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Microbes For
Mental Health
The Global Epidemic Of
Inflammatory
Disorders,
Including
Mental Illness,
is Holding The
World Captive.
Unifying Theory of Diseases
of Civilization: Short Version
INFLAMMATION
“Leaky
Gut”
Diet,
Toxins &
Other
Stressors
Genetic
Suscepti-
bility &
ELA*
* ELA – Early Life Adversity
So What?
Glad You Asked.
Inflammation
Causes Unique
Imbalances In Your
Hormones,
Neurotransmitters,
Immunity, and
Growth Factors.
For Instance…
The Study of
which is called
Psycho-Neuro-
Immunology
(PNI).
Psycho-Neuro-
Immunology
Defined
“Psychoneuroimmunology is a convergence of
disciplines – namely, the behavioral sciences, the
neurosciences, endocrinology, and immunology –
intended to achieve a more complete understanding
of the way the interactions among these systems
serve homeostatic ends and influence health and
disease.” -Robert Ader
Nervous
System
Immune
System
Endocrine
System
Stressor
Cytokines
Hormones
Anxiety
Depression
Insomnia
Thyroid
Adrenal
Gonadal
Inflammation
Infections
Allergies
Pain
PNI In
Action
Or, If You
Prefer…
SO, WHAT
ABOUT
THE MY GUT
BUGS?
The microbes that first inhabit your gastrointestinal
tract (from birth and shortly thereafter) establish for
the rest of life your so called “Stress Set Point” (SSP)
and ultimately the PNI imbalances that stress will
elicit.
For Those of You Who
Think I Make This
Stuff Up:
(I’m not that smart.)
Early Life And The Gut
Th, T-helper; Treg, regulatory T-cells.
Sudo N et al. J Physiol. 2004;558(Pt 1):263-275.
Negative early life experiences alter initial gut
colonization that predisposes an individual to
stress-induced inflammation later in life by:
• Altering one’s HPA-axis set point;
• Increasing intestinal permeability;
• Decreasing mucosal immune tolerance
by shifting Th0 cell differentiation from
Treg to Th1 or Th2 effector cells
In essence, early life experiences,
through modification of the gut
ecology, magnify stressors, amplify
the stress response, and inhibit
corrective homeostatic mechanisms
resulting in chronic sustained
inflammation.
Not an
actual
gut bug.
Melancholic Microbes:
A Link Between Gut
Microbiota and Depression?
• “There is a growing awareness of the potential for
microbiota to influence gut-brain communication in
health and disease. “
• “Intriguingly alterations in microbiota composition is
being demonstrated across a variety of models of
chronic stress and depression.”
Melancholic microbes: a link between gut microbiota and depression?
Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Sep;25(9):713-9.
• External or internal stressors trigger increased production
of pro-inflammatory cytokines;
• Various trigger factors for depression may compromise
the intestinal barrier (“Leaky Gut”), induce LPS
(lipopolysaccharide – fragments of bacterial/viral cell
walls) translocation. Increased blood LPS not only
causes a systemic inflammation but also a central
neuroinflammation and a long-standing activation of brain
cytokines and microglia.
• Thus, LPS translocation may induce sickness behavior
and vegetative symptoms of major depression.
Maes M. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Jun;29(3):287-91.
Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Leaky
Gut, and Depression
Major depressive disorder: probiotics may be an adjuvant therapy. Logan AC, Katzman M. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):533-8.
Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 15;74(10):720-6.
• Probiotics have the potential to lower systemic inflammatory cytokines,
decrease oxidative stress, and improve nutritional status.
• The effect of probiotics on systemic inflammatory cytokines and oxidative
stress may ultimately lead to increased brain derived neurotrophic factor
(BDNF).
• Such probiotics produce and deliver neurotransmitters such as gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin, which act on the brain-gut axis.
• Studies in rodents suggests that certain probiotics alleviate symptoms of
depression and anxiety. Evidence also suggests these probiotics can
lessen the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome.
• “It is our contention that probiotics may be an
adjuvant to standard care in MDD [Major
Depressive Disorder].”
Probiotics: A Data
Supported Treatment
Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live
Organisms:
Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg
Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52
(reclassified L. helveticus)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11
Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175
60 capsules per bottle
One Capsule Contains:
IP Proudly Announces Our
Newest Probiotic Blend
Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live
Organisms:
Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg
Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52
(reclassified L. helveticus)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11
Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175
60 capsules per bottle
One Capsule Contains:
With Carefully Selected
Probiotic Strains:
Lactobacillus helveticus &
Bifidobacterium longum
How We Select
Strains: The Research Literature
• A probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus and
Bifidobacterium longum) improved anxiety and reduced
brain cell death in the emotional centers in animal models
of depression.
• Researchers observed that pretreatment with probiotics
attenuated the HPA axis and autonomic nervous system
(ANS) response to stress and restored TJ integrity (“leaky
gut”).
