Frog Metamorphosis
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Frogs go through four stages of metamorphosis: 1) Eggs are laid in jelly masses and hatch as tadpoles, 2) Tadpoles have gills and tails for swimming with developing lungs; 3) Young frogs grow legs as gills and tails are reabsorbed to live on land, 4) Adult frogs are fully developed to live on land without gills or tails.
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Frog metamorphosis
Frogs undergo a process called metamorphosis from egg to adult. Metamorphosis is regulated by hormones and allows the frog to transition from an aquatic tadpole with gills and tail to a terrestrial adult with lungs and legs. The life cycle begins with an egg that hatches into an embryo with forming organs; it then emerges as a tadpole that lives in water and feeds on algae. Over several weeks, limbs grow and organs like lungs develop as the tadpole transforms into a froglet. Finally, after 11 weeks, a fully developed frog with lungs and legs emerges from the water to live on land.
Metamorphosis
A very important topic for master and bachelor students of science for getting superrbb marks in exam.
Metamorphosis in frog
This document provides information about metamorphosis and frog development. It defines metamorphosis and describes the indirect development process that frogs undergo, starting as an egg laying tadpole and transforming through developmental stages into an adult frog. Key stages in a frog's life cycle are outlined, and the role of hormones like thyroxine in facilitating metamorphosis is explained. The document aims to teach students about these concepts through text, videos and a suggested hands-on art activity using modeling or mosaics.
Cleavage, Types of cleavage
The document summarizes key aspects of cleavage in early embryonic development. It describes how cleavage involves repeated mitotic cell divisions following fertilization, resulting in blastomeres. Cleavage can be total or partial depending on how the cleavage furrows bisect the egg. There are also different cleavage planes and patterns (e.g. radial vs spiral cleavage) that influence cell positioning. Early blastomeres may be determinate, with fate predetermined, or indeterminate, retaining potential to develop into a complete embryo. Cleavages follow basic principles like Sachs' laws regarding equal cell division and perpendicular intersection of division planes.
Metamorphosis in Amphibians
Amphibian metamorphosis is initiated by thyroid hormones that travel through the bloodstream and induce changes in organs and tissues. This includes the growth of adult structures like limbs, remodeling of larval structures like the intestine and nervous system, and programmed cell death of larval structures like gills and tail. The levels of thyroid hormones regulate the timing and progression of metamorphosis through different stages from pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax. While some tissues proliferate and differentiate in response to thyroid hormones, other tissues are instructed to degenerate, allowing the transition from aquatic larva to terrestrial adult.
Gastrulation chick
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embryonic-induction.pdf
Embryonic induction describes the process by which one group of cells, or tissues, directs the development of another group of cells. Key experiments by Mangold and Spemann demonstrated regional specification during induction - tissues from different regions of the organizer induce different structures in the responding tissue. For example, the anterior portion of the archenteron roof induces head structures while the posterior portion induces tail structures. Spemann's experiments also showed that early amphibian blastomeres have an equal potency to form a complete embryo that is specified by cell-cell interactions, in particular by the gray crescent organizer tissue.
Development of chick
The document summarizes key stages in early chick development:
1) Fertilization occurs internally in the oviduct, followed by cleavage and the beginning of gastrulation even before egg laying.
2) Blastulation involves the formation of the blastoderm layers and subgerminal cavity.
3) Gastrulation continues after laying, forming the primitive streak which elongates toward the head region through cell migration.
4) Cells migrate through the streak to form the endoderm and mesoderm, and the ectoderm covers the embryo through epiboly. Axis specification establishes bilateral symmetry.
Recommended
Frog metamorphosis
Frogs undergo a process called metamorphosis from egg to adult. Metamorphosis is regulated by hormones and allows the frog to transition from an aquatic tadpole with gills and tail to a terrestrial adult with lungs and legs. The life cycle begins with an egg that hatches into an embryo with forming organs; it then emerges as a tadpole that lives in water and feeds on algae. Over several weeks, limbs grow and organs like lungs develop as the tadpole transforms into a froglet. Finally, after 11 weeks, a fully developed frog with lungs and legs emerges from the water to live on land.
