The document discusses the yield curve, which plots the relationship between bond yields (interest rates) and their time to maturity. It notes that yield curves are typically upward sloping, with longer-term bonds having higher yields than shorter-term bonds. Yield curves are used by analysts to understand financial markets and seek trading opportunities, and by economists to understand economic conditions. The shape and slope of the yield curve changes daily based on market reactions to news.
The Yield Curve is made up by graphing the plots of the yields of bonds of similar quality or risk class against their maturities, ranging from shortest to longest term.
This ppt is prepared to provide detailed information regarding Forwards and Futures contracts of Derivatives the topics covered under this are Meaning of Forwards contracts, Underlying Assets of Forwards contracts, FEATURES OF FORWARD CONTRACTS, Tailored made, Why Forwards contracts, FUTURES CONTRACT, What is A Futures Contract, Characteristics of Futures contracts, Mechanism of Trading in Futures Market, Margin requirement, Marking-to-market (M2M), SETTLING A FUTURE POSITION, OFFSETTING, CASH DELIVERY, by Sundar, Assistant Professor of commerce.
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A Presentation on Financial Derivatives. this covers it's definition, features, types, benefits, challenges and applications.
Derivative is defined as the future contract between two parties. It means there must be a contract-binding on the underlying parties and the same to be fulfilled in future.
Normally, the derivative instruments have the value which is derived from the values of other underlying assets, such as agricultural commodities, metals, financial assets, intangible assets.
The Yield Curve is made up by graphing the plots of the yields of bonds of similar quality or risk class against their maturities, ranging from shortest to longest term.
This ppt is prepared to provide detailed information regarding Forwards and Futures contracts of Derivatives the topics covered under this are Meaning of Forwards contracts, Underlying Assets of Forwards contracts, FEATURES OF FORWARD CONTRACTS, Tailored made, Why Forwards contracts, FUTURES CONTRACT, What is A Futures Contract, Characteristics of Futures contracts, Mechanism of Trading in Futures Market, Margin requirement, Marking-to-market (M2M), SETTLING A FUTURE POSITION, OFFSETTING, CASH DELIVERY, by Sundar, Assistant Professor of commerce.
Subscribe to Vision Academy for Video assistance
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCjzpit_cXjdnzER_165mIiw
A Presentation on Financial Derivatives. this covers it's definition, features, types, benefits, challenges and applications.
Derivative is defined as the future contract between two parties. It means there must be a contract-binding on the underlying parties and the same to be fulfilled in future.
Normally, the derivative instruments have the value which is derived from the values of other underlying assets, such as agricultural commodities, metals, financial assets, intangible assets.
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Interest-rate risk substantially affect the values of the assets and liabilities of most corporations and is often a dominant factor affecting the values of pension funds, banks and many other financial intermediaries.
A yield curve is a graphical presentation of the yield of bonds or securities of the same credit quality at various maturity levels. A Flat Yield Curve is a relatively flat curve of a yield.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/flat-yield-curve
The Federal Reserve is not a part of U.S. Government. It operates on.pdfpreetajain
The Federal Reserve is not a part of U.S. Government. It operates on its own and is not governed
by any government policy. The only danger of directly borrowing funds from the Federal
Reserve is that the U.S. Government (Treasury Department) will increase its national debt which
is already on the rise from the year 2000.
The yield curve is a graphic representation of interest rates for similar-quality bonds at different
maturities and is as such viewed as a reflection of expectations of future interest rates. The yield
curve also enables investors to compare the yields offered by bonds of short-, medium- and long-
term maturities when making investment decisions.
The most common shapes that the yield curve can take are represented by a normal, an inverted
and a humped yield curve. When short-term interest rates are lower than long-term interest rates,
the yield curve takes a normal shape. If the opposite holds, i.e. short-term interest rates are higher
than long-term interest rates, the yield curve is said to be inverted. Finally, when a yield curve is
humped, medium-term interest rates are higher than short-term and long-term interest rates.
When the yield curve is normal, investors expect interest rates in the future to be higher. The
higher interest rates would be a result economic growth and higher inflation in the future. A
normal yield curve also tells investors that long-term bonds yield a higher return than short-term
bonds. Hence, investors with longer investment horizons might prefer to invest in long-term
rather than short-term bonds. However, taking into account expectations of inflation as reflected
in the shape of the yield curve, the higher return on a long-term security will in fact give an
investor lower buying power as future cash flows are discounted at higher interest rates due to
inflation. Moreover, the cash invested as principal will have a substantially lower purchasing
power when it is returned in the future (say in 20 years), when interest rates are significantly
higher. As a means of protecting against inflation, investors might consider altering their fixed
income portfolio allocations and shifting some of their holdings into securities that are immune
to inflation, such as TIPS. TIPS (Treasury Inflation Protected Securities) pay a principal at
maturity that is adjusted for inflation and they also pay coupons as a percentage of the adjusted
principal.
