor project is based on the automatic door control system used in a room or hall based on IR sensor. This project is applicable at such places where the people are busy and people are in large number.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a revolutionary concept that connects everyday objects and devices to the internet, enabling them to communicate, collect, and exchange data. Imagine a world where your refrigerator notifies you when you’re running low on groceries, or streetlights adjust their brightness based on traffic patterns – that’s the power of IoT. In essence, IoT transforms ordinary objects into smart, interconnected devices, creating a network of endless possibilities.
Here is a blog on the role of electrical and electronics engineers in IOT. Let's dig in!!!!
For more such content visit: https://nttftrg.com/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERS
Project II Report on Patient Monitoring System
1. Patient Monitoring System
A Project-II Report
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Instrumentation
submitted to
Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidhyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)
Project-II Report
submitted by
Ashlesha Anand Kale (0103EI161007) Akash Singh (0103EI161004)
Princy V Joy (0103EI161017) Amartya Mandal(0103EI161005)
Under the supervision of
Dr. Soheb Munir Prof. L N Gahalod
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
Session 2019-2020
2. Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal(M.P.)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work embodied in this Project-II Report entitled
“Patient Monitoring System” has been satisfactorily completed by
Ashlesha Anand Kale, Akash Singh, Amartya Mandal and Princy V Joy. It is a
bona-fide piece of work, carried out under our supervision and guidance in the
Electronics and Communication, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology,
Bhopal, for partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Engineering during the academic
year 2019-2020
Under supervision of
_____________________ ____________________
Dr. Soheb Munir Prof. L N Gahalod
(Project Guide) (Project In-charge)
Approved By
__________________
Dr. Soni Changlani
(Professor & Head)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal
3. Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal(M.P.)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Declaration
We, Ashlesha Anand Kale, Akash Singh, Amartya Mandal and Princy V Joy,
students of Bachelor of Engineering, Electronics and Instrumentation, Engineering,
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal, here-by declare that the work
presented in this Project-II is outcome of our own work, is bonafide, correct to the
best of our knowledge and this work has been carried out taking care of Engineering
Ethics. The work presented does not infringe any patented work and has not been
submitted to any University for the award of any degree or any professional diploma.
Ashlesha Anand Kale (0103EI161007) _________________
Akash Singh (0103EI161004) _________________
Amartya Mandal (0103EI161005) _________________
Princy V Joy (0103EI161017) _________________
4. Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal(M.P.)
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Acknowledgement
Words shall never be able to pierce through the Gamut's of emotions that are
Suddenly exposed during the routine of our college life. We would like to thank,
Dr. Soheb Munir, Project Guide for guiding and correcting us at each instant and
for his continuous motivation. At the same time, we would also like to thank
Prof. L N Gahalod, Project In-charge of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, for his well-wishes and also to provide his kind support and valuable
knowledge on the subject from time to time.
We express our heart-felt thankfulness to Dr. Soni Changlani, H.O.D. of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, LNCT, Bhopal for her unfailure
inspiration, whole hearted co-operation and constant encouragement throughout the
progress of the dissertation and incisive comments gave immense confidence to
complete the work. Also, we are grateful to Dr. Ashok Kumar Rai, OSD, LNCT
for providing us a positive learning environment and Dr Kailash Srivastava
Principal, LNCT for giving us a chance to fulfill our potential
Ashlesha Anand Kale (0103EI161007)
Akash Singh (0103EI161004)
Amartya Mandal (0103EI161005)
Princy V Joy (0103EI161017)
5. CONTENTS
List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... VII
List of Figures............................................................................................................................................VIII
List of Tables...................................................................................................................................................IX
Photographs of the Projects...................................................................................................................... X
About Us ..........................................................................................................................................................XII
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................... XIII
Project Specification................................................................................................................................ XIV
Chapter-1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
1.2 Block Diagram ..................................................................................................................3
1.3 Block Diagram description.........................................................................................3
Chapter-2: Circuit Details
2.1 Circuit Components....................................................................................................... 6
2.1.1 Temperature Sensor........................................................................................... 6
2.1.2 Arduino.....................................................................................................................7
2.1.3 Heart rate sensor .....................................................................8
2.2 Circuit layout and Description..................................................................................9
2.3 Bill of Materials...............................................................................................................11
Chapter-3: Working........................................................................................................................................ 12
V
6. Chapter-4: Source Code.............................................................................................................................14