Metamorphosis
A very important topic for master and bachelor students of science for getting superrbb marks in exam.
Metamorphosis in frog
This document provides information about metamorphosis and frog development. It defines metamorphosis and describes the indirect development process that frogs undergo, starting as an egg laying tadpole and transforming through developmental stages into an adult frog. Key stages in a frog's life cycle are outlined, and the role of hormones like thyroxine in facilitating metamorphosis is explained. The document aims to teach students about these concepts through text, videos and a suggested hands-on art activity using modeling or mosaics.
Cleavage, Types of cleavage
The document summarizes key aspects of cleavage in early embryonic development. It describes how cleavage involves repeated mitotic cell divisions following fertilization, resulting in blastomeres. Cleavage can be total or partial depending on how the cleavage furrows bisect the egg. There are also different cleavage planes and patterns (e.g. radial vs spiral cleavage) that influence cell positioning. Early blastomeres may be determinate, with fate predetermined, or indeterminate, retaining potential to develop into a complete embryo. Cleavages follow basic principles like Sachs' laws regarding equal cell division and perpendicular intersection of division planes.
Metamorphosis in Amphibians
Amphibian metamorphosis is initiated by thyroid hormones that travel through the bloodstream and induce changes in organs and tissues. This includes the growth of adult structures like limbs, remodeling of larval structures like the intestine and nervous system, and programmed cell death of larval structures like gills and tail. The levels of thyroid hormones regulate the timing and progression of metamorphosis through different stages from pre-metamorphosis to metamorphic climax. While some tissues proliferate and differentiate in response to thyroid hormones, other tissues are instructed to degenerate, allowing the transition from aquatic larva to terrestrial adult.
Gastrulation chick
How 3 germ layers are formed in Chick that are endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm.As Chick are polylecithal so cell movements are somewhat restricted and gastrulation is modified as compared to frog.
embryonic-induction.pdf
Embryonic induction describes the process by which one group of cells, or tissues, directs the development of another group of cells. Key experiments by Mangold and Spemann demonstrated regional specification during induction - tissues from different regions of the organizer induce different structures in the responding tissue. For example, the anterior portion of the archenteron roof induces head structures while the posterior portion induces tail structures. Spemann's experiments also showed that early amphibian blastomeres have an equal potency to form a complete embryo that is specified by cell-cell interactions, in particular by the gray crescent organizer tissue.
Development of chick
The document summarizes key stages in early chick development:
1) Fertilization occurs internally in the oviduct, followed by cleavage and the beginning of gastrulation even before egg laying.
2) Blastulation involves the formation of the blastoderm layers and subgerminal cavity.
3) Gastrulation continues after laying, forming the primitive streak which elongates toward the head region through cell migration.
4) Cells migrate through the streak to form the endoderm and mesoderm, and the ectoderm covers the embryo through epiboly. Axis specification establishes bilateral symmetry.
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Frogs undergo a process called metamorphosis where they hatch from eggs as tadpoles living in water, develop legs and lungs on land, and transform into adult frogs that live both on land and in water. The document reviews the stages of a frog's life cycle from egg to tadpole to froglet and provides links to a website for more information on frogs and their metamorphosis.
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Gastrulation is the process by which the three primary germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) are formed in frog embryos through coordinated cell movements. In Xenopus embryos, gastrulation begins with bottle-shaped cells invaginating at the equatorial marginal zone to form the blastopore slit. These cells become the dorsal blastopore lip. Additional mesodermal and endodermal precursor cells involute through the expanding blastopore, eventually forming a ring around the yolky endoderm and completing germ layer formation. Fate mapping studies track the origins and locations of precursor cells during gastrulation.
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2) During embryogenesis, a fertilized egg undergoes nuclear division and cell formation to eventually produce a larva.
3) The larva develops through three larval stages called instars, undergoing molting between each stage. After the third instar, the larva forms a pupa.
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- Euryapsid skulls, found in marine reptiles like plesiosaurs, have a single pair of fenestrae high on the skull.
- Parapsid skulls, seen in ichthyosaurs, are similar but with additional bones bordering the single fenestrae.
