Access - Part I
•
2 likes•186 views
Endodontic Access cavity preparation principles in Anterior and premolar maxillary and mandibular teeth
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation
This document discusses endodontic access cavity preparation. It begins by defining access cavity preparation as efficiently uncovering the roof of the pulp chamber and providing direct access to the apical foramina through the pulp canals. It then outlines the objectives of access cavity preparation according to R.E. Walton as providing straight line access, conserving tooth structure, and unroofing the pulp chamber to expose the pulp horns. The document also discusses principles of endodontic cavity preparation, canal configurations, potential errors in cavity preparation, and aids to locate canals. It emphasizes that an efficient access cavity preparation is the foundation for successful endodontic treatment.
Mouth preparation for removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic...
Mouth preparation for removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Access cavity preparation
The document discusses guidelines for preparing access cavities for root canal treatment. It outlines principles such as removing all caries and defective restorations, conserving tooth structure, and providing straight-line access to canal orifices. Specific guidelines covered include visualizing internal anatomy, evaluating anatomical landmarks, preparing cavities through lingual/occlusal surfaces, and locating all root canals before placing a dental dam. The goal is to efficiently locate and treat all canals following principles of access cavity design.
Procedural Errors in Biomecanical Preparation
This document discusses common procedural errors that can occur during root canal treatment and provides recommendations for prevention and management. The main points are:
1) Common procedural errors include canal blockage, ledge formation, deviation from normal anatomy, instrument separation, and obstruction from previous obturating materials.
2) Prevention techniques include using smaller instruments first, maintaining patency, and recapitulating. Ledges can be prevented through proper access, assessment of curvature, and avoiding forcing instruments.
3) Separated instruments may require retrieval kits or ultrasonics to remove, while previous fillings need removal through instrumentation, heat, solvents, or ultrasonics to allow retreatment.
Acces opening of anterior and premolar teeth(shadan)
This document discusses access cavity preparation for endodontic treatment. It outlines the objectives and principles of access cavity preparation, including removing caries, conserving tooth structure, and locating all root canal orifices. It also describes the typical canal morphology and challenges in treating anterior teeth, premolars, and other challenging cases. The key steps and important considerations for access cavity preparation are explained for different tooth types.
15. introduction to removable partial dentures
This document provides an introduction to removable partial dentures (RPDs), including their components and classifications. It discusses the key terminology used in RPDs and describes the different types of RPDs. Kennedy's classification system divides partially edentulous arches into four main classes based on the location of edentulous spaces. It also outlines Applegate's rules for applying the Kennedy classification. The main components of an RPD are reviewed as the major connector, minor connectors, rests, retainers, denture bases and teeth. Tooth-supported and tooth-tissue supported RPDs are compared.
Nonvital pulp therapy in pediatric dentistry
The document discusses techniques for pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth. It describes removing necrotic pulp tissue from the root canals and coronal portion of teeth to maintain the tooth. Key steps include isolating the tooth, removing caries, accessing and cleaning canals, drying canals, and filling canals with zinc oxide eugenol. The goals are to resolve infection, show healing on x-rays, and allow normal resorption and eruption of permanent teeth.
C shaped canal
The document discusses the C-shaped canal, which occurs in approximately 1% of lower second molars. The C-shaped canal takes its name from its C-shaped appearance when viewed from above. Melton divided C-shaped canals into three types based on their shape and number of canals. The document then describes the cleaning and shaping process for a C-shaped canal, including using small files to determine the canal shape and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Master cones and additional gutta-percha cones are placed using guides to ensure proper placement within the C-shaped canal. Warm lateral condensation is then used to further adapt the filling to the canal anatomy.
Recommended
Endodontic Access Cavity Preparation
This document discusses endodontic access cavity preparation. It begins by defining access cavity preparation as efficiently uncovering the roof of the pulp chamber and providing direct access to the apical foramina through the pulp canals. It then outlines the objectives of access cavity preparation according to R.E. Walton as providing straight line access, conserving tooth structure, and unroofing the pulp chamber to expose the pulp horns. The document also discusses principles of endodontic cavity preparation, canal configurations, potential errors in cavity preparation, and aids to locate canals. It emphasizes that an efficient access cavity preparation is the foundation for successful endodontic treatment.