Chapter-5: Flowchart................................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter-6: Testing and Simulation
6.1 Hardware………………………………………………………….21
6.1.1 Hardware Implementation on bread board......................................... 22
6.2 Software...............................................................................................................................22
Chapter-7: Result and Conclusion
7.1 Result.....................................................................................................................................25
7.2 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................25
Chapter-8: Expectations and Achievements..................................................................................... 27
Chapter-9: Shortcoming and Limitation..............................................................................................28
Chapter-10: Future Scope .......................................................................................................................... 30
Chapter-11: Literature Survey................................................................................................................... 32
References........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Annexure I: Impact on Society................................................................................................................. 35
Annexure II: Environment and Sustainability................................................................................. 37
Annexure III: Presentation Slides......................................................................................................... .39
VI
7. List of Abbreviations
DC - Direct Current
LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
LED - Light Emitting Diode
GND - Ground
E - Emitter
C - Collector
B - Base
RS - Register Select
RW - Read / Write
E - Enable
A.I - Artificial Intelligence
VII
8. List of Figures
Figure (i) : Patient monitoring system (Top view ).........................................................................X
Figure (ii) : Patient monitoring system (Front view)....................................................................XI
Figure 1.1. : Block diagram............................................................................................................................3
Figure 2.1. : Temperature Sensor ..............................................................................................................6
Figure 2.2 : Arduino.........................................................................................................................................7
Figure 2.3 : DHT11.......................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 2.4 : Heart rate sensor .......................................................................................................................8
Figure 2.5 : Accelerometer............................................................................................................................7
Figure 2.6. : Circuit Diagram ........................................................................................................................8
Figure 5.1 : Flow Chart.................................................................................................................................19
Figure 6.1 : Implementation of all components on Bread board............................................ 22
Figure 6.2 : Arduino Uno for source-code.........................................................................................22
Figure 6.3 : Graph of LM35 sensor plotted on serial plotter...................................................23
Figure 6.4 : Graph of Pulse rate sensor plotted on serial plotter...........................................23
VIII
9. List of Tables
Table 1 Project Specification.................................................................................................................XIV
Table 3.1 Bill of Materials..........................................................................................................................11
IX
10. Photograph of the Project
Figure (i): Patient monitoring system (Top view)
X
11. Photograph of the Project
Figure (ii) : Patient monitoring system (Front view)
XI
12. About Us
My name is Ashlesha Anand Kale. At present I am pursuing my
Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Instrumentation in
Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal. My current
CGPA is 8.38. I have done my schooling from Jawahar Lal Nehru
School. I am an active learner and I am a hard worker.
My name is Akash Singh. I am student of Bachelor of Engineering
in Electronics and Instrumentation in Lakshmi Narain College of
Technology, Bhopal. My current CGPA is 8.34. I have done my
schooling from K V COD Chheoki, Allahabad. I am an active
learner and I believe in practical.
My name is Princy V Joy. At present I am pursuing my Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics and Instrumentation in Lakshmi Narain
College of Technology, Bhopal. My current CGPA is 8.03. I have
done my schooling from Alpha School, Guna. I am an active
learner and I am a hard worker.
My name is Amartya Mandal. I am student of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics and Instrumentation in Lakshmi Narain
College of Technology, Bhopal. My current CGPA is 7.55. I have
done my schooling from DAV Public School, Ranchi. I am an
active learner and I believe in practical.
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13. Abstract
Now-a-days, a growing number of people in developing countries like India is forced
to look for new solutions of the continuous monitoring of health monitoring. It has
become a necessity to visit hospitals frequently for doctor’s consultation, which has
become financially related and a time-consuming process. To overcome this situation,
we propose a design to monitor the patient’s health conditions such as heart beat,
temperature, ambient temperature and patient mobility. The record of the same will
be accessible to the consulting doctor or nurse at all times of the day. In the recent
development of internet of things makes all objects interconnected and been
recognized as the next technical revolution. Patient monitoring is one of the IoT
application to monitor the patient health status. Internet of things makes medical
equipments more efficient by allowing real time monitoring of health. Using this
doctor can continuously monitor the patient’s on his smart phone and also the patient
history will be stored on the web server and doctor can access the information
whenever needed from anywhere.
