Department of Management- Market Positioning
Why Positioning?
What is Image
Current Image
Mirror Image
Errors in Positioning
Doubtful Positioning
Positioning Strategies
Competitor Positioning
Attribute Positioning
Consumer behaviour is the study of how individual customers, groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose ideas, goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants
No proper marketing tools used
31 SWOT Analysis Opportunities:
Proactive role of govt. in framing proper policies
Allowing entry of more multinational companies
Growth of Domestic Tourism
Threats:
Economic Conditions of the other countries
Political turbulence in Kashmir, Gujarat
Aggressive strategies approached by other countries for tourism
UNIT - II: MARKET SEGMENTATION AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: Market
Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning, Segmenting Markets - Bases and Process, Market
Segmentation and Product Differentiation, Target Market Selection, Positioning —
Importance and Process of Marketing Research. Consumer Behavior; Consumer Markets and
Industrial Markets; Market measurement and forecasting. Marketing information system
(MkIS), Marketing research process.
Department of Management- Market Positioning
Why Positioning?
What is Image
Current Image
Mirror Image
Errors in Positioning
Doubtful Positioning
Positioning Strategies
Competitor Positioning
Attribute Positioning
Consumer behaviour is the study of how individual customers, groups or organizations select, buy, use, and dispose ideas, goods, and services to satisfy their needs and wants
No proper marketing tools used
31 SWOT Analysis Opportunities:
Proactive role of govt. in framing proper policies
Allowing entry of more multinational companies
Growth of Domestic Tourism
Threats:
Economic Conditions of the other countries
Political turbulence in Kashmir, Gujarat
Aggressive strategies approached by other countries for tourism
UNIT - II: MARKET SEGMENTATION AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR: Market
Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning, Segmenting Markets - Bases and Process, Market
Segmentation and Product Differentiation, Target Market Selection, Positioning —
Importance and Process of Marketing Research. Consumer Behavior; Consumer Markets and
Industrial Markets; Market measurement and forecasting. Marketing information system
(MkIS), Marketing research process.
Market segmentation is the practice of dividing your target market into approachable groups. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on demographics, needs, priorities, common interests, and other psychographic or behavioral criteria used to better understand the target audience. Splitting up an audience in this way allows for more precisely targeted marketing and personalized content.
1. A Informative Slides On HERB + DRUG Interaction VANDANA JANGHEL Assistant Professor (M. Pharma, Pharmacognosy) (Siddhi Vinayaka Institute of Technology & Sciences, Bilaspur, C.G.) What comes from Nature + What we change in nature + What we don’t want
2. 1. What are Herb-drug interactions? 2. How herbs interact with other co administered drug ? 3. Whether they are diagnoised? 4. Are they neglected? 5. Any reports available ? 6. What is the significance of the study ? 7. Need for the study We will discuss on following points HERB + DRUG Interaction
3. Herb drugs + Allopathic drug = Some Reactions HERB + DRUG Interaction 1. When herbal medicinal products and western drugs administered together may interact each other in body leading to kinetic and dynamic alterations. 2. Herbs are often administered in combination with therapeutic drugs, raising the potential of herb-drug interactions. 3. Herbs or Herbal drugs often taken with the Allopathic drugs with belief that it will have some Beneficial effect. 4. Most of the herbal drugs are taken because of- Availability, Economic consideration and its safety
4. PharmacodynamicPharmacokinetics Herb may causes Additive Synergistic Antagonistic Unidentified Response activity in relation to conventional drug Change the Absorption Distribution Metabolism Protein binding Excretion of the drug thus changing blood level of drug HERB + DRUG Interaction
5. Diagnosis Evidence of Interaction Preclinical Trials Clinical Trials Case studies from pharmacovigilance 1 2 3
6. 1. Drug interaction is the 4th to 6th cause of death in the world. 2. About 70-80 herbs may increase the risk of bleeding. 3. Aristolochic acid from Kidamari (Aristolochia Bracteolata) is toxic. 4. Ephedra (Somlata) caused more than 54 deaths and 1600 cases of adverse reaction. Facts about Herbal Drug Interactions
7. 1. Clinician lack of adequate knowledge about Drug-herb Interaction 2. No quality control and assurance for the purity and safety. 3. No advance research in this field. 4. Blind believe or over believe in Ayurverdic medicine 5. Avoidance of patient history about drug sensitivity 6. Adulteration in herbal drug Reason for Herb-Drug Interaction Less Knowledge No Quality Control No Documentation Mythological Believe Herbal-Drug Interaction
8. PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Parameter Increases Decreases Absorption Ginger Fibers Green tea Mucilage containing herb Black pepper Mucilage containing herb Metabolism Guggul Grape juice Elimination Laxative (Aloe) Liquorices Diuretics herbs
9. ALOE VERA Interferes with drug absorption through Laxative action (Aloe latex) Decrease transit time Decrease Intestinal Fluids GINGKO BILOBA Decrease effectiveness of Alprazolam by decreasing its absorption. Ginkgo decreases absorption of Alprazolam rather than inducing hepatic metabolism of alprazolam. GINGER Enhance the absorption of sulfaguanidine and decreases blood sugar PHARMACOKINETIC INTERACTION Herbal drugs which shows Interaction related to Absorption
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mergers and acquisitions, meaning, difference, types of M&A, process of M&A, reasons of failure, how to prevent failure, example of Indian airlines and Air India
savings bank account services by karnataka bankAprameya joshi
the document starts with introduction to financial services then goes with comercial banks and then speaks about the profile of karnataka bank and savings bank account services of karnataka bank
2. MARKET SEGMENTATION
Market segmentation is based on fact that
markets are heterogeneous & not homogeneous.