Mouth preparation for removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic...
Mouth preparation for removable partial dentures /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Access cavity preparation
The document discusses guidelines for preparing access cavities for root canal treatment. It outlines principles such as removing all caries and defective restorations, conserving tooth structure, and providing straight-line access to canal orifices. Specific guidelines covered include visualizing internal anatomy, evaluating anatomical landmarks, preparing cavities through lingual/occlusal surfaces, and locating all root canals before placing a dental dam. The goal is to efficiently locate and treat all canals following principles of access cavity design.
Procedural Errors in Biomecanical Preparation
This document discusses common procedural errors that can occur during root canal treatment and provides recommendations for prevention and management. The main points are:
1) Common procedural errors include canal blockage, ledge formation, deviation from normal anatomy, instrument separation, and obstruction from previous obturating materials.
2) Prevention techniques include using smaller instruments first, maintaining patency, and recapitulating. Ledges can be prevented through proper access, assessment of curvature, and avoiding forcing instruments.
3) Separated instruments may require retrieval kits or ultrasonics to remove, while previous fillings need removal through instrumentation, heat, solvents, or ultrasonics to allow retreatment.
Acces opening of anterior and premolar teeth(shadan)
This document discusses access cavity preparation for endodontic treatment. It outlines the objectives and principles of access cavity preparation, including removing caries, conserving tooth structure, and locating all root canal orifices. It also describes the typical canal morphology and challenges in treating anterior teeth, premolars, and other challenging cases. The key steps and important considerations for access cavity preparation are explained for different tooth types.
15. introduction to removable partial dentures
This document provides an introduction to removable partial dentures (RPDs), including their components and classifications. It discusses the key terminology used in RPDs and describes the different types of RPDs. Kennedy's classification system divides partially edentulous arches into four main classes based on the location of edentulous spaces. It also outlines Applegate's rules for applying the Kennedy classification. The main components of an RPD are reviewed as the major connector, minor connectors, rests, retainers, denture bases and teeth. Tooth-supported and tooth-tissue supported RPDs are compared.
Nonvital pulp therapy in pediatric dentistry
The document discusses techniques for pulpectomy procedures in primary teeth. It describes removing necrotic pulp tissue from the root canals and coronal portion of teeth to maintain the tooth. Key steps include isolating the tooth, removing caries, accessing and cleaning canals, drying canals, and filling canals with zinc oxide eugenol. The goals are to resolve infection, show healing on x-rays, and allow normal resorption and eruption of permanent teeth.
C shaped canal
The document discusses the C-shaped canal, which occurs in approximately 1% of lower second molars. The C-shaped canal takes its name from its C-shaped appearance when viewed from above. Melton divided C-shaped canals into three types based on their shape and number of canals. The document then describes the cleaning and shaping process for a C-shaped canal, including using small files to determine the canal shape and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Master cones and additional gutta-percha cones are placed using guides to ensure proper placement within the C-shaped canal. Warm lateral condensation is then used to further adapt the filling to the canal anatomy.
procedural errors in endodontics ppt.ppt
Procedural complications in endodontics can occur during various stages including diagnosis, instrumentation, obturation, and post-treatment. Common issues involve missed canals, ledges, perforations, over-instrumentation, underfilling, and overfilling. Successful treatment depends on accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, thorough cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, and proper filling of the entire root canal space. Preventing complications requires following principles such as using pre-curved instruments, limiting pressure, and taking radiographs to confirm working length and detect any procedural errors.
Access Cavity Prepration
The document discusses guidelines for access cavity preparation during root canal treatment. It describes the objectives of access cavity preparation as removing caries, conserving sound tooth structure, unroofing the pulp chamber, removing pulp tissue, locating canal orifices, and achieving straight-line access to the foramen. The guiding principles are to shape the cavity for unimpeded instrument access, make it large enough for debridement but not excessively large, and avoid disturbing the pulp chamber floor in posterior teeth. Key factors influencing access preparation include the size and shape of the pulp chamber and the number and curvature of root canals. The document also reviews the typical root canal morphologies of different tooth types