- Diapsid skulls, common in living reptiles and dinosaurs, contain two pairs of fenestrae on each side of the skull.
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Classification of amphibia
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This document discusses various aspects of cleavage in fertilized eggs. It begins by defining cleavage as the process of segmentation of the zygote into multiple cells or blastomeres following fertilization. The blastomeres initially remain closely associated but later form a hollow sphere called a blastula. Three key points are made: 1) Cleavage prepares the groundwork for embryonic design by producing cells, 2) It establishes conditions for gastrulation, the next developmental stage. 3) Distinct planes of cell division exist during early cleavage. The document then describes different types of cleavage patterns and their relationships to embryonic cell fate determination.
Embryonic and post embryonic development in insect
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1. Embryonic development in insects includes cleavage, blastoderm formation, gastrulation, formation of the germ band and organ systems, and appendages developing from the three germ layers.
2. Post-embryonic development occurs outside the egg and insects progress through instars separated by molts until reaching adulthood.
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- Insect metamorphosis is regulated by the hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Ecdysone triggers molting and metamorphosis, while JH prevents premature metamorphosis and allows multiple larval stages.
- Key transcription factors like Broad-Complex factors mediate the effects of the hormones and regulate target genes. MicroRNAs also play a role by modulating gene expression. Silencing the enzyme Dicer-1, involved in microRNA biogenesis, inhibited metamorphosis in cockroaches.
- Ecdysone signals through a nuclear receptor pathway, activating a hierarchy of transcription factors. Silencing the factor HR3 in cockroaches disrupted ecdysis and cuticle
EDSPwebinar 4: The amphibian metamorphosis assay
Amphibians are considered as being exceptionally vulnerable to endocrine disrupters, as they exhibit obvious effects on limb development and metamorphosis in wild populations following exposure. They have a high degree of sensitivity, whether in the tadpole stage or as adults, and respond to seemingly minimal changes in the environment.
This webinar discusses the metamorphosis assay, the selection of Xenopus Laevis, some aspects of the study design and where improvements could be made. We also discuss what the study means for you and how you can ensure that your contractor has all they need to conduct the study successfully.
More info at http://www.huntingdon.com/Chemical/Endocrinedisruptorscreeningprogram/Webinars
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Frogs undergo a process called metamorphosis where they hatch from eggs as tadpoles living in water, develop legs and lungs on land, and transform into adult frogs that live both on land and in water. The document reviews the stages of a frog's life cycle from egg to tadpole to froglet and provides links to a website for more information on frogs and their metamorphosis.
Development of chick powerpoint
The egg of a chick is oval in shape, approximately 3cm wide and 5cm long. It has a porous shell made of calcium carbonate that allows for gas exchange. Inside are two types of membranes, the shell membrane and vitelline membrane, that separate to enclose an air space at the broad end. The egg undergoes fertilization internally in the upper part of the oviduct, where two polar bodies degenerate. Over 12-16 hours, the fertilized egg undergoes cleavage and then blastulation, forming three germ layers and extraembryonic structures through gastrulation and organogenesis.
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There are three types of insect development: holometabolous (complete metamorphosis from larva to pupa to adult), hemimetabolous (partial metamorphosis from nymph to adult), and ametabolous (no metamorphosis from pronymph to adult). In holometabolous insects, imaginal cells develop into adult structures during the pupal stage through programmed cell death of larval cells and differentiation of imaginal discs, controlled by the hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone. Ecdysone triggers molting and metamorphosis while juvenile hormone prevents metamorphosis and ensures additional larval stages; in the final larval stage, low juvenile hormone allows ecdysone to
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Gastrulation is the process by which the three primary germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm) are formed in frog embryos through coordinated cell movements. In Xenopus embryos, gastrulation begins with bottle-shaped cells invaginating at the equatorial marginal zone to form the blastopore slit. These cells become the dorsal blastopore lip. Additional mesodermal and endodermal precursor cells involute through the expanding blastopore, eventually forming a ring around the yolky endoderm and completing germ layer formation. Fate mapping studies track the origins and locations of precursor cells during gastrulation.
