This document discusses probiotics and prebiotics. It defines probiotics as live microorganisms that provide health benefits, and lists common probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Prebiotics are non-digestible carbohydrates that act as food for probiotics. The document outlines how probiotics and prebiotics can benefit health, their uses in aquaculture to reduce pathogens and improve growth, and regulatory organizations. It also provides contact information for the author to discuss potential projects.

1. PROBIOTICS AND
PREBIOTICS
Dr. R. Ravi. MSc., PhD., MA., DCA.,
TECH-INNO R&D
Dharmapuri
Date : 4th June 2021

2. SPECIALIZATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY
• Agricultural Microbiology
• Industrial Microbiology
• Evolutionary Microbiology
• Nano Microbiology
• Cellular Microbiology
• Veterinary Microbiology
• Generation Microbiology
• Water Microbiology
• Pharmaceutical Microbiology
• Environmental Microbiology

3. JOB PROFILES
• Research Assistant
• Food, Industrial or Environmental Microbiologists
• Quality Assurance Technologists
• Sales or Technical Representative
• Clinical and Veterinary Microbiologists
• Medical Technologists
• Biomedical Scientist
• Clinical Research Associate
• Microbiologist
• Pharmacologist
• Food Technologist
• Scientific Laboratory Technician
• Physician Associate
• Research Scientist (life sciences)

4. EMPLOYMENT AREAS
• Pharmaceutical Industries
• Universities
• Laboratories
• Private Hospitals
• Research Organizations
• Environmental Agencies
• Food Industry
• Beverage Industry
• Chemical Industries
• Agriculture Department
• Aquaculture industry

5. JOBS
• Lab technicians
• QC & QA
• Marketing
• Field technician
• Entrepreneur in aquaculture

6. ENTREPRENEURS IN PROBIOTICS

7. COASTLINE MAP OF INDIA

8. Continue …..
• Department of fisheries
• Ministry of fisheries, animal husbandry &
dairying
• Growing - annual average of more than 10%
• About 17% of agriculture exports - fish and fish
products
• The export of marine products -12.9 lakh metric
tons

10. ACHIEVERS
• Dr. Karthik Ramachandran
Vetbiotics Animal Healthcare Pvt Ltd.,
Riddhi Feeds Pvt Ltd.,
• Mr. Manigandan. MSc., M.Phil.,
BP TECH R&D

12. PROBIOTICS
 Live microorganisms
 Confer a health benefit to the host
 Different groups of probiotics
 Trillions of microbes
 No same microbial cells

13. MICROBE AS PROBIOTICS
 Be isolated from a human
 Survive in intestine
 Have a proven benefit to you
Tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions
Ability to adhere to the gastrointestinal
mucosa and
Competitive exclusion of pathogens

14. WHERE DO THEY LIVE
Mostly large intestines
Contact with the “outside world“
»Gut
»Mouth
»Urinary tract
»Skin
»Lungs etc.,

15. HOW DO THEY WORK
• Keeps you healthy
• Supporting your immune function
• Controlling inflammation
–Help your body digest food
–Keep bad bacteria control
–Create vitamins
–Prevent entering your blood
–Breakdown and absorb medications

16. MOST COMMON TYPES
• Lactobacillus.
• Bifidobacterium.
• Saccharomyces boulardii.
– It works for one person may not work for
another

17. LIST OF ALLOWABLE PROBIOTIC
STRAINS
• Bacillus coagulan,
• Bifidobacterium bifidum, B.lactis, B.breve,
B.longum, B.animalis, B.infantis,
• Lactobacillus acidophilus, L.plantarum,
L.reuteri,
L.rhamnosus, L.salivarius, L.casei, L.brevis,
L.johnsonii, L.deibrueckii sub-sp. bulgaricus,
L.fermentum, L. caucasicus, L.helveticus,
L.lactis, L.amylovorus, L.gallinarum,
L.delbrueckii, L.paracasei, L.gasseri,
• Streptococcus thermophilus,
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S.cerevisiae.

18. HELP
• Increasing the amount of probiotics
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Yeast infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Gum disease
• Lactose intolerance
• Upper respiratory infections

19. SOMETHING TO INCREASE
THEM
• Foods, drinks and supplements
• Fermented foods are home to probiotics
• Not a drugs - do not need approval by the
federal drug administration (FDA)

20. HOW SAFE ARE THEY
• A weakened immune system
• Recently had surgery

21. MECHANISMS
• Enhancement of the epithelial barrier
• Increased adhesion to intestinal mucosa
• Inhibition of pathogen adhesion
• Competitive exclusion of pathogenic
microorganisms
• Production of anti-microorganism substances
and modulation of the immune

22. SPECIES IDENTIFICATION
• It can be performed by 16S rRNA gene sequence
analysis
• DNA-DNA hybridization techniques
STRAIN IDENTIFICATION
• Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
• Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA marker

23. PREBIOTICS
• Human diet - source of energy
• Non-digestible carbohydrates
• Ferment
• Fructo - oligosaccharides
• Galacto - oligosaccharides
• Trans-galacto - oligosaccharides

24. PRODUCTS
• Short-chain fatty acids including
– Lactic acid
– Butyric acid
– Propionic acid
• Peptidoglycan

25. EFFECTS
• Propionate - T helper 2 cell and macrophages
dendritic cells in the bone marrows
• SCFAS decrease the pH of colon
• Peptidoglycan - stimulate the innate immune system
against pathogenic microorganisms
• Butyrate influences intestinal epithelial development

26. WHICH ARE PREBIOTICS
• Resistant to acidic pH of stomach
• Cannot be hydrolyzed
• Should not be absorbed
• It can be fermented
• The growth or activity - selectively stimulated

27. PROBIOTICS IN AQUACULTURE
• Help support health
• Performance
• Growth
WHY PROBIOTICS
• To reduce or eliminate antibiotics
• Improve sustainability

28. EFFECTIVE DISEASE MANAGEMENT
1. Host 2. Pathogen 3. Environment
PROBIOTICS - ENVIRONMENT
• Aquatic pathogens - proliferateintheenvironment
• Nitrification & denitrification - Probiotics
• Quality of aquaculture sediments
• Bioremediation bacteria - as soil probiotics in
aquaculture

29. PROBIOTICS REDUCE PATHOGENS
• Bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects
– Antibiotics
– Bacteriocins
– Siderophores
– Lysozymes
– Proteases

30. VIBRIO CONTROL
• Not necessary to kill
QUORUM SENSING
• Increase their virulence
• Survival
• Biofilm
– Quorum quenching probiotics

31. PROBIOTICS FOR GROWTH,
PERFORMANCE & HEALTH
• Competitive exclusion of pathogens
• Immune support
– Improve barrier function
– Modulate gene expression pathways
– Provide broad-spectrum disease resistance

32. DIGESTION AND FEED EFFICIENCY
• Bacillus spp. - Extracellular enzymes
• Improve the digestibility and FCR
–Feed - largest cost fraction
–Improve water quality

33. GUT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
• Lactic acid bacteria improving intestinal
morphology
• Greater villi length
• Numerous villi
• Greater microvilli density
• Increase the surface area
• More nutrients - absorbed

34. MAJOR CATEGORIES IN
AQUACULTURE
• Bacillus spp.,
• Lactic acid bacteria
• Yeast
• Nitrifying/ denitrifying bacteria

35. REGULATORY ORGANIZATION
• Food Safety and Standards Authority of India
(FSSAI) regulate probiotics

36. THANK YOU
• Contact : 9080447591
• Email : ravibiochemtech@gmail.com
You can contact me for M.Sc., projects
B.Tech projects
Engineering projects