Feeding A Hot And Hungry Planet Tim Searchingeraimeew
A presentation by Timothy D Searchinger of Princeton University at the opening session of the inaugural Global Research Alliance meeting in Wellington, New Zealand.
The invention of the plow increased soil erosion, which archaeological studies show contributed to the decline of ancient civilizations. Soil erosion causes on-site issues like reduced fertility and off-site issues like water pollution. The estimated annual global cost of soil erosion from water is $33 billion. Conservation agriculture practices like no-till, cover crops, and crop rotations can help reverse soil degradation, increase soil carbon storage, and provide economic and climate benefits. Rattan Lal estimates that conservation agriculture practices could offset 5-15% of global fossil fuel emissions through increased soil carbon sequestration.
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
This document summarizes research on managing grasslands to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration. It finds that:
1) Grasslands store large amounts of carbon in soils, and practices like applying livestock manure or compost can significantly increase soil carbon storage for decades or more, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Managing half of California's grasslands to increase soil carbon by 0.5 metric tons per hectare per year could offset 21 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents annually.
3) Projects demonstrating increased soil carbon through compost and manure in California grasslands show the potential for agriculture and soil management to meaningfully contribute to climate change mitigation.
1) Organic no-till agriculture is presented as a potential solution that bridges conventional and organic farming by eliminating the need for tillage and chemicals.
2) The Rodale Institute has been researching organic no-till techniques, finding that cover crops can provide weed control and nutrients to replace chemicals and reduce the need for tillage.
3) Their techniques include using a roller-crimper and planter in one pass to plant cash crops into rolled-down cover crops without tilling, reducing costs, energy usage, and maintaining soil health compared to conventional and organic systems.
Climate change, water scarcity, rising energy costs, and increasing global food demand are converging threats that must be addressed together through integrated solutions. Agricultural systems need to use resources like climate, water, energy, and nutrients more efficiently while transitioning to renewable energy and sustainable practices. Long-term food security in Timor-Leste requires building agricultural knowledge and capacity, strengthening legal frameworks, conducting environmental research, and considering these interconnected issues now to determine future success.
Presentation by Dr. Jerry Hatfield for the Climate Change and Midwest Agriculture: Impacts, Challenges, & Opportunities workshop held by the USDA Midwest Climate Hub on March 1-2, 2016.
Feeding A Hot And Hungry Planet Tim Searchingeraimeew
A presentation by Timothy D Searchinger of Princeton University at the opening session of the inaugural Global Research Alliance meeting in Wellington, New Zealand.
The invention of the plow increased soil erosion, which archaeological studies show contributed to the decline of ancient civilizations. Soil erosion causes on-site issues like reduced fertility and off-site issues like water pollution. The estimated annual global cost of soil erosion from water is $33 billion. Conservation agriculture practices like no-till, cover crops, and crop rotations can help reverse soil degradation, increase soil carbon storage, and provide economic and climate benefits. Rattan Lal estimates that conservation agriculture practices could offset 5-15% of global fossil fuel emissions through increased soil carbon sequestration.
Rising to the challenge of establishing a climate smart agriculture - a global context presented as keynote in the Workshop on Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies in Asia workshop, organised by CCAFS, UNEP and IRRI.
This document summarizes research on managing grasslands to mitigate climate change through carbon sequestration. It finds that:
1) Grasslands store large amounts of carbon in soils, and practices like applying livestock manure or compost can significantly increase soil carbon storage for decades or more, offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Managing half of California's grasslands to increase soil carbon by 0.5 metric tons per hectare per year could offset 21 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents annually.
3) Projects demonstrating increased soil carbon through compost and manure in California grasslands show the potential for agriculture and soil management to meaningfully contribute to climate change mitigation.
1) Organic no-till agriculture is presented as a potential solution that bridges conventional and organic farming by eliminating the need for tillage and chemicals.
2) The Rodale Institute has been researching organic no-till techniques, finding that cover crops can provide weed control and nutrients to replace chemicals and reduce the need for tillage.
3) Their techniques include using a roller-crimper and planter in one pass to plant cash crops into rolled-down cover crops without tilling, reducing costs, energy usage, and maintaining soil health compared to conventional and organic systems.
Climate change, water scarcity, rising energy costs, and increasing global food demand are converging threats that must be addressed together through integrated solutions. Agricultural systems need to use resources like climate, water, energy, and nutrients more efficiently while transitioning to renewable energy and sustainable practices. Long-term food security in Timor-Leste requires building agricultural knowledge and capacity, strengthening legal frameworks, conducting environmental research, and considering these interconnected issues now to determine future success.
