This document provides an overview of probiotics in aquaculture. It defines probiotics and discusses their history and uses. Probiotics are microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed. They can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in aquaculture. The document outlines the characteristics of good probiotics, how they work to promote gut and immune health, and their benefits over antibiotics. It also discusses types of probiotics, methods of application, and recent findings on their use in fish and shrimp farming to improve growth, survival, and disease resistance.
cultured shrimp are getting affected by various disease.some of them are acute and some chronic. and the curing is very harder for a farmer so it is better suggested for safety precaution and proper hygiene while culturing.and the affected shrimp in cured with antibiotics is not accepted by anyone in the export business. so, let yourself find out the various shrimp disease their cure and proper management in this seminar.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
cultured shrimp are getting affected by various disease.some of them are acute and some chronic. and the curing is very harder for a farmer so it is better suggested for safety precaution and proper hygiene while culturing.and the affected shrimp in cured with antibiotics is not accepted by anyone in the export business. so, let yourself find out the various shrimp disease their cure and proper management in this seminar.
Introduction
Fish Health Management GOALS
Principles of fish health management
Factors affecting fish health
Common symptoms of diseases
General preventive measures
Proper Health Management through Manipulating the disease triangle
Conclusion
References
The measures and methods adopted to secure a disease free environment in all phases of aquaculture practices (i.e. hatcheries, nurseries, grow-out farms) for improved profitability.
The demand of seaweeds nowadays have been increasing. In order to supply the needs, background on seaweeds culture is very important. We must know how to culture seaweeds, handle it with care, the methods to be used, and the environmental factors that may affect the growth of seaweeds.
The present PPT discusses following important points:
Aquaculture for affordable animal protein
Hurdles in intensive farming
Vaccinology in Aquaculture industry
DNA vaccines (current status & future prospects)
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
The measures and methods adopted to secure a disease free environment in all phases of aquaculture practices (i.e. hatcheries, nurseries, grow-out farms) for improved profitability.
The demand of seaweeds nowadays have been increasing. In order to supply the needs, background on seaweeds culture is very important. We must know how to culture seaweeds, handle it with care, the methods to be used, and the environmental factors that may affect the growth of seaweeds.
The present PPT discusses following important points:
Aquaculture for affordable animal protein
Hurdles in intensive farming
Vaccinology in Aquaculture industry
DNA vaccines (current status & future prospects)
The transfer of fish seed from the hatchery or place of collection to the rearing pond is called transport of fish seed. The seed fish include fry and fingerlings.
A brief info on the immunostimulants and probiotics in aquaculture. hope it will help whoever visits and go through the seminar.
Please comment if any mistakes found for my rectification as well as for others.
thank you
Probiotics are useful microorganisms to fight against pathogenic bacteria in human gut . Commercially bacteria and fungus are being used as probiotic organisms
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. INTRODUCTION:
• The term “Probiotic” is derived from the Greek words,
“Pro” (favour) and “Bios” (life).
• Probiotics 1st used to describe as a microbial feed/food
supplement was by Parker in 1974, i.e. Probiotics as
“organisms and substances that contribute to intestinal
microbial balance.”
• Probiotics- alternative of antibiotics.
3. HISTORY
Ø At the start of the 20th century, Elie Metchnikoff, was the first
conceptualize “probiotics”.
Ø Probiotic term coined in 1965 by Lilly and Stillwell.
Ø Use of bacteria as a food source & as a biological control of fish disease
was1st proposed by Yasuda &Taga(1980).
Ø The 1st application of probiotics occurred in 1986, to test their ability to
increase growth of hydrobionts.
Ø Goal: make aquaculture products more acceptable to consumers.
4. Characteristics of good probiotics:
n Non toxic
n Non pathogenic & Resistance to gastric juice.
n Capability to adhere to gut epithilium tissue and produce
antibacterial substance
n Anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic
n Able to influence metabolic activity
n Should enhance the digestive enzyme activity, growth rate, feed
conversion rate and assimilation efficiency
5. Types of probiotics based on usage
1.Feed
probiotics/nutritional
probiotics:
§ which can be blended with
feed and administrated
orally to enhance the useful
microbial flora of the gut.
§ which can proliferate in water
medium and exclude the
pathogenic bacteria by
consuming all available
nutrients.
§ Thus, the pathogenic bacteria
are eliminated through
starvation.
6. Probiotics should have the following attributes:
Ø GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) status.
Ø Maintain a healthy gut during stress period.
Ø Remaining stable at higher temperature and for longer duration.
Ø It should not undergo any genetic modification due to change in
the environmental parameters.
ü Its should have multifunction, i.e. improvement of nutritional
status, feed conversion efficiency, growth and encounter a large
number of pathogens.
ü It should be cheap, efficient and easily available.
7. METHODS OF APPLICATION OF
PROBIOTICS:
Probiotics are marketed in two forms:
vCome in packets can be given with
feed or applied to water and have to be
brewed at farm site before application.
vUsually, it is brewed at 27–32°C for 16
to 18 hours with continuous aeration.
vMaximum aeration is required in semi-
intensive culture ponds.
ØLive and ready to act
ØDirectly added to hatchery
tanks or blended with farm
feed.
ØLiquid forms give positive
results in lesser time when
compared to the dry form
8. HOW DO PROBIOTICS WORK?
ØThe probiotics act in aquaculture systems in the following manner:
1. Competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria.
2. Enhancement of digestion through production of exoenzymes.
3. By moderating and promoting direct uptake of dissolved organic
materials.