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14. Project Specification
Table 1: Project Specification
S. No. Parameter
1. Microcontroller
2. Operating Voltage
Input Voltage
3.
(recommended)
4. Input Voltage (limits)
5. Digital I/O Pins
6. Analog Input Pins
7. DC Current per I/O Pin
8. DC Current for 3.3V Pin
9. Analog Reference PIN
Value
ATmega328
5V
7-12 V
6-20V
14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
6
6-40 mA
50mA
AREF
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15. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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16. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The modern visionary of healthcare industry is to provide better healthcare to patient
anytime and anywhere in the world in a more economic and patient friendly manner.
Therefore, for increasing the patient care efficacy, there arises a need to improve the
patient monitoring devices. The medical world today faces basic two problems when
it comes to patient monitoring,
First: the need of healthcare providers present bedside the patient
Second: the patient is restricted to bed and wired to large machines
In order to achieve better quality patient care, the above cited problems have to be
solved. This project involves the acquisition of physiological parameters such as heart
rate, body temperature and displaying them in graphical user interface for being
viewed by the doctor.The main objective is to make health monitoring system simple
and accurate.Currently only body temperature, heart rate and body movement is being
monitored in this project, but we can further expand our system by measuring various
parameters like ECG,blood pressure etc.
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17. Patient Monitoring System
1.2 Block Digram
––
Figure 1.1: Block Diagram of Patient Monitoring System
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18. Patient Monitoring System
1.3 Block Diagram Description
The block diagram of the Patient Monitoring System is inbuilt with the Arduino Uno
board, a heart rate sensor, temperature sensor LM35, humidity and temperature
sensor DHT11 and an accelerometer MPU6050. Arduino IDE is also used.
Arduino is at the heart of the circuit as it controls all functions. All the necessary
patient parameters are taken as input via different leads attached to the body of the
patient. The LM35 is a precision integrated circuit whose output voltage is linearly
proportional to Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. It is rated to operate over a -55°C to
150°C temperature range. Due to its precision and temperature range it is used to
measure the patient’s body temperature. It senses the temperature and converts it into
an electrical (analogue) signal, which is applied to the MCU through an analogue-to-
digital converter (ADC). The analogue signal is converted into digital format by the
ADC. Sensed values of the temperature can be displayed on a monitor.
The heart rate sensor is clipped either on one of the fingers, mostly the index finger or
on the toe. This way it senses the dilation of the blood vessels and gives the pulse rate
reading. The accelerometer MPU6050 has been used in order to monitor the patient’s
movement in case of terminally ill patients like in the condition of coma or paralysis.
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19. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 2
CIRCUIT DETAILS
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20. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 2
Circuit details
2.1 Circuit Components
1. LM35 Temperature Sensor
2. Arduino UNO
3. DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Senso
4. Heart Rate Sensor
5. Accelerometer mpu6050
Description of main components:
2.1.1 Temperature Sensor
We are using LM 35 as temperature sensor. LM 35 is a precision temperature sensor
whose output is linearly proportional to Celsius Temperature. The LM35 is rated to
operate from -55° Centigrade to 150° Centigrade with a linear scale factor of
+10mv/° C
Figure 2.1 :LM35
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21. Patient Monitoring System
2.1.2 Arduino
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easyto-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a
button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning
on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by
sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use
the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software
(IDE), based on Processing.
Figure 2.2: Arduino
2.1.3 DHT11 Sensor
It is a temperature and humidity sensor that has been used in the project so as to keep
a check on the ambient temperature and humidity of the patient’s chamber or room.
DHT11 is a single wire digital humidity and temperature sensor, which
provides humidity and temperature values serially.
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22. Patient Monitoring System
Figure 2.3 :DHT11
2.1.4 Heart rate sensor
The sensor has two sides, on one side the LED is placed along with an ambient light
sensor and on the other side we have some circuitry. This circuitry is responsible for
the amplification and noise cancellation work. The LED on the front side of the
sensor is placed over a vein in our human body. The veins will have blood flow inside
them only when the heart is pumping, so if we monitor the flow of blood, we can
monitor the heart beats as well.