Presentation by Dr. Jerry Hatfield for the Climate Change and Midwest Agriculture: Impacts, Challenges, & Opportunities workshop held by the USDA Midwest Climate Hub on March 1-2, 2016.
Confronting the Food Security Threats from Climate Change -- Grand JunctionConservationColorado
From our climate panel in Grand Junction on August 4:
Our Forest, Our Water, Our Land: Local Impacts on Climate Change. Sponsored by Conservation Colorado, Mesa County Library, Math & Science Center
This document discusses principles of soil health and water quality that can be promoted through agroforestry practices at the watershed level. It summarizes 5 soil health principles: soil armor, minimizing soil disturbance, plant diversity, continual live plant and root presence, and livestock integration. It also summarizes 3 water quality principles: promoting soil health, reducing erosion, and lessening nutrient runoff. The document then provides examples of agroforestry case studies demonstrating how identifying suitable lands for various crops and practices can utilize these principles. It discusses benefits measurable from this watershed planning approach, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, distributed buy-in, and emergent economic opportunities.
This document discusses growing ecosystem services and the value they provide. It summarizes that worldwide ecosystem services are worth an average of $33 trillion annually, but many services are declining as land use changes intensify. Specific services like pest control, worth $13.6 billion, and pollination, critical for 75% of crop species, are examined. The status of provisioning, regulating and cultural services is outlined, with many degraded. Soil conservation, carbon sequestration and the role of landscapes in service delivery are also covered. Future trends may include more investment in natural capital and adaptive management. Agricultural practices supporting biodiversity can enhance services and carbon storage.
The influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum tu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Rates of 0 to 320 kg K/ha were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Recommended rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to all treatments. While the highest potato tuber yield of 53.33 t/ha was obtained at 280 kg K/ha, there were no statistically significant differences in tuber yield, nutrient concentrations, or soil properties across the K rates tested. However, 280 kg K/ha provided an 11.4% higher yield than the control. Based on these results, applying K fertilizer was not found to be necessary for potato production at this site
11.the influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer (0-320 kg/ha) on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Potato yield ranged from 43.97 to 53.33 tons/ha and was highest at 280 kg K/ha, though differences were not statistically significant. Soil available K and exchangeable K increased with fertilizer rates up to 280-320 kg K/ha compared to the unfertilized control. However, potato tuber and leaf nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties generally did not show clear trends with increasing K. The researchers concluded that based on the results, K fertilizer was not required for potato production at the study site, though periodic soil and crop testing should
Stubble retention in cropping in South East Australia: benefits and challenge...Joanna Hicks
Professor Len Wade discusses the benefits and challenges of stubble retention in cropping systems in South-East Australia. He finds that stubble retention can improve soil moisture storage and potentially increase soil organic carbon in the long-term. However, yield benefits of stubble retention compared to stubble burning are mixed and depend on growing season rainfall. In wet years, stubble retention may decrease yields due to issues like disease, slugs, and soil compaction. Strategic tillage or burning may still be necessary to manage these challenges.
Climate change impacts on agriculture and rural development in the Pacific Re...Euforic Services
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and rural development in Pacific island countries. It notes that rising sea levels and changes in rainfall patterns from climate change threaten coconut trees, an important food and cash crop. On Maiana Island in Kiribati, decreases in rainfall are reducing food and copra production, potentially exacerbating effects of sea level rise such as land loss. Climate change also poses challenges for rural energy development projects in Kiribati by reducing incomes from copra that communities rely on to purchase and maintain new energy systems. Adaptation will require financial resources, developing resilient cash crops, and gender-sensitive policies.
Nitrogen Cycling: Risks and Opportunities - Keith Goulding (Rothamsted Resea...Farming Futures
This document discusses nitrogen cycling in agriculture and opportunities to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). It notes that improving NUE is important to reduce costs, fossil fuel use, and nitrogen losses to the air and water. The core of the nitrogen cycle is complicated, and there is no quick way to predict nitrogen release from soils. Improving NUE requires no quick fixes and involves assessing risk and eliminating 'leaky' practices that cause nitrogen to leach. The document recommends using tools like the RB209 Fertiliser Manual and Tried & Tested SNS calculator to help estimate crop needs and soil nitrogen supply to guide fertilizer application rates and improve NUE.