• Investigators concluded that this probiotic combination, by
modulation of gut microbiota, has beneficial effects on brain
activity during stress.
Probiotic gut effect prevents the chronic psychological stress-induced brain activity abnormality in mice.
Ait-Belgnaoui A, Colom A, Braniste V, Ramalho L, Marrot A, Cartier C, Houdeau E, Theodorou V,
Tompkins T. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Dec 30.
Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live
Organisms:
Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg
Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52
(reclassified L. helveticus)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11
Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175
60 capsules per bottle
One Capsule Contains:
And Lactobacillus rhamnosus,
which in a recent study was
shown to:
• Help women lose weight;
• By possibly altering intestinal
permeability, and thereby
• Keeping proinflammatory molecules from
entering the bloodstream
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus
CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss
and maintenance in obese men and women.
Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady-
Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E, Ngom-Bru C,
Berger B, Philippe L, Ammon-Zuffrey C, Leone
P, Chevrier G, St-Amand E, Marette A, Doré J,
Tremblay A.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Dec 3:1-13.
Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live
Organisms:
Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg
Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52
(reclassified L. helveticus)
Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11
Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175
60 capsules per bottle
One Capsule Contains:
Lastly, Saccharomyces boulardii
for good measure
We Put Saccharomyces boulardii
in Tri-Flora because it:
Decreases pro-inflammatory
cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β,
TNFα, IFNγ).
Increases anti-inflammatory
cytokine IL-10.
Interferes with NF-κB
mediated signaling in
immune and colonic epithelial
cells.
Blocks activation of ERK1/2
and MAP kinases
Stimulates production of
PPAR-γ.
Enhances mucosal immune
response and sIgA levels.
Stimulates Treg cells.
Inhibits DC-induced
activation of T effector cells.
Enhances systemic immune
response and levels of serum
IgG to C. difficile toxins A&B.
Inhibits immune response to
LPS.
Improves barrier function.
Kelesidis T, Pothoulakis C. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar;5(2):111-25
Thomas S, Przesdzing I, Metzke D, Schmitz J, Radbruch A, Baumgart DC. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009
Apr;156(1):78-87
“In this case, taking a
probiotic supplement is
definitely advised. While I
do not generally advocate
taking a lot of supplements,
a high quality probiotic is an
exception.”
Dr. Mercola Has Been Preaching the
Good Word on Gut Bugs For Years
Keep Your Gut Bugs Happy:
Try Tri-Flora
• Integrative Psychiatry, Inc.
• info@integrativepsychiatry
• Integrativepsychiatry.net
• (800) 385-7863

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Microbes for Mental Health

  • 2. The Global Epidemic Of Inflammatory Disorders, Including Mental Illness, is Holding The World Captive.
  • 3. Unifying Theory of Diseases of Civilization: Short Version INFLAMMATION “Leaky Gut” Diet, Toxins & Other Stressors Genetic Suscepti- bility & ELA* * ELA – Early Life Adversity
  • 4. So What? Glad You Asked. Inflammation Causes Unique Imbalances In Your Hormones, Neurotransmitters, Immunity, and Growth Factors.
  • 6. The Study of which is called Psycho-Neuro- Immunology (PNI).
  • 7. Psycho-Neuro- Immunology Defined “Psychoneuroimmunology is a convergence of disciplines – namely, the behavioral sciences, the neurosciences, endocrinology, and immunology – intended to achieve a more complete understanding of the way the interactions among these systems serve homeostatic ends and influence health and disease.” -Robert Ader
  • 11. The microbes that first inhabit your gastrointestinal tract (from birth and shortly thereafter) establish for the rest of life your so called “Stress Set Point” (SSP) and ultimately the PNI imbalances that stress will elicit.
  • 12. For Those of You Who Think I Make This Stuff Up: (I’m not that smart.)
  • 13. Early Life And The Gut Th, T-helper; Treg, regulatory T-cells. Sudo N et al. J Physiol. 2004;558(Pt 1):263-275. Negative early life experiences alter initial gut colonization that predisposes an individual to stress-induced inflammation later in life by: • Altering one’s HPA-axis set point; • Increasing intestinal permeability; • Decreasing mucosal immune tolerance by shifting Th0 cell differentiation from Treg to Th1 or Th2 effector cells In essence, early life experiences, through modification of the gut ecology, magnify stressors, amplify the stress response, and inhibit corrective homeostatic mechanisms resulting in chronic sustained inflammation. Not an actual gut bug.
  • 14. Melancholic Microbes: A Link Between Gut Microbiota and Depression? • “There is a growing awareness of the potential for microbiota to influence gut-brain communication in health and disease. “ • “Intriguingly alterations in microbiota composition is being demonstrated across a variety of models of chronic stress and depression.” Melancholic microbes: a link between gut microbiota and depression? Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Sep;25(9):713-9.