Figure 2.4: Heart rate sensor
2.1.5 Accelerometer
The accelerometer is the activity detecting sensor. It is used to check whether there is
any movement done by the patient.Accelerometers have been used to calculate gait
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23. Patient Monitoring System
parameters, such as stance and swing phase. This kind of sensor can be used to
measure or monitor people
Figure 2.5- Accelerometer
2.2-Circuit Layout and Description
The main components of the project are Arduino Uno with Atmega 32 MCU, pulse
rate sensor, DHT-11 sensor, MPU 6050 and LM35. First we’ll see the basic
connections with respect to the microcontroller. To use the DHT11 , the data pin of
dht11 is connected to digital pin of 3. This sensor gives us the data of temperature
and humidity details.Vcc and ground are usually connected to arduino and ground
pins respectively. The LM35 which is used to measure patients body the analog pin
connected to the analog pin A0.
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24. Patient Monitoring System
Figure 2.6 :Circuit layout of Patient Monitoring System Using Arduino
The pulse rate monitor is used to measure the patients pulse rate, the date pin of this
sensor is connected to the analog A1 pin.
Now we’ll connect the accelerometer(3-axis), SCLand SDA pin are connected to pins
A4 and A5 respectively which works as external clock for accelerometer.Also the
interrupt is connected to digital pin of arduino pin 2.
.
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25. Patient Monitoring System
2.3- Bill of Materials
Table 2.1 : Bill of Materials
Material used No. of Components Price (in ₹)
Arduino 1 400
Bread Board 1 100
Heart Rate Sensor 1 200
LM35 1 80
Mpu6050 Accelerometer 1 170
DHT11 1 110
Jumper Wire 20 100
ESP8266 1 300
9V battery 2 40
Total 1500/-
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26. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 3
WORKING
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27. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 3
Working
This project is significant in various ways because in today's world, everyday many
lives are affected because the patients are not timely and properly operated. Also for
real time parameter values are not efficiently measured in clinic as well as in
hospitals.Sometimes it becomes difficult for hospitals to frequently check patient’s
conditions. Also continuous monitoring of ICU patients is very difficult. To deal with
these types of situations, our system is beneficial. Our system is designed to be used in
hospitals and homes also for measuring and monitoring various parameters like
temperature, heart rate, movement of patient and temperature and humidity of
patient’s room. The results can be recorded using Arduino. Also the doctors can see
those results on android app. The system will also generate an alert notification which
will be sent to doctor. Our system is useful for monitoring health system of every
person through easily attach the device and record it. In which we can analysis
patient’s condition through their past data, we will recommend medicines if any
emergency occurred through symbolic A.I
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28. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 4
SOURCE CODE
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29. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 4
Source Code
#include <SimpleDHT.h>
float temp;
int PulseSensorPurplePin = 0;
int LED13 = 13;
int Signal,bpm;
int Threshold = 550;
int pinDHT11 = 3;
SimpleDHT11 dht11(pinDHT11);
#include <MPU6050_tockn.h>
#include <Wire.h>
MPU6050 mpu6050(Wire);
float a=0;
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED13,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
Wire.begin();
mpu6050.begin();
mpu6050.calcGyroOffsets(true);
}
void loop()
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30. Patient Monitoring System
{
Signal = analogRead(PulseSensorPurplePin);
temp=analogRead(A1);
bpm=Signal*0.48828125*0.33333333;
temp=((temp*0.48828125)*1.8)+32; byte
temperature = 0;
byte humidity = 0;
int err = SimpleDHTErrSuccess;
if ((err = dht11.read(&temperature, &humidity, NULL)) != SimpleDHTErrSuccess)
{
Serial.print("Read DHT11 failed, err="); Serial.println(err);delay(1000);
}
temp=analogRead(A1);
temp=((temp*0.48828125)*1.8)+32;
mpu6050.update();
float y=mpu6050.getAngleY();
if((y<-90))
a=1;
else
a=0;
Serial.println("-------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
Serial.print((int)temperature); Serial.println(" *C(Room temperature), ");
Serial.print((int)humidity); Serial.println(" H(humidity in patients room)");
Serial.print((int)bpm); Serial.println(" patients(hearts beats per minute)");
Serial.print((float)temp); Serial.println(" patients(body temperature
(*F))"); if(a==1)
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31. Patient Monitoring System
{
Serial.println("fall detected");
}
Serial.println("---------------------------------------------------------------
------------------");
if(Signal > Threshold)
{
digitalWrite(LED13,HIGH);
} else
{
digitalWrite(LED13,LOW);
}
delay(5000);
}
....................................................................................
