Product life cycle
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This document defines several marketing terms and concepts. It discusses market segmentation, which is dividing customers into groups based on demographic, geographic, psychographic, behavioral, or other characteristics. It also outlines the stages of the product lifecycle from introduction to growth, maturity, and decline. Additionally, it explains the 4 Ps of marketing - product, price, place, and promotion. Finally, it provides brief descriptions of mass market, niche market, unique selling points, and common types of market research including focus groups, interviews, phone surveys, and product testing.
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1. A Informative Slides On HERB + DRUG Interaction VANDANA JANGHEL Assistant Professor (M. Pharma, Pharmacognosy) (Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technology & Sciences, Bilaspur, C.G.) What comes from Nature + What we change in nature + What we don’t want
2. 1. What are Herb-drug interactions? 2. How herbs interact with other co administered drug ? 3. Whether they are diagnoised? 4. Are they neglected? 5. Any reports available ? 6. What is the significance of the study ? 7. Need for the study We will discuss on following points HERB + DRUG Interaction
3. Herb drugs + Allopathic drug = Some Reactions HERB + DRUG Interaction 1. When herbal medicinal products and western drugs administered together may interact each other in body leading to kinetic and dynamic alterations. 2. Herbs are often administered in combination with therapeutic drugs, raising the potential of herb-drug interactions. 3. Herbs or Herbal drugs often taken with the Allopathic drugs with belief that it will have some Beneficial effect. 4. Most of the herbal drugs are taken because of- Availability, Economic consideration and its safety
4. PharmacodynamicPharmacokinetics Herb may causes Additive Synergistic Antagonistic Unidentified Response activity in relation to conventional drug Change the Absorption Distribution Metabolism Protein binding Excretion of the drug thus changing blood level of drug HERB + DRUG Interaction
5. Diagnosis Evidence of Interaction Preclinical Trials Clinical Trials Case studies from pharmacovigilance 1 2 3
6. 1. Drug interaction is the 4th to 6th cause of death in the world. 2. About 70-80 herbs may increase the risk of bleeding. 3. Aristolochic acid from Kidamari (Aristolochia Bracteolata) is toxic. 4. Ephedra (Somlata) caused more than 54 deaths and 1600 cases of adverse reaction. Facts about Herbal Drug Interactions
7. 1. Clinician lack of adequate knowledge about Drug-herb Interaction 2. No quality control and assurance for the purity and safety. 3. No advance research in this field. 4. Blind believe or over believe in Ayurverdic medicine 5. Avoidance of patient history about drug sensitivity 6. Adulteration in herbal drug Reason for Herb-Drug Interaction Less Knowledge No Quality Control No Documentation Mythological Believe Herbal-Drug Interaction
8. PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Parameter Increases Decreases Absorption Ginger Fibers Green tea Mucilage containing herb Black pepper Mucilage containing herb Metabolism Guggul Grape juice Elimination Laxative (Aloe) Liquorices Diuretics herbs
9. ALOE VERA Interferes with drug absorption through Laxative action (Aloe latex) Decrease transit time Decrease Intestinal Fluids GINGKO BILOBA Decrease effectiveness of Alprazolam by decreasing its absorption. Ginkgo decreases absorption of Alprazolam rather than inducing hepatic metabolism of alprazolam. GINGER Enhance the absorption of sulfaguanidine and decreases blood sugar PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Herbal drugs which shows Interaction related to Absorption
1
Market Segmentation
This document discusses market segmentation, targeting, and positioning. It defines key terms like market segmentation, target marketing, and market positioning. It describes different types of market segmentation including demographic, psychographic, and behavioral segmentation. It also discusses evaluating market segments, selecting target markets, and developing positioning strategies. The overall purpose is to outline the process companies use to divide markets, select target customer groups, and define their product's competitive advantages.
Marketing aquaculture
Marketing is the action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising. With the development of aquaclture, marketing strategies are needed.
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Marketing segmentation, Needs , Basics of segmentation
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
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→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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Product life cycle
- 1. Marketing Terms Marketing Terms and Market Research
- 2. Marketing Terms Market Segmentation • Breaking down of customers into various segments i.e. potential and existing customers is called as market segmentation Basis of segmentation • Demographic: Segmenting the market on various population characteristics i.e. family size, socio-economic status, income and gender etc. • Geographic: segmenting by location i.e. country, state
- 3. Marketing Terms Market Segmentation • Psychographic: personality characteristics, social characteristics and life style • Geo-demographic: combination of demographic and geographic characteristics • Behavioral: Usage behavior, consumption or purchasing
- 4. Marketing Terms Product Life Cycle • Different stages from which a product goes from introduction to decline is called as product life cycle Stages of Product life cycle Introduction • One of the most expensive stage of a product as a company has to invest heavily to introduce a product • Cost on R&D, marketing and consumer can be higher at this stage
- 5. Marketing Terms Product Life Cycle Growth Stage • Stage when sales and profits of a particular product are increasing • Investing in promotional will increase the profits • Maturity stage • Product is established at this stage • Company’s aim to maintain the market share • Most competitive time for the product
- 6. Marketing Terms Product Life Cycle Decline Stage • At this stage, product start shrinking • Market is saturated • Consumers are switching to different products Marketing • The process through which services and goods move from idea to consumers
- 7. Marketing Terms 4 Ps of Marketing • Identification, selection and development of a product • Determination of prices • Selecting the particular channel to reach the place of consumer • Selection, development and implementation of promotional strategy Mass Market • The market for goods tha are produced in large quantities Niche market • Market on which a specific product is focused
- 8. Marketing Terms Unique Selling Point • A particular factor that differentiates a specific product from competitors i.e. first ever product, highest quality of lowest cost
- 9. Type of Market Research Sr. no Type Explanation 1 Focus Groups Conducted at focus group facilities, managers can receive feedbacks, mostly five to ten products about a group 2 One on Intervie ws These are conducted from one person at a time 3 Phone surveys To validate the information from focus group or from one person at a time through phone 4 Testing Product is actually tested at this stage
- 10. Marketing Strategy Flow chart
- 11. Bibliography • Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. • Huang, R. and Sarigöllü, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer, New York, NY. • Tomczak, T., Reinecke, S. and Kuss, A., 2018. Introduction. In Strategic Marketing (pp. 1-18). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. • Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions. Marketing Science, 33(4), pp.534-550.