The document discusses digestive well-being and probiotics. It begins with an introduction to the topic, noting that one-third to one-half of the population suffers from digestive illnesses related to diet and lifestyle. It then covers the roles of probiotics and normal gut flora in supporting metabolic processes, epithelial cell differentiation, and pathogen protection. Probiotics, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, are live microorganisms that can beneficially affect the host by improving gut microbial balance. Prebiotics are non-digestible foods that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria. Clinical studies have shown probiotics may help maintain optimal mucosal barrier function and balance intestinal flora.

1. NaturalDigestive Well-being

2. 2Presentation OutlineIntroduction to Digestive WellnessProbiotics: What, Where, How ?Probiotic health benefitsProbiotic productsDelivery of probiotics

3. 3IntroductionCurrently, people is facing an epidemic of digestive illness directly related to the foods they eat and the way they live.

4. One-third to one-half of all population have digestive illness.4IntroductionGI system is the primary gateway by which the external environment interacts with the body.

5. It’s allowing or denying entry5Digestive WellnessGershon M. The Second Brain. Harper Collins, 1998.

6. 6Digestive WellnessStipanuk MH. Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition. WB Saunders Co: Philadelphia, 2000.

7. 7Digestive WellnessChronic Gut irritabilityiLeaky gutiFood allergiesiBact. or yeast overgrowthiAccumulated toxin

8. 8The Critical Functions of Normal Flora:Metabolic processes:FermentationVitamin synthesisEnergy productionTrophic stimulation:Epithelial cell differentiationImmunomodulationPathogen protection:Competing for nutrients, space, adherenceProducing bacteriocidins

9. 9Today’s Knowledge:Human Microbiota is essential for health

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12. 12Today’s Diet, Yesterday’s Genes

13. 13Today’s Diet, Yesterday’s GenesMost common today dietary patterns compares with the characteristics of ancestral diets. Alterations in:Glycemic loadFiber contentEssential fatty acid compositionpH balanceMacronutrient/micronutrient composition

14. 14Digestive Well-beingThe alteration in commensal flora present in IBS in both colonic biopsy samples and stool analysis.Swidsinski A, Ladhoff A, Parnthaler A, et al. Mucosal flora in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2002; 122: 44-54.Nobaek S, Johansson ML, Molin G, et al. Alteration of intestinal microflora is associated with reduction in abdominal bloating and pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000; 95: 1231-38.

15. 15Digestive Well-beingSmall bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO)Bacteria from large bowel produce deleterious effects within the small bowel.Normally, the gas production will increase when the food has passed into the large bowel, but SBBO has this increase much earlier.Dysbiosis has been noted to be present in 78% of IBS who positive with SBBO.With antibiotic, 48% improve from IBS. ( Probiotic? )Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastro. 2000; 95: 3503-6.

16. 16Digestive Well-beingSeveral other chronic diseases have a high degree of overlap with IBS, including fibromyalgia, intestinal cystitis, and chronic fatigue syndrome.Aaron LA, Burke MM, Buchwald D. Overlapping conditions among patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and temporomandibular disorder. Arch intern Med. 2000; 160: 221-27.

17. 17Digestive Well-beingStudies in patients with fibromyalgia have shown that 100% and 77% also have SBBO.Pimental M, Mayer AG, Park S, et al. Methane production during lactulose breath test is associated with gastrointestianl disease presentation. Dig Dis Sci. 2003; 48:: 86-92.Pimental M, Chow EJ, Hallegua D, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: A possible association with fibromyalgia. J Musculoskelet Pain. 2001; 9: 107-13.

18. 18Presentation OutlineIntroduction to Digestive WellnessProbiotics: What, Where, How ?Probiotic health benefitsProbiotic productsDelivery of probiotics

19. 19Definition of Probiotics

20. 20Definition of ProbioticsDerived from the Greek = “for life”First used in 1965 to describe a function that is opposite to that of antibiotics.Subsequently “a preparation of or a product containing viable, defined microorganism in sufficient numbers, which alter the micro-flora in a compartment of host and by that exert beneficial health effects on the host”Schrezenemeir J, deVrese M. Prebiotics, and synbiotics-approaching a definition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001; 73:: 3615-645.

21. 21ProbioticsLactobacilli BifidobacteriaStreptococcus thermophilusEnterocoocus faeciumYeast : Saccharomyces boulardii

22. 22How do probiotics confer health benefits?

23. 23DefinitionPrebiotic:“a non-digestible food ingredient which beneficially affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth of and/or activating the metabolism of one (or more) health-promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract”Combinations of prebiotics and probiotics are “Synbiotics”.Gibson GR, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics.J Nutr. 1995; 125:: 1401-12.

24. 24What is Probiotic / Prebiotic ?BACTERIACULTUREFOODSynbiotic:A mixture ofprobioticculture and prebioticPrebiotic:Non-digestible foodingre-dients that are selevtivelystimulating growth and acti-vity of“friendly” bacteria inthe colon, thus improvinghealth of the host Probiotic:Live microbialfood supple-ment that beneficially affectsthe host byimproving its intestinal microbial balanceLive good bacteria in diete.g. LactobacilliBifidobacteriaInulin Oligofructose Galacto-oligofructoseStomachSmallIntestineColonStimulation ofActiveexogenous active endogenousbacteria Friendly bacteriaExcretion

25. 25Presentation OutlineIntroduction to Digestive WellnessProbiotics: What, Where, How ?Probiotic health benefitsProbiotic productsDelivery of probiotics

26. 26Probiotic research for digestive health

27. 27PBPBPBOptimal mucosal barrier functionNormal functional immune systemNormal intestinalmotilityBalanced intestinalFlora, optimal host-microbe interactionInsult Acute pancreatitis