Solution
The Federal Reserve is not a part of U.S. Government. It operates on its own and is not governed
by any government policy. The only danger of directly borrowing funds from the Federal
Reserve is that the U.S. Government (Treasury Department) will increase its national debt which
is already on the rise from the year 2000.
The yield curve is a graphic representation of interest rates for similar-quality bonds at different
maturities and is as such viewed as a reflection of expectations of future interest rates. The yield
curve also enables investors to compare .
Meaning of Term Structure of Interest Rates
Significance of Term Structure of Interest Rates
What is Yield Curve?
A spot rate and a forward Rate
Theories of Term Structure of Interest Rates
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We have all heard of Financial speculation, which involves the buying & selling of stocks, bonds, currencies, real estate or any other valuable financial instrument owing to anticipated fluctuations in its price with the aim of profiting from it.
Return on Net Worth (RONW) is used in finance as a measure of a company’s profitability. It reveals how much profit a company generates with the money that the equity shareholders have invested.
Capital Employed is represented as total assets minus current liabilities. In other words, it is the value of the assets that contribute to a company’s ability to generate revenue
Simply put, a budget deficit occurs when an entity (often a government) spends more money than it takes in. The opposite of a budget deficit, on the other hand, is a budget surplus.
The expenses that the government incurs is always more than the income it makes. This difference or deficit is known as “Fiscal Deficit”. It is expressed as a percentage of GDP.
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• Real GDP growth slowed down due to problems with access to electricity caused by the destruction of manoeuvrable electricity generation by Russian drones and missiles.
• Exports and imports continued growing due to better logistics through the Ukrainian sea corridor and road. Polish farmers and drivers stopped blocking borders at the end of April.
• In April, both the Tax and Customs Services over-executed the revenue plan. Moreover, the NBU transferred twice the planned profit to the budget.
• The European side approved the Ukraine Plan, which the government adopted to determine indicators for the Ukraine Facility. That approval will allow Ukraine to receive a EUR 1.9 bn loan from the EU in May. At the same time, the EU provided Ukraine with a EUR 1.5 bn loan in April, as the government fulfilled five indicators under the Ukraine Plan.
• The USA has finally approved an aid package for Ukraine, which includes USD 7.8 bn of budget support; however, the conditions and timing of the assistance are still unknown.
• As in March, annual consumer inflation amounted to 3.2% yoy in April.
• At the April monetary policy meeting, the NBU again reduced the key policy rate from 14.5% to 13.5% per annum.
• Over the past four weeks, the hryvnia exchange rate has stabilized in the UAH 39-40 per USD range.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell my pi coins for cash in a pi APPDOT TECH
You can't sell your pi coins in the pi network app. because it is not listed yet on any exchange.
The only way you can sell is by trading your pi coins with an investor (a person looking forward to hold massive amounts of pi coins before mainnet launch) .
You don't need to meet the investor directly all the trades are done with a pi vendor/merchant (a person that buys the pi coins from miners and resell it to investors)
I Will leave The telegram contact of my personal pi vendor, if you are finding a legitimate one.
@Pi_vendor_247
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The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
3. In finance, the yield curve is the relation between the interest rate (or cost of
borrowing) and the time to maturity of the debt for a given borrower in a given
currency.
For example, the current U.S. dollar interest rates paid on U.S. Treasury
securities for arious maturities are closely watched by many traders, and are
commonly plotted on a graph informally called the ‘yield curve’ which is depicted
in the previous slide.
4. So what is ‘yield’?
The yield of a debt instrument is the annualized percentage increase in the value of
the investment.
For instance, a bank account that pays an interest rate of 4% per year has a 4%
yield.
5. In general…
The percentage per year that can be earned is dependent on the length of time that
the money is invested.
This earning for having invested your money in a particular investment instrument is
called as ‘yield’.
Also, it is important to understand that the yield is not directly proportional to the
length of the investment. ( It is not a straight line relationship).
6. So what are the uses of the
Yield Curve?
Yield curves are used by fixed income analysts, who analyze bonds and related
securities, to understand conditions in financial markets and to seek trading
opportunities.
Economists use the curves to understand economic conditions.
The yield curve function Y is actually only known with certainty for a few specific
maturity dates. The other maturities are calculated by interpolation.
8. Now…
Yield curves are usually upward sloping i.e.
the longer the maturity, the higher the yield,
with diminishing marginal growth (which
means that after a point every increase in
duration will bring lesser incremental return).
9. This is because…
It is easier to predict the near term as against the long term.
Hence, short term papers are usually held by the investor till its maturity.
And long term instruments are usually traded in the market as their returns get
affected by changes in interest rates, which occur regularly in an economy.
10. Also…
The yield curve can also be flat or even concave in shape where the short term yield
is seen to be more than than the long term yield.
This is being witnessed currently wherein overnight interest rates (call money rates)
soared due to the liquidity crunch.
Yield curves move on a daily basis, reflecting the market's reaction to news.