A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create an emergency. Hazard and possibility interact together to create risk. Identification of hazard risks is the first step in performing a risk assessment.

1. Process hazard
analysis (PHA)
EFFORTS BY
SAYANTAN MANDAL 2012-51

2. What is Hazard?
A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or
environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical
risk of harm; however, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create an
emergency. Hazard and possibility interact together to create risk.
Identification of hazard risks is the first step in performing a risk assessment.

3. Failures in Hazard Analysis?
 1984 – Mexico City,
Mexico –Explosion
 300 fatalities
(mostly offsite)
 $20M damages

4. Hazard Analysis
 Determine locations of potential safety problems
 Identify corrective measures to improve safety
 Preplan emergency actions to be taken if safety controls fail

5. What is PHA?
PHA is a thorough, orderly, and systematic approach for identifying,
evaluating, and controlling the hazards of processes involving highly
hazardous chemicals. The facility shall perform a process hazard analysis on
all processes covered by the EPA(Environmental Protection Agency)
RMP(Risk Management Plan) rule or OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health
Administration) PSM(Process safety management ) standard

6. Requirements
 First, the facility must determine and document the priority order for
conducting process hazard analyses
 Based on a rationale that:
 includes such considerations as the extent of the process hazards,
 the number of potentially affected employees,
 the age of the process,
 and the operating history of the process.
 The process hazard analyses should be conducted as soon as possible

7. Methods to determine
 What-if,
 Checklist,
 What-if/checklist,
 Hazard and operability study (HAZOP),
 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA),
 Fault tree analysis, or
 An appropriate equivalent methodology

8. The process hazard
analysis shall address the following:
 The hazards of the process;
 The identification of any previous incident that had a likely potential for catastrophic
consequences;
 Engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards and their interrelationships,
such as appropriate application of detection methodologies to provide early warning of
releases.
 Consequences of failure of engineering and administrative controls;
 Stationary source siting;
 Human factors; and
 A qualitative evaluation of a range of the possible safety and health effects of failure of
controls.

9. At last
Despite the aforementioned issues with HA:
 Companies that rigorously exercise HA are seeing a continuing reduction
is frequency and severity of industrial accidents
 Process Hazard Analysis will continue to play an integral role in the design
and continued examination of industrial processes

10. Thank You