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1) Drosophila development progresses through embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult stages.
2) During embryogenesis, a fertilized egg undergoes nuclear division and cell formation to eventually produce a larva.
3) The larva develops through three larval stages called instars, undergoing molting between each stage. After the third instar, the larva forms a pupa.
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This document summarizes the different types of skulls found in reptiles:
- Anapsid skulls, found in primitive reptiles and turtles, have no temporal fenestrae.
- Euryapsid skulls, found in marine reptiles like plesiosaurs, have a single pair of fenestrae high on the skull.
- Parapsid skulls, seen in ichthyosaurs, are similar but with additional bones bordering the single fenestrae.
- Diapsid skulls, common in living reptiles and dinosaurs, contain two pairs of fenestrae on each side of the skull.
- Synapsid skulls, seen in early mammal-like reptiles
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This document discusses insect metamorphosis. It explains that there are two types: incomplete metamorphosis, which has three stages (egg, nymph, adult), and complete metamorphosis, which has four stages (egg, larva, pupa, adult). Incomplete metamorphosis involves an insect growing gradually from nymph to adult, while complete metamorphosis involves a dramatic physical change between life stages. Examples of insects that undergo each type of metamorphosis are provided.
Origin and Evolution of Life by Ratnodip Saha
1. The document discusses the origin of life on Earth, beginning with abiogenesis, the process by which life arises from non-living matter.
2. It describes the early Earth environment and the formation of simple organic molecules, followed by more complex polymers that aggregated to form early protocells like coacervates and microspheres.
3. Key events in the development of life included the evolution of protocells into prokaryotic cells, then eukaryotic cells, and later the rise of multicellular organisms.
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There are three main types of metamorphosis in insects: ametabolous, gradual (incomplete), and complete. Ametabolous insects like springtails undergo simple growth without morphological changes between immature and adult stages. Gradually metamorphosing insects like grasshoppers change gradually through nymph stages that resemble adults. Completely metamorphosing insects like butterflies undergo a dramatic transformation through distinct larva and pupa stages before emerging as adults. The production and cessation of juvenile hormone by the corpora allata gland controls whether an insect remains immature or undergoes metamorphosis into an adult form.
Metamorphosis in insects
This document discusses metamorphosis in amphibians. It begins by defining metamorphosis and noting that it occurs in both invertebrates and chordates, including amphibians. It then describes the characteristics of amphibians and the differences between the larval and adult stages of anurans, or tailless amphibians. The document outlines the developmental stages from embryo to larva to adult. It details the changes that occur during the prometamorphic and metamorphic climax periods of metamorphosis in Rana pipiens frogs. Finally, it briefly mentions some other highlights of amphibian metamorphosis, including the role of hormones and iodine.
Classification of amphibia
Amphibians are teterapod vertebrata, transition stage between aquatic and terrestial mode of life.
Cleavage
This document discusses various aspects of cleavage in fertilized eggs. It begins by defining cleavage as the process of segmentation of the zygote into multiple cells or blastomeres following fertilization. The blastomeres initially remain closely associated but later form a hollow sphere called a blastula. Three key points are made: 1) Cleavage prepares the groundwork for embryonic design by producing cells, 2) It establishes conditions for gastrulation, the next developmental stage. 3) Distinct planes of cell division exist during early cleavage. The document then describes different types of cleavage patterns and their relationships to embryonic cell fate determination.
Embryonic and post embryonic development in insect
Embryonic and post embryonic development in insectIndian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi
1. Embryonic development in insects includes cleavage, blastoderm formation, gastrulation, formation of the germ band and organ systems, and appendages developing from the three germ layers.
2. Post-embryonic development occurs outside the egg and insects progress through instars separated by molts until reaching adulthood.
3. There are four main types of metamorphosis in insects - ametabola (no change), hemimetabola (incomplete change), paurometabola (gradual change), and holometabola (complete change through a larval stage and pupal stage).11.4 production of gametes
The document summarizes the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis. It describes how sperm are produced in the testes through mitosis, meiosis and differentiation. Millions of sperm are produced daily starting at puberty. Oogenesis occurs in the ovaries, with one egg maturing each month through meiosis. Only one egg is produced per month from fetal development to menopause. The three hormones that regulate spermatogenesis - FSH, LH, and testosterone - are also outlined.