Impacts of Organic Farming on the Efficiency of Energy Use in Agriculturex3G9
The document analyzes the efficiency of energy use in organic versus conventional farming. It finds:
1) Conventional farming in the US uses approximately 1,000 liters of fossil energy per hectare, with about one-third used for fertilizers, one-third for mechanization, and one-third for other inputs like pesticides.
2) Organic farming is found to be more energy efficient than conventional farming for corn and soybean production. A study of organic corn production in Pennsylvania found it required 31% less fossil energy input compared to conventional production, yielding 5.8 kilocalories of corn per kilocalorie of fossil energy invested versus 4 kilocalories for conventional corn.
3)
Continuous Policy Formation and the Migratory Bird Treaty ActIsidoro Hazbun
The document discusses the continuous policy formation process around the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). It notes several challenges, including ambiguity around interpretation of incidental take under the MBTA. It also outlines threats to bird populations like climate change, renewable energy development, agriculture, pollution, and hunting. The theoretical framework of multiple streams in policymaking is applied, finding influences like interest groups and spillover effects between policy and political streams can impact continuous policy formation around the MBTA.
Enhancing Farmers' Resilience of Sri Lankan Dry Zones to a Changing ClimateESD UNU-IAS
Enhancing Farmers' Resilience of Sri Lankan Dry Zones to a Changing Climate
Presented by:
Mr. Mohamed Fazal Mohamed Ajwaad – Project Officer, ACCEND / Project, Oxfam Italia, Sri Lanka
Ms. Dolgorsuren Sanjjav – Technical Officer / CBIT Project / UNFAO, Mongolia
Mr. Pratik Singh Thakuri – Program and Research Officer, Centre of Research for Environment, Energy and Water (CREEW), Nepal
Mr. Bart David Quibod – Instructor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Chairperson, Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response Committee; NSTP Coordinator, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
This document provides an overview of regenerative agriculture and its potential to mitigate climate change by drawing down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It discusses how regenerative practices can sequester large amounts of carbon in soils each year, potentially sequestering enough to stabilize the climate. Case studies from around the world show specific regenerative techniques, such as composting, cover cropping, holistic grazing, and permaculture, successfully increasing soil carbon levels and agricultural productivity even in drought conditions. The document argues that transitioning just 10% of global agriculture to regenerative systems could reverse climate change through carbon sequestration.
This document discusses managing agricultural landscapes for climate change mitigation and adaptation. It outlines the traditional challenges farmers face in supplying food while sustaining resources, and new challenges of supplying ecosystem services and adapting to climate disruption. Effective strategies include restoring degraded lands, increasing soil and biomass carbon, sustainable livestock practices, and protecting natural habitats. Multi-stakeholder collaborative planning and tools to assess landscape performance are needed to implement ecoagriculture landscape strategies. Case studies from around the world demonstrate diverse solutions tailored to local conditions.
Factory Farming Part1 For Zero Waste Recommendedkiore1
Livestock agriculture has significant environmental impacts worldwide and in New Zealand. Intensive livestock farming leads to increased waste, which places environmental pressures on the land and waterways. In New Zealand, livestock farming accounts for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions and is a major contributor to issues like water pollution, soil erosion, habitat loss, and water usage. Regional councils have nutrient management plans and the clean stream accord aims to mitigate the effects of dairy farming on waterways through excluding stock, managing effluent, and fencing wetlands.
How can agriculture help achieve the 2°C climate change target? Delivering food security while reducing emissions in the global food system
November 2, 2015
Event co-sponsored by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and the World Bank
Delivering on a transformed food sector:
Transforming cereal crop production
Martin Kropff, Director General, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Land governance – a key factor for sustainabilityFrancois Stepman
Over 500 million family farmers produce 80% of the world's food while 350-500 million indigenous peoples and 240 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists rely on access to land and natural resources for their livelihoods. However, large-scale land deals can negatively impact local communities by threatening their livelihoods, human rights, and access to food while reducing incentives to mitigate climate change. A territorial vision of development that recognizes the land rights of local communities strengthens local food systems and builds on local knowledge while helping to address challenges of food security, biodiversity, and land degradation. Looking ahead, access to land is becoming increasingly difficult for the world's youth as population growth outpaces available arable land.