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32. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 5
FLOWCHART
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33. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 5
Flowchart
SURROUNDING PARAMETERS
PATIENT BODY PARAMETERS
HEART RATE LM 35
MPU6050
SENSOR TEMP. ACCELEROMETER
SENSOR
DHT11
TEMP. AND Arduino
HUMIDITY
SERIAL MONITOR
DISPLAY
Figure 5.1 Flow Chart
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34. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 6
TESTING AND SIMULATION
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35. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 6
Testing And Simulation
6.1 Hardware
Bread board
Arduino
Heart Rate Sensor
LM35 temp.Sensor
DHT11 temp. and Humidity Sensor
Mpu6050 Accelerometer
Connecting Wires
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36. Patient Monitoring System
6.1.1 Hardware Implementation on Bread board
Figure 6.1 : Implementation of all components on Bread board
6.2 Software
Figure 6.2 : Arduino uno for source-code
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37. Patient Monitoring System
Figure 6.3 : Graph of LM35 sensor plotted on Serial plotter
Fig 6.4: Graph of pulse rate sensor plotted on Serial plotter
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38. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 7
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
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39. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 7
Result And Conclusion
7.1 Result
Simple evaluation can take place via what we wanted out of Arduino Based Patient
Monitoring System. We showed how a mere set up can be introduced in hospitals and
the chances of patient being unattended can be reduced. Our project has the mixture
of electronics & communication and this blend is useful to achieve automation in a
developmental manner. Evaluation and judgment is only possible when you will seek
the working model having wi-fi module electronic componentslike Relays,
LCDs,smart phone, Transistors, Diodes, and LEDs etc.LCD shows regular messages
time to time based on given inputrespectively.
7.2 Conclusion
Increasing rate of chronic diseases in aging population is becoming a serious concern
due to lack of sufficient facilities and extremely high cost. The situation is even worse
for the people residing in remote areas far from medical facilities as delay in diagnosis
and treatment may lead to death. Timely diagnosis and treatment can solve these
issues to a great extent. The advancements in wireless communications and wearable
sensor technology open up the opportunity of real-time healthcare monitoring
systems.
The scope of this project is the implementation of real-time monitoring system for
remote patients on an serial monitor. The developed system would inform the doctor
in case of emergency; however, delay in alarms might occur due to various devices
and inadequacy of the microcontroller unit to process without much delay. Though
the delayed alarming time is still within the golden period of time it should be
considered in future.
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40. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 8
EXPECTATION AND ACHIEVEMENTS
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41. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 8
Expectation And Achievements
1. This will help in save time and provide better healthcare facility.
2. 24x7 monitoring of patient is not possible for human.
3. To assist hospital staff and doctors.
4. Suitable for busy healthcare centres and hospitals
5. Initial cost is high but future prospect is very bright
6. This project can be used in Home , hospitals and healthcare centeres
7. This project is practical and can be successfully implimented .
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42. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 9
SHORTCOMING AND LIMITATION
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43. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 9
Shortcomings And Limitation
Is not accessible for everyone. PMSrequires good broadband connectivity, which is
hard to achieve for small healthcare institutions and rural hospitals. On the other
hand, it’s important to take into account that not everyone owns a smartphone, and
elderly people often face difficulties in using modern gadgets, such as mobile phones.
Patients and doctors' skepticism. PMS appears to be the least effective patient
engagement initiative according to NEJM Catalyst Insights Council survey. The
researchers explain these statistics by the fact that the use of wearables is still not
available for everybody. By the way, doctors that were taking part in the survey
haven’t noticed any improvements in chronic disease management. In addition,
healthcare professionals based on their experience expressed doubt that the
technology alone is likely to change behavior of higher-risk patients.