Parental care in Amphibians
Parental care in amphibians provides benefits to offspring survival. There are various types of parental care exhibited by different amphibian species, including selecting protected nesting sites, defending eggs or territories, directly transporting tadpoles to water, gluing or carrying eggs attached to the body, and even viviparity in some species. Parental care improves offspring chances of survival by protecting eggs from predators and ensuring young amphibians safely reach water once hatched.
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The document summarizes chicken embryonic development from fertilization through organogenesis. It discusses key stages including cleavage, blastulation, gastrulation forming the three germ layers, primitive streak formation, somite formation, neural tube formation, and organogenesis. Diagrams of chicken embryos at various developmental stages from 18 hours to 96 hours are included to illustrate structures as they develop.
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Metamorphosis in amphibians involves dramatic changes initiated by thyroid hormones that transform aquatic larvae into terrestrial adults. These changes include remodeling of tissues and organs like development of lungs and loss of gills to transition from aquatic to terrestrial respiration. Changes in skin, digestive system and other organs prepare the amphibian for life on land. The process is controlled by thyroid hormones which activate receptors that turn on genes driving tissue remodeling and metamorphosis.
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This document discusses insect anatomy and physiology. It covers the evolution of insect flight, mechanisms of flight including direct and indirect flight, thermoregulation, and insect mouth parts including the labrum, mandibles, maxillae, and labium. The document is presented to Madam Khola for her third semester Botany course on zoo studies.
Structure and types of eggs
This document describes the structure and types of eggs. It discusses the structure of eggs including the plasma membrane, vitelline envelope, ooplasm, ectoplasm, endoplasm, nucleus and organelles. It then classifies eggs into four types based on amount of yolk, yolk distribution, development potency, and presence or absence of a shell. The main egg types include microlecithal, mesolecithal, macrolecithal eggs and mosaic vs. regulative development.
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molecular bases of metamorphosis in insects
- Insect metamorphosis is regulated by the hormones ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH). Ecdysone triggers molting and metamorphosis, while JH prevents premature metamorphosis and allows multiple larval stages.
- Key transcription factors like Broad-Complex factors mediate the effects of the hormones and regulate target genes. MicroRNAs also play a role by modulating gene expression. Silencing the enzyme Dicer-1, involved in microRNA biogenesis, inhibited metamorphosis in cockroaches.
- Ecdysone signals through a nuclear receptor pathway, activating a hierarchy of transcription factors. Silencing the factor HR3 in cockroaches disrupted ecdysis and cuticle
EDSPwebinar 4: The amphibian metamorphosis assay
Amphibians are considered as being exceptionally vulnerable to endocrine disrupters, as they exhibit obvious effects on limb development and metamorphosis in wild populations following exposure. They have a high degree of sensitivity, whether in the tadpole stage or as adults, and respond to seemingly minimal changes in the environment.
This webinar discusses the metamorphosis assay, the selection of Xenopus Laevis, some aspects of the study design and where improvements could be made. We also discuss what the study means for you and how you can ensure that your contractor has all they need to conduct the study successfully.
More info at http://www.huntingdon.com/Chemical/Endocrinedisruptorscreeningprogram/Webinars
Metamorphosis
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The metamorphosis
Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Jewish writer living in Prague in the early 20th century who felt like an outsider. He wrote The Metamorphosis in 1915, telling the story of Gregor Samsa who wakes up transformed into a large insect. Gregor's transformation represents alienation and meaninglessness in modern life. Through his new condition, Gregor begins an inward journey of self-discovery and accepting responsibility for his own life, ultimately finding meaning before his death. The story uses parable and symbolism to examine human psychology and behavior in a detached, thought-provoking way.
