This document discusses the basic techniques for extracting different types of teeth using forceps. It describes how to properly apply forceps to each tooth, focusing the beaks on the difficult surface and as apically as possible. The appropriate movements are outlined for different tooth types, generally starting with firm grip and apical force followed by buccal and lingual movements to expand the socket. Specific techniques are provided for extracting each type of maxillary tooth, noting root morphology, bone thickness, nearby anatomical structures, and recommended extraction movements.

1. Basic Movements
& Mechanical
Physics of forceps
Dr. Firas Kassab

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Intra-alveolar tooth extraction
1. expansion of bony socket by use of wedge
shaped beaks of forceps and movements of tooth
itself with forceps
2. Removal of tooth from socket

4. Wedge can be used to expand, split and displace portions of substance that receives it
4Dr. Firas Kassab

5. 1. Loosening gingival attachment from tooth
(woodson elevator/ MOLT’S Periosteal
elevator)
2. Luxation of tooth with ( straight elevator)
3. Adaptation of forceps to the tooth
4. Post-extraction care of tooth socket
5. Post-extraction instructions
5Dr. Firas Kassab

6. • Apply beak to the difficult surface(usually lingual) first
• The beaks are with the long axis of the tooth
• The beaks are applied as apical as possible to the root
below the CEJ, not to the crown(wedging effect & to move
center of rotation as apical as possible).
6Dr. Firas Kassab

7. Result in
1. Apical pressure
• Bony expansion
• Apical displacement for the center of rotation
2. Buccal force
3. Lingual/palatal force
4. Rotation
5. Traction force
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10. • Generally, start with firm grip, apical force then buccal
then lingual slowly ,
with increasing range of motion every cycle as socket
expands.
• All upper teeth : Buccopalatal movements with rotational
force for central incisor
• All lower teeth : buccolingual movements with more
lingual for posterior teeth from 2nd premolar. with
rotational force for 2nd premolar
• Upper central incisors and lower second premolars:
Rotational movements 1/5
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12. Specific techniques for removal
of each tooth
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14. • Root: single ,straight , conical
• Labial alveolar bone is thinner than palatal alveolar
bone
• Relation: nasal floor
• rotational movements
14Dr. Firas Kassab

15. • Root: single ,slightly longer , and more slender
• More likely to have distal curvature on apical one
third
• Labial bone is thicker than in central incisor
• Relation: nasal floor
• Labio-palatal movement
• Avoid rotational movement
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17. • Root: single ,longest ,strongest-----difficult extraction.
• Thin labial alveolar bone ( because of canine
eminence
• Relation: neutral between nasal cavity and maxillary
sinus
• Labio-palatal movement.
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19. • Root:
- a single- rooted tooth in its first two thirds, with a
bifurcation usually occurring in the apical one third to one
half.
- >50% have two roots
- Extremely thin and are subject to fracture
(king of fracture)
• Thin buccal plate
• Relation :maxillary sinus
• Bucco-palatal movement, Avoid rotational
palatal movements are made with relatively small
amounts of force to prevent fracture of the palatal root tip
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21. • Root: mostly single
• Thin buccal plate
• Relation: maxillary sinus
• Bucco-palatal movement.
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23. • Roots: two buccal ,one palatal , straight , divergent (more
in the first molar) .
• Thin buccal plate
• Relation : maxillary sinus esp. palatal root of first molar.
• Bucco-palatal movement.
• The second molar is similar to first except that roots are
shorter and less divergent, with the buccal roots more
commonly fused --------- (easier extraction than first)
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24. • frequently conical fused roots BUT can show wide
anatomical variation
• Bayonet forceps
• relation : maxillary sinus & maxillary tuberosity
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