This project aims to evaluate Arundo donax as a sustainable biomass crop for biofuels by investigating the effects of growth promoter application on biomass productivity. The project is funded by BioFuelNet Canada and involves growing A. donax from dormant buds in a growth chamber, acclimatizing the plantlets in a greenhouse, and applying various growth promoters including bacteria and seaweed extracts. The growth promoters may improve biomass yields by mechanisms like nitrogen fixation, nutrient availability, and plant-microbe symbiosis. A. donax will be grown in both greenhouse and field experiments, and biomass will be harvested in October for analysis.
This document discusses potato production and abiotic stress genes in potato cultivars. It aims to compare potato cultivars and identify which have abiotic stress resistance genes, as well as meet export quality specifications. The methodology will involve conducting a survey of potato farms to collect data on varieties planted and their characteristics. Samples will then be collected and genomic DNA extracted to perform PCR with primers for abiotic stress resistance genes. Agarose gel electrophoresis will analyze the PCR products. Results will then be compared to survey data to determine which cultivars have stress resistance genes and export quality. Abiotic stress tolerance in potato is complex, involving multiple genes and response mechanisms.
This document summarizes the work of Growing Chefs! Ontario, an organization dedicated to food education projects for children and youth. It unites chefs, growers, and educators to teach kids about healthy, local food. Growing Chefs! provides programming like summer camps and after school programs to give children confidence and knowledge about growing and cooking seasonal cuisine. The document outlines the history and impact of their community-based programming, how they have partnered with over 15 organizations to teach cooking skills to over 900 youth. It also provides tips for designing engaging and useful cooking education programs.
Confronting the Food Security Threats from Climate Change -- Grand JunctionConservationColorado
From our climate panel in Grand Junction on August 4:
Our Forest, Our Water, Our Land: Local Impacts on Climate Change. Sponsored by Conservation Colorado, Mesa County Library, Math & Science Center
This document discusses principles of soil health and water quality that can be promoted through agroforestry practices at the watershed level. It summarizes 5 soil health principles: soil armor, minimizing soil disturbance, plant diversity, continual live plant and root presence, and livestock integration. It also summarizes 3 water quality principles: promoting soil health, reducing erosion, and lessening nutrient runoff. The document then provides examples of agroforestry case studies demonstrating how identifying suitable lands for various crops and practices can utilize these principles. It discusses benefits measurable from this watershed planning approach, such as cost-effectiveness, ease of implementation, distributed buy-in, and emergent economic opportunities.
This document discusses growing ecosystem services and the value they provide. It summarizes that worldwide ecosystem services are worth an average of $33 trillion annually, but many services are declining as land use changes intensify. Specific services like pest control, worth $13.6 billion, and pollination, critical for 75% of crop species, are examined. The status of provisioning, regulating and cultural services is outlined, with many degraded. Soil conservation, carbon sequestration and the role of landscapes in service delivery are also covered. Future trends may include more investment in natural capital and adaptive management. Agricultural practices supporting biodiversity can enhance services and carbon storage.
The influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum tu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Rates of 0 to 320 kg K/ha were tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Recommended rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied to all treatments. While the highest potato tuber yield of 53.33 t/ha was obtained at 280 kg K/ha, there were no statistically significant differences in tuber yield, nutrient concentrations, or soil properties across the K rates tested. However, 280 kg K/ha provided an 11.4% higher yield than the control. Based on these results, applying K fertilizer was not found to be necessary for potato production at this site
11.the influence of potassium fertilizer on the production of potato (solanum...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of potassium (K) fertilizer (0-320 kg/ha) on potato production in southern Ethiopia. Potato yield ranged from 43.97 to 53.33 tons/ha and was highest at 280 kg K/ha, though differences were not statistically significant. Soil available K and exchangeable K increased with fertilizer rates up to 280-320 kg K/ha compared to the unfertilized control. However, potato tuber and leaf nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties generally did not show clear trends with increasing K. The researchers concluded that based on the results, K fertilizer was not required for potato production at the study site, though periodic soil and crop testing should
Stubble retention in cropping in South East Australia: benefits and challenge...Joanna Hicks
Professor Len Wade discusses the benefits and challenges of stubble retention in cropping systems in South-East Australia. He finds that stubble retention can improve soil moisture storage and potentially increase soil organic carbon in the long-term. However, yield benefits of stubble retention compared to stubble burning are mixed and depend on growing season rainfall. In wet years, stubble retention may decrease yields due to issues like disease, slugs, and soil compaction. Strategic tillage or burning may still be necessary to manage these challenges.