  • 15. • External or internal stressors trigger increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; • Various trigger factors for depression may compromise the intestinal barrier (“Leaky Gut”), induce LPS (lipopolysaccharide – fragments of bacterial/viral cell walls) translocation. Increased blood LPS not only causes a systemic inflammation but also a central neuroinflammation and a long-standing activation of brain cytokines and microglia. • Thus, LPS translocation may induce sickness behavior and vegetative symptoms of major depression. Maes M. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008 Jun;29(3):287-91. Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Leaky Gut, and Depression
  • 16. Major depressive disorder: probiotics may be an adjuvant therapy. Logan AC, Katzman M. Med Hypotheses. 2005;64(3):533-8. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Biol Psychiatry. 2013 Nov 15;74(10):720-6. • Probiotics have the potential to lower systemic inflammatory cytokines, decrease oxidative stress, and improve nutritional status. • The effect of probiotics on systemic inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress may ultimately lead to increased brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). • Such probiotics produce and deliver neurotransmitters such as gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin, which act on the brain-gut axis. • Studies in rodents suggests that certain probiotics alleviate symptoms of depression and anxiety. Evidence also suggests these probiotics can lessen the symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. • “It is our contention that probiotics may be an adjuvant to standard care in MDD [Major Depressive Disorder].” Probiotics: A Data Supported Treatment
  • 17. Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live Organisms: Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52 (reclassified L. helveticus) Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 60 capsules per bottle One Capsule Contains: IP Proudly Announces Our Newest Probiotic Blend
  • 18. Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live Organisms: Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52 (reclassified L. helveticus) Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 60 capsules per bottle One Capsule Contains: With Carefully Selected Probiotic Strains: Lactobacillus helveticus & Bifidobacterium longum
  • 19. How We Select Strains: The Research Literature • A probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum) improved anxiety and reduced brain cell death in the emotional centers in animal models of depression. • Researchers observed that pretreatment with probiotics attenuated the HPA axis and autonomic nervous system (ANS) response to stress and restored TJ integrity (“leaky gut”). • Investigators concluded that this probiotic combination, by modulation of gut microbiota, has beneficial effects on brain activity during stress. Probiotic gut effect prevents the chronic psychological stress-induced brain activity abnormality in mice. Ait-Belgnaoui A, Colom A, Braniste V, Ramalho L, Marrot A, Cartier C, Houdeau E, Theodorou V, Tompkins T. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Dec 30.
  • 20. Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live Organisms: Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52 (reclassified L. helveticus) Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 60 capsules per bottle One Capsule Contains: And Lactobacillus rhamnosus, which in a recent study was shown to: • Help women lose weight; • By possibly altering intestinal permeability, and thereby • Keeping proinflammatory molecules from entering the bloodstream Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC1.3724 supplementation on weight loss and maintenance in obese men and women. Sanchez M, Darimont C, Drapeau V, Emady- Azar S, Lepage M, Rezzonico E, Ngom-Bru C, Berger B, Philippe L, Ammon-Zuffrey C, Leone P, Chevrier G, St-Amand E, Marette A, Doré J, Tremblay A. Br J Nutr. 2013 Dec 3:1-13.
  • 21. Probiotic Blend Containing 5 Billion Live Organisms: Saccharomyces boulardii ......... 125 mg Lactobacillus acidophilus Rosell-52 (reclassified L. helveticus) Lactobacillus rhamnosus Rosell-11 Bifidobacterium longum Rosell-175 60 capsules per bottle One Capsule Contains: Lastly, Saccharomyces boulardii for good measure
  • 22. We Put Saccharomyces boulardii in Tri-Flora because it: Decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ). Increases anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Interferes with NF-κB mediated signaling in immune and colonic epithelial cells. Blocks activation of ERK1/2 and MAP kinases Stimulates production of PPAR-γ. Enhances mucosal immune response and sIgA levels. Stimulates Treg cells. Inhibits DC-induced activation of T effector cells. Enhances systemic immune response and levels of serum IgG to C. difficile toxins A&B. Inhibits immune response to LPS. Improves barrier function. Kelesidis T, Pothoulakis C. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012 Mar;5(2):111-25 Thomas S, Przesdzing I, Metzke D, Schmitz J, Radbruch A, Baumgart DC. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009 Apr;156(1):78-87
  • 23. “In this case, taking a probiotic supplement is definitely advised. While I do not generally advocate taking a lot of supplements, a high quality probiotic is an exception.” Dr. Mercola Has Been Preaching the Good Word on Gut Bugs For Years
  • 24. Keep Your Gut Bugs Happy: Try Tri-Flora • Integrative Psychiatry, Inc. • info@integrativepsychiatry • Integrativepsychiatry.net • (800) 385-7863