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this presentation includes morphological and biochemical changes that takes place during amphibian metamorphosis. it also includes hormonal control and coordination during metamorphosis.
scott gilbert 6th edition is a very good book for this topic.
also available on net on ncbi site
happy studying :)
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Embryonic development begins with cleavage, where the fertilized egg undergoes rapid cell divisions without growth to form blastomeres. Compaction occurs as the blastomeres flatten and maximize contacts to form a solid ball of cells. Microvilli and gap junctions form connections between cells. As the embryo reaches 32 cells it is called a morula. The morula undergoes cavitation to form a fluid-filled blastocoel, becoming a blastocyst with an inner cell mass, trophoectoderm layer, and blastocoel cavity. The blastocyst undergoes implantation and attachment to the uterine wall, forming the placenta.
Metamorphosis Found Online
There are two types of metamorphosis - complete and incomplete. Incomplete metamorphosis has three stages: egg, nymph, and adult. Complete metamorphosis has four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Frogs undergo complete metamorphosis, starting as an egg then tadpole with gills and tail, developing into a form with lungs and legs, and finally emerging as an adult frog living on land.
Cleavage by Tauqeer Ahmad
The document summarizes the process of cleavage in early embryonic development. It describes how the zygote undergoes rapid cell divisions called cleavage to form a solid ball of cells called a morula. The morula then develops a fluid filled cavity called a blastocoel, forming the blastocyst stage. Within the blastocyst, the cells arrange into two layers - an inner cell mass that will become the embryo, and an outer trophoblast layer that will provide nutrition and allow implantation in the uterus.
Migratory birds
Students at DAV Public School in Khera Khurd, Delhi learned about migratory birds through a field visit to Yamuna Biodiversity Park. They collected data by filling survey forms and made blogs and PowerPoint presentations about different migratory birds. They included information on birds that migrate to and from India. Students also created cartoons of migratory birds that were displayed to teach others about these birds.
cleavage and gastrulation in amphibians
1. Amphibian embryos undergo radial cleavage where cell divisions are slower in the vegetal hemisphere containing yolk. Gastrulation begins with the invagination of cells at the blastopore forming the archenteron.
2. Fate mapping shows superficial cells form ectoderm and endoderm, while deeper cells form mesoderm. During gastrulation, bottle cells migrate inward expanding the archenteron.
3. Spemann and Mangold's experiments showed the dorsal lip tissue of the blastopore, known as the organizer, can induce a secondary embryonic axis when transplanted, demonstrating its inductive properties.
LIFE CYCLE OF A FROG
Frogs lay many eggs in water which hatch into tadpoles. Tadpoles grow back legs followed by front legs as their tails shrink. Eventually the tadpoles transform into adult frogs that can live on land or in water, completing the frog life cycle.
Blastulation
The document summarizes the process of blastulation in embryonic development. It describes how the zygote undergoes cleavage, forming blastomeres that arrange into a structure called a morula. The morula then develops into the blastula stage, where the cells form a blastoderm layer surrounding an interior cavity called the blastocoel. There are different types of blastulae depending on features like whether the blastocoel is present, the number of cell layers in the blastoderm, and how yolk is distributed. Key blastula types include coeloblastula, stereoblastula, periblastula, discoblastula, and blastocyst.
Cleavage
This document discusses various types of planar and linear structures in deformed rocks, including cleavage, foliation, folds, and lineations. It defines cleavage as a tendency to split along planes other than bedding, often linked to folding and metamorphism. Foliation refers to the spatial and geometric relationships that make up metamorphic rocks, including the orientation of minerals. Different types of cleavage like slaty, crenulation, and spaced cleavage are described. The relationship between cleavage, bedding, and folds is also explained.
Cleavage
Fertilization is a complex chain of events that must occur successfully for conception. It begins with changes to the sperm to prepare for fusion with an egg. A single sperm must fuse with the egg to prevent polyspermy, which leads to embryonic death. Following fusion, the genetic material from the sperm and egg combine and the zygote undergoes rapid cell division through cleavage to form a blastula or blastocyst. This initiates differentiation of cells and early embryonic development.
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- 2. Frog Metamorphosis Now let’s learn about each stage in detail!
- 3. Stage 1: Egg Mass Frogs lay lots of eggs at one time. Each egg is covered in a jellylike coating.
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