Climate change impacts on agriculture and rural development in the Pacific Re...Euforic Services
The document discusses the impacts of climate change on agriculture and rural development in Pacific island countries. It notes that rising sea levels and changes in rainfall patterns from climate change threaten coconut trees, an important food and cash crop. On Maiana Island in Kiribati, decreases in rainfall are reducing food and copra production, potentially exacerbating effects of sea level rise such as land loss. Climate change also poses challenges for rural energy development projects in Kiribati by reducing incomes from copra that communities rely on to purchase and maintain new energy systems. Adaptation will require financial resources, developing resilient cash crops, and gender-sensitive policies.
Nitrogen Cycling: Risks and Opportunities - Keith Goulding (Rothamsted Resea...Farming Futures
This document discusses nitrogen cycling in agriculture and opportunities to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). It notes that improving NUE is important to reduce costs, fossil fuel use, and nitrogen losses to the air and water. The core of the nitrogen cycle is complicated, and there is no quick way to predict nitrogen release from soils. Improving NUE requires no quick fixes and involves assessing risk and eliminating 'leaky' practices that cause nitrogen to leach. The document recommends using tools like the RB209 Fertiliser Manual and Tried & Tested SNS calculator to help estimate crop needs and soil nitrogen supply to guide fertilizer application rates and improve NUE.
Impacts of Organic Farming on the Efficiency of Energy Use in Agriculturex3G9
The document analyzes the efficiency of energy use in organic versus conventional farming. It finds:
1) Conventional farming in the US uses approximately 1,000 liters of fossil energy per hectare, with about one-third used for fertilizers, one-third for mechanization, and one-third for other inputs like pesticides.
2) Organic farming is found to be more energy efficient than conventional farming for corn and soybean production. A study of organic corn production in Pennsylvania found it required 31% less fossil energy input compared to conventional production, yielding 5.8 kilocalories of corn per kilocalorie of fossil energy invested versus 4 kilocalories for conventional corn.
3)
Continuous Policy Formation and the Migratory Bird Treaty ActIsidoro Hazbun
The document discusses the continuous policy formation process around the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). It notes several challenges, including ambiguity around interpretation of incidental take under the MBTA. It also outlines threats to bird populations like climate change, renewable energy development, agriculture, pollution, and hunting. The theoretical framework of multiple streams in policymaking is applied, finding influences like interest groups and spillover effects between policy and political streams can impact continuous policy formation around the MBTA.
Enhancing Farmers' Resilience of Sri Lankan Dry Zones to a Changing ClimateESD UNU-IAS
Enhancing Farmers' Resilience of Sri Lankan Dry Zones to a Changing Climate
Presented by:
Mr. Mohamed Fazal Mohamed Ajwaad – Project Officer, ACCEND / Project, Oxfam Italia, Sri Lanka
Ms. Dolgorsuren Sanjjav – Technical Officer / CBIT Project / UNFAO, Mongolia
Mr. Pratik Singh Thakuri – Program and Research Officer, Centre of Research for Environment, Energy and Water (CREEW), Nepal
Mr. Bart David Quibod – Instructor, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Chairperson, Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response Committee; NSTP Coordinator, College of Pharmacy, University of the Philippines Manila
2019 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
24-30 November, 2019
This document provides an overview of regenerative agriculture and its potential to mitigate climate change by drawing down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It discusses how regenerative practices can sequester large amounts of carbon in soils each year, potentially sequestering enough to stabilize the climate. Case studies from around the world show specific regenerative techniques, such as composting, cover cropping, holistic grazing, and permaculture, successfully increasing soil carbon levels and agricultural productivity even in drought conditions. The document argues that transitioning just 10% of global agriculture to regenerative systems could reverse climate change through carbon sequestration.
This document discusses managing agricultural landscapes for climate change mitigation and adaptation. It outlines the traditional challenges farmers face in supplying food while sustaining resources, and new challenges of supplying ecosystem services and adapting to climate disruption. Effective strategies include restoring degraded lands, increasing soil and biomass carbon, sustainable livestock practices, and protecting natural habitats. Multi-stakeholder collaborative planning and tools to assess landscape performance are needed to implement ecoagriculture landscape strategies. Case studies from around the world demonstrate diverse solutions tailored to local conditions.
Factory Farming Part1 For Zero Waste Recommendedkiore1
Livestock agriculture has significant environmental impacts worldwide and in New Zealand. Intensive livestock farming leads to increased waste, which places environmental pressures on the land and waterways. In New Zealand, livestock farming accounts for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions and is a major contributor to issues like water pollution, soil erosion, habitat loss, and water usage. Regional councils have nutrient management plans and the clean stream accord aims to mitigate the effects of dairy farming on waterways through excluding stock, managing effluent, and fencing wetlands.
How can agriculture help achieve the 2°C climate change target? Delivering food security while reducing emissions in the global food system
November 2, 2015
Event co-sponsored by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and the World Bank
Delivering on a transformed food sector:
Transforming cereal crop production
Martin Kropff, Director General, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Land governance – a key factor for sustainabilityFrancois Stepman
Over 500 million family farmers produce 80% of the world's food while 350-500 million indigenous peoples and 240 million pastoralists and agro-pastoralists rely on access to land and natural resources for their livelihoods. However, large-scale land deals can negatively impact local communities by threatening their livelihoods, human rights, and access to food while reducing incentives to mitigate climate change. A territorial vision of development that recognizes the land rights of local communities strengthens local food systems and builds on local knowledge while helping to address challenges of food security, biodiversity, and land degradation. Looking ahead, access to land is becoming increasingly difficult for the world's youth as population growth outpaces available arable land.
This project aims to evaluate Arundo donax as a sustainable biomass crop for biofuels by investigating the effects of growth promoter application on biomass productivity. The project is funded by BioFuelNet Canada and involves growing A. donax from dormant buds in a growth chamber, acclimatizing the plantlets in a greenhouse, and applying various growth promoters including bacteria and seaweed extracts. The growth promoters may improve biomass yields by mechanisms like nitrogen fixation, nutrient availability, and plant-microbe symbiosis. A. donax will be grown in both greenhouse and field experiments, and biomass will be harvested in October for analysis.
This document discusses potato production and abiotic stress genes in potato cultivars. It aims to compare potato cultivars and identify which have abiotic stress resistance genes, as well as meet export quality specifications. The methodology will involve conducting a survey of potato farms to collect data on varieties planted and their characteristics. Samples will then be collected and genomic DNA extracted to perform PCR with primers for abiotic stress resistance genes. Agarose gel electrophoresis will analyze the PCR products. Results will then be compared to survey data to determine which cultivars have stress resistance genes and export quality. Abiotic stress tolerance in potato is complex, involving multiple genes and response mechanisms.
This document summarizes the work of Growing Chefs! Ontario, an organization dedicated to food education projects for children and youth. It unites chefs, growers, and educators to teach kids about healthy, local food. Growing Chefs! provides programming like summer camps and after school programs to give children confidence and knowledge about growing and cooking seasonal cuisine. The document outlines the history and impact of their community-based programming, how they have partnered with over 15 organizations to teach cooking skills to over 900 youth. It also provides tips for designing engaging and useful cooking education programs.
Canadian Food and Wine Institute Research Centre at Niagara CollegeBringFoodHome
The Canadian Food and Wine Institute Research Centre at Niagara College works with small and medium food and beverage enterprises to provide services including product development, regulatory compliance, food safety management, and access to testing facilities. Through a collaborative process, they help entrepreneurs launch new products and gain technical skills to create jobs in the sector. Students also benefit by interacting directly with industry and gaining work experience, while the program aims to empower entrepreneurs and fuel economic growth.
Cultivating Vibrant & Resilient Communities, One Garden at a TimeBringFoodHome
The document summarizes the history and operations of the Peterborough Community Garden Network (PCGN) and the City of Peterborough Community Garden Policy. The PCGN was established through a collaboration between four partner organizations to establish and support community gardens. The City of Peterborough worked with the PCGN to create a Community Garden Policy in 2010 to define roles and support for community gardens on municipal land, including providing land, materials, and grants. The policy has helped establish new gardens but challenges remain around long-term water access and stable funding sources.
The document discusses three community garden programs - Hillcrest Community Garden, The Global Roots Garden, and Yes In My Back Yard (YIMBY) - and how they differ in their impact on food security and level of facilitation. Hillcrest has little impact on food security and is heavily facilitated, while YIMBY has the most meaningful impact through providing land and resources with less facilitation required from gardeners. The document also covers considerations around ensuring access to community gardens, including physical access, access to food produced, and access to gardening itself.