Homogeneous market refer to a market situation
where the prospective buyers of any product are
found to be uniform in their needs, habits,
choices, nature, etc.
Heterogeneous market refer to a market
situation where the prospective buyers of any
product are not found homogeneous in their
needs, habits, choices, nature, etc.
3. Cont’d…
Market segmentation refers to dividing the
heterogeneous markets into smaller customer
groups having certain homogeneous
characteristics. Such as income, age, sex, etc.
They may differ on the basis of income, gender,
age, education, profession, religion, social
class, family life, style, culture etc.
4. DEFINITION
Acc to William J. Stanton
“ Market Segmentation consist of taking the
total heterogeneous market for a product &
dividing it into several sub markets or segments
each of which tends to be homogeneous in all
significant aspects.
Acc to Philip Kotler
Market segmentation is the sub-dividing of a
market into homogeneous subset of consumers ,
where any subset may conceivably be selected
as a market target to be reached with a distinct
marketing mix.
5. OBJECTIVES OF M.S
To make grouping of customers on the basis of
their homogeneous characteristics.
To identify the needs, tastes, buying-motives of
target customers.
To determine marketing strategies, targets &
goals of the firm.
To make the activities of the firm consumer
oriented.
To identify the areas where the customers may be
created and market area can be expanded.
The main aim of market segmentation is to prepare
separate marketing programmes or strategies for each
segment so that maximum satisfaction to consumers
of different segments may be provided.
6. Reasons for the development of
M.S
Customer-Orientation
Technological Advancement
Use of cost reducing techniques
Increase in purchasing power
Increase in competition
8. APPROACHES OF M.S
The marketeers adopt several app. To segment a
market.
App. To market segmentation
Mass
Marketing
Product
Differentiation
Marketing
Target
Marketing
9. MASS MARKETING
In this total market is considered as one segment.
Under mass marketing only one product is
produced & sold in the market for all customers
with help of common marketing programme.
It assumes that there is no significant difference
amongst Consumers in terms of their need &
wants
e.g. coca-cola
10. PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION MARKETING
In this marketing, marketeers uses product
differentiation app.
Once marketeers learnt that consumers would
not accept one quality product, the marketeers
try to provide different size, colours, shapes,
features & qualities in his product as per the
needs & wants of the customer of different
segments.
It provide different product to different segment
E.g. maruti udyog ltd.
11. TARGET MARKETING
It defined as a set of actual potential buyers of a
product, service or idea .
Target marketing help the marketeer to correctly
identify the market- the groups of consumers for
whom the product is designed.
It has 3 steps :-
1. Market segmentation
2. Market targeting
3. Product positioning
12. Segmentation Process
Analyse the characteristics of customers
Disaggregate the customers into suitable segments
Formulate different marketing mix for different segments
Feedback of various segments
Select the higher potential segments
Analyse the needs of Customers
13. BASIS OR CRITERIA OF M.S
The step towards developing a segmentation
strategy is to locate the bases or basis for
segmenting the market.
There are two simple division of product market.
I. Consumer market
II.Industrial market
14. On the basis of consumer market
1. Geographical basis
2. Demographic basis
3. Psychological basis
4. Behavioral basis
5. Marketing basis
15. 1) GEOGRAPHICAL BASIS
It is the most simple, convenient, popular,
and usual base for mkt segmentation.
It includes :
Area
Region
City size
Density
Climate
Urbanization
16. 2) DEMOGRAPHIC BASIS
Under this basis, a market tries to differentiate
between groups of customers on the basis of
demographic variables.
It includes:-
Gender
Age
Income
Education
Religion
Nationality
18. 3) PSYCHOGRAPHIC SEGMENTATION
It describe the human characteristics of
consumers. It segment the market on the basis
that how people act.
These include:-
Personality
Life-style
Social class
Culture
Values
Beliefs
Attitude
19. 4) BEHAVIORAL SEGMENTATION
Consumer behavior may also form the basis of
market segmentation.
It includes:-
Occasions
Benefits
Quality
Service
Economy
Specially
22. 5) MARKETING BASIS
Marketing conditions also form an important
basis for market segmentation.
There are latest variables used by modern
marketeers.
This include:-
Degree of competition
Channels of distribution
Buyer with price consciousness
23. ON THE BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT
1. Type of business activities basis
2. Geographical location basis
3. Usual purchasing procedure basis
4. Size of user
24. IMPORTANCE OF MS
Knowledge of marketing opportunities
Knowledge of customer needs
Adopting effective marketing programme
Proper allocation of resources
Adjustment in products
Increasing sales volume
Better assessment of the competition
Effective advertising appeals
Enhances marketing efficiency
Benefits to consumers