4. By inhibiting growth of pathogenic bacteria through production of
antibiotics.
qOther possible mechanisms of action of probiotlcs are :
Ø Controlling phytoplankton and blue-green algal bloom.
Ø Preventing off-flavour.
9. Ø Reducing toxic metabolites like nitrate, nitrites and ammonia and
phosphates.
Ø Increasing dissolved oxygen concentration by efficient removal of
detritus and thereby heterotrophs.
Ø Maximising primary productivity.
Ø Maintaining diverse and stable pond community,
Ø Eliminating cost of cleaning ponds after harvest.
Ø Reducing cost of disease treatment and crop management.
(Joiy 1998, Morlarly 1996, Hong etal, 1998).
14. Flow chart for selection of probiotics
Source
Isolation of Strain
In Vitro Assessment
In Vivo Assessment
Probiotic Commercialization
Government Agency Approval
15.
16.
17. BENEFITS OF PROBIOTICS IN AQUAULTURE:
Ø Competition for adhesion sites:
Probiotic organisms compete with the pathogens for the adhesion
sites in the gut epithelial surface and finally prevent their colonization .
Ø Competition for nutrients:
Competition for nutrients can play an important role in the composition
of the microbiota of the intestinal tract.
Ø Production of inhibitory compounds:
Probiotic bacteria release a variety of chemical compounds that are
inhibitory to both gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. These
include bacteriocins, lysozymes, proteases, hydrogen peroxides etc.
18. DISADVANTAGES:
v Still now, no consensus on the most effective dose of a probiotic.
vNo other chemical or drug should be used for treating other diseases
like fungal and protozoan diseases caused by those other than bacteria.
v These probiotics can easily be destroyed by any other chemical or
drug which generally interferes with the establishment of useful microbes.
vIt is found that the BOD level may temporarily be increased on its
application; therefore it is advisable to provide subsurface aeration for
the establishment of probiotics organisms.
19. PROBIOTIC BENEFITS VS ANTIBIOTICS
ØProbiotics create no illegal residue.
ØProbiotics helps to digest pollutants.
ØProbiotics boosts immune system of shrimp.
ØCheaper to use probiotics than antibiotic.
ØAntibiotics lead to slow growth rate of larvae.
ØBacteria cannot develop resistance to probiotics but can to
antibiotics.
20. BENEFITS OF POND PROBIOTICS
Ø Better water quality
Ø Less toxic environment for culture
Ø Higher stocking density
Ø Reduce animal stress
Ø Better growth and survival rate
Ø Reduce water exchange
Ø Lower fertilizer cost in older pond
Ø Provide benificial microbial environment
21. Recent trends of probiotics research in aquaculture
with special reference to shrimp culture:
vA mixture of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from chicken
gastrointestinal tracts has improved the growth and survival rates of
the juvenile P.monodon when fed with these strains for 100 days
vRecently, the growth of pathogenic V. harveyi was controlled by the
probiotic effect of Bacillus subtilis BT23 under in vitro and in vivo
conditions.
vFew multinational pharmceutical companies have introduced
commercial preparations into the market as probiotics feed/food
supplement in various commercial names as Aqualact, Spilac,
Protexin etc.
22. SOME RECENT FINDINGS : FINFISH AND
SHRIMP
Ø Nikoskelainen et al. (2003) showed immune enhancement in
rainbow-trout via Lactobacillus rhamnosus supplemented in feeds.
Ø In shrimp hatcheries in New Caledonia, a strain of
Pseudoalteromonas piscicida was found to inhibit
the growth of Vibrio sp.(Saulnier et al.,2000)
23. CONCLUSION:
Economic benefits of Probiotics are multidimensional.
India has a great potential in the use of probiotics in aquaculture so
the government and the related institutions should give greater
attention for the study and development of Probiotics in relation to its
use in aquaculture.
Should be focus on genetic engineering of probiotics to make them
more efficient.
24. REFERENCE:
Maloy Kumar Sahu , N. S. Swarnakumar , K. Sivakumar , T. Thangaradjou ,
L. KannanProbiotics in aquaculture: importance and future perspectives
Lewin CS (1992) Mechanisms of resistance development in aquatic microorganisms. In:
Chemotherapy in Aquaculture: from Theory to Reality (Michel C and Alderman DJ eds). Office
International des Epizooties, Paris, France, pp 288–301
Moriarty D (1997) The role of microorganisms in aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 151:333–349
Abraham, T. J., Mondal, S., Babu, S. 2008. Effect of Commercial Aquaculture Probiotic and
Fish Gut Antagonistic Bacterial Flora on the Growth and Disease Resistance of Ornamental Fishes
Carassius auratus and Xiphophorus helleri. Journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences., 25(1): 27-
30.
Verschuere, L., Rombaut, G., Sorgeloos, P., Verstraete, W. 2000. Probiotic bacteria as biological
control agents in aquaculture. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews., 64: 655-671.
Gatesoupe, F. 2005. Probiotics and prebiotics for fish culture, at the parting of the ways.
Aquafeeds.,2(3): 3-5.
Robertson, P., Dowd, C., Burrels, C., Williams, P., Austin, B. 2000. Use of carnobacterium sp. as
aprobiotic for Atlantic salmon and Rainbow trout. Aquaculture., 185: 235-243.