Transforming the food environment_ Nutrition Resource CentreBringFoodHome
Built environment elements supportive of healthy eating in rural, remote and northern communities by Kim Bergeron, Health Promotion Consultant-Nutrition Resource Centre
This document discusses the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) for soil health and resilience. It summarizes several studies that found soil carbon levels were higher in rotations that included perennial forages. An example 3-year crop rotation of winter wheat over-seeded with red clover, soybeans, and corn is provided. Benefits of red clover for soils are outlined, such as increasing microbial activity, aggregate stability, and soil organic matter. Maintaining SOM through practices like cover crops and maintaining crop residues is important for sustaining soil productivity.
The transformative role of livestock in the developing worldILRI
Presented by Christopher Delgado (World Resources Institute) at the ILRI@40 side event on Livestock-based options for sustainable food systems, Des Moines, USA, 15 October 2014
What Soil Science can offer, for a Society demanding more food with less wate...NetNexusBrasil
What Soil Science can offer, for a Society demanding more food with less water and energy, reduncing environmental impacts, while our climate is changing?_Jan W Hopmans
_Siagro2014_Embrapa Instrumentação
What Soil Science can Offer, for a Society Demanding more Food with less Wate...NetNexusBrasil
What Soil Science can Offer, for a Society Demanding more Food with less Water and Energy, Reducing Environmental Impacts while our Climate is Changing? SIAGRO 2014 Embrapa Instrumentação - Jan Hopmans
1) Regenerative agricultural practices like organic farming, agroecology, and agroforestry can draw CO2 out of the atmosphere and store it in soil, providing a natural solution to climate change.
2) Studies show these practices can sequester enough carbon within a decade to reverse current CO2 levels and limit global temperature rise to within 2 degrees Celsius.
3) Organic systems are more resilient during droughts and other weather extremes, maintaining or increasing yields where conventional agriculture suffers, demonstrating an ability to adapt to climate change impacts.
Food (agriculture) production and distribution is estimated to cause approximately 25% of global warming (UN), which is causing drought in many areas. Agriculture uses 80% of the ground and surface water, increasing the water shortage. AgLantis is creating an urban farm right in the middle of heavy industry and will use hydroponic greenhouse production which yields as much as 40 times the produce using 10% of the water. The farm is on unused public buffer land, uses recycled agricultural grade water and is an innovate, replicable solution that dramatically decreases the carbon and water footprint of food production and distribution. Using recycled water high in nitrogen and phosphorus also eliminates the need for fossil fuel based fertilizers. The UN estimates 40% of agriculture is lost from farm-to-mouth. Growing in urban centers dramatically decreases that loss, much of which is due to long distane transportation.
The document summarizes CoCo San Sustainable Farm, a proposed 33-acre urban farm in Northern California that would utilize sustainable agriculture practices. It would use recycled water, greenhouse production, hydroponics, permaculture methods, and green job training to provide fresh local produce while demonstrating water and energy efficient agriculture. The farm aims to address issues of global warming, water scarcity, and food insecurity through closed-loop systems that reuse resources and act as an education center for sustainable living.
The Importance of Soil in Managing the AnthropoceneExternalEvents
This presentation was presented during Day 1 of the Global Soil Partnership Plenary Assembly – 5th Session that took place at FAO Hq in Rome, Italy, from 20 to 22 June 2017. The presentation was made by Mr. Rattan Lal
The document discusses food resources and issues related to global food supply. It notes that only a small number of plant and animal species provide the vast majority of human food, with three plant species alone accounting for 65% of global food supply. Industrial agriculture relies on fossil fuels, fertilizers and pesticides to mass produce crops, while traditional subsistence and intensive agriculture aim to produce enough food for families. Major challenges to global food security include natural disasters exacerbated by climate change, poverty, rising food prices, uncontrolled population growth, and foreign acquisition of agricultural land in poor countries.
The document discusses the importance of nature-based solutions for addressing climate change and biodiversity loss. It notes that climate change and biodiversity loss are urgent issues, with 1 million species at risk of extinction and climate impacts accelerating. The same human activities like land use change and food production are major drivers of both issues. Nature-based solutions can help mitigate climate change through approaches like reforestation, peatland restoration, and improved agricultural practices. Implementing nature-based solutions requires an interdisciplinary approach combining natural science, data science, economics, social science, geography and engineering. The document advocates for international cooperation on nature-based solutions through initiatives like the Leaders' Pledge for Nature.
Urban Farming on public land using recycled water will provide low cost fresh produce for schools and food bank and local ciizens and hands-on science and engineering education for youth.
The document discusses organic amendment options for improving soil health and maintaining soil organic matter levels. It provides data showing that soil organic matter in Ontario has been declining and highlights the need to increase crop residues and organic amendments. The document then discusses various organic amendment options, their benefits for soil and crop growth, nutrient contents, and costs. These amendments include compost, manure, digestate, and municipal biosolids. Maintaining adequate soil organic matter levels is important for soil and crop health.
This document discusses how agriculture is both a victim and cause of global warming, as well as potential solutions. Rising temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns are negatively impacting crop yields around the world. Agriculture accounts for 9% of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily from livestock methane emissions and nitrogen fertilizer use. However, certain agricultural practices like conservation tillage, forestry, and use of biofuels can sequester carbon from the atmosphere and reduce emissions, positioning agriculture as part of the solution to climate change. Carbon markets and offsets may provide economic incentives for farmers to adopt more sustainable practices.
Public lecture to the Australian Academy of Science in the wonderful Shine Dome in Canberra on 4 November 2009. A big picture look at the policy and science integration challenges across water, energy, carbon, food and health against a background of climate chaos and a looming oil crunch.
CoCo San Sustainable Farm is a non-profit urban farm project on sanitary district buffer land, using recycled water and sustainable farming practices that reduce GHG emissions and increase carbon sequestration in soil. This project focuses on reducing nutritional poverty. It's four goals are: Food Equity; Environment; Education; and Economic Development.
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1. Production Losses Associated
with Food Waste
Ralph C. Martin, Ph.D., P.Ag.
Loblaw Chair, Sustainable Food Production
Tel: 519-824-4120, Ext 52460
Email: rcmartin@uoguelph.ca
3. Plan A for 2050
• 9 - 10 billion people (30 – 40 % increase)
• In developing countries, average incomes rise,
they consume more meat and richer foods
• Thus increase food production by 70 – 100%
3
4. Population,
Consumption and Waste
• We need 80 billion cal /d for
35,000,000 Canadians.
• If eat 1.2 x need, then must provide 96 billion cal/d
• Furthermore, with carelessness of wasting 40%,
must provide 160 billion cal/d
4
6. Rockström et al. 2009. www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32
7. White Elephant of N
• About 48% (and rising) of people depend directly
on the Haber-Bosch process for basic food
• Excess N losses to water (NO3) and air (N2O).
• N fertilizer is one-third of global agricultural energy
budget and related GHG emissions
7
8. Being Prudent with N
- Legumes & cover crops
- Organic Ag
- Human inedible feeds for
livestock
- Effectively recycle MSW, manures and sewage
- Anaerobic digestion to capture both energy and
recycle nutrients, including N
- Reduce food waste
8
9. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) is good,
good, good
• SOM is added with green manures, brown
manures and crop residues
• SOM helps to bind soil particles into good soil
structure
• SOM matter allows
infiltration
• SOM provides resilience
during droughts, floods
and extreme conditions
10. Soil Renewal Rate
• To form a 2.5 cm depth of soil (340 t/ha)
requires 200 to 1000 years, a renewal rate of 0.3
to 2 t/ha/yr
• In U.S.A., soil erosion averages 18 t/ha/yr
(Pimental et al. 1987. Bioscience 37:277-283)
• Ontario soils losing
22 t soil/ha/year:
46% in 1981
41% in 2006
(Eilers et al., 2010).
>
11. Productivity of eroded soil
• Productivity of eroded soils
will decline even if fertilizer is
added (Brady and Weil 2002, Fig 17.8)
or if the eroded soil
is irrigated (Larney
et al. 1995 J. Soil Water
Conserv. 50:87-91)
12. Ag Energy Ratio:
10 cal input per 1 cal in food
Intern. Energy Agency – “Now on track for
temperature increase of 3.5oC …. Fossil fuels still
receive subsidies of $400 bil/yr plus subsidy of
excluding pollution from pricing.”
e
o
m
“The stone age did
not end because we
ran out of stone”
Michael Jacobs
13. 2 Challenges, Both Transformative and Urgent
www.albertaagrologists.ca/files/conferences/2013%20AIA%20Conference/20
13%20Green%20Paper_Final_Booklet_April2_2013.pdf
1) Adaptation to the effects of climate change
www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/contents.html
2) Ecosystem function and resilience of agro-ecosystems
www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32
Photos by F. Camargo
14. Attitude of Gratitude
Take moments to be
thankful, especially for
good food.
Appreciate what we
have, treat with care
and share.