The need of additional. After the data have been collected, IT departments have to
redirect it from PMS devices to electronic medical record systems (EMRs) by the
means of multiple third-party applications. Doubtful reliability. Popular fitness
wearables tracking physical activity appeared to have large variations of accuracy with
error margins up to 25 percent. The reliability of RPM data is called into question as
well. For instance, a review in JAMA Dermatology showed that smartphone apps for
melanoma detection have a 30 percent failure rate. The lack of reliability is the most
serious problem that needs to be fixed before devices and applications could be used
by healthcare providers
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44. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 10
FUTURE SCOPE
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45. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 10
Future Scope
Our aim is to improve the efficacy and reduce the delay time in the transmission of
parameters and then the time taken by the information to reach the concerned doctor.
While trying to develop the proposed solution, it was realised that by interfacing a wi-
fi module the information can be directly sent on the cloud from where the doctor
can access the information whenever required.
little or too many of a particular medication, it can lead to serious side effects and
health emergencies. IoT-enabled “smart pill boxes” and packaging make it easy for
health professionals and family to keep track of a patient’s medicine schedule and
Along with these basic parameters, this project can include the provision for
displaying the vitals of the patient. For that, the sensors need to be installed and for
this to function properly, the microcontroller unit needs to be upgraded.Currently, in
the on-going research it has been found that Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems can be
accurate enough to predict the chances of early death due to chronic disease in a large
middle-aged population.
Another challenge for patients with illnesses is keeping track of the prescribed
medicine routine. It can be difficult to remember when take medicine and how much
to take for those with dementia or Alzheimer's disease or those on a complex drug
regime.
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46. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 11
LITERATURE SURVEY
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47. Patient Monitoring System
CHAPTER 11
Literature Survey
Remote healthcare is an emerging research field as the world moves towards remote
monitoring, real-time and fast detection of illnesses. Remote healthcare has many
categories, (e.g. telehealth, mobile health) all of which mean monitoring of patients
outside hospital conditions by the means of technology. Remote monitoring of
patients target several sub-groups of patients, such as patients diagnosed with chronic
illnesses, patients with mobility issues, or other disability, post-surgery patients,
neonates and elderly patients. All these types of patients have conditions that are
better to be monitored continuously.
Basic elements of a remote monitoring system are data acquisition system, data
processing system, end-terminal at the hospital and the communication network. Data
acquisition system is composed of different sensors or devices with embedded sensors
with data transmission capability wirelessly. With the advancement of technology,
sensors may not be medical sensors only; it could be cameras or smartphones. This is
because, very recent research look into contactless methods where the devices do not
touch the body of the patient (McDuff et al. 2015). A most common form of these
sensors used in with-contact methods are wireless sensor networks (WSN). These
could be further categorized as wireless body area networks (WBAN), body area
networks (BAN) or personal area networks (PAN). Data processing system includes a
system with data receiving and transmitting capability and a processing unit/circuitry.
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48. Patient Monitoring System
REFERENCES
1. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
2. www.ti.com/product/LM35
3. www.learningaboutelectronics.com
4. https://components101.com/lm35-temperature-sensor
5. https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/arduino/arduino-and-mpu6050-
6.http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-set-up-the-dht11-humidity-sensor-on-an-
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49. Patient Monitoring System
ANNEXURE I
IMPACT ON SOCIETY
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50. Patient Monitoring System
ANNEXURE I
Impact On Society
The proposal of “Patient Monitoring System” is very useful to our society. By
introducing the concept of wireless technology in the field of health care we can make
it more efficient and faster.
This idea mainly aims at reducing the time delay and to make sure that a critical patient
gets attention at the proper time as the doctor can monitor the major parameters from
anywhere in the world. This model can be installed very efficiently in
hospitalsespeciallyin Intensive Care Units, and for the patients who are highly
dependent on the external life support, it is cost efficient system and very easy to
handle.
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51. Patient Monitoring System
ANNEXURE II
ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
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52. Patient Monitoring System
ANNEXURE II
Environment And Sustainability
The project Patient Monitoring System is not only environment friendly but also fulfils
long term requirements. This project is eco-friendly, does not produce much of e-
waste, as, a single system can be re-used for the next patient as soon as it is relieved by
the previous patient.This also provides more efficiency as the patient whose body
parameters cross the normal range can be identified easily and can be taken care of
well in advance as the system alerts the concerned doctors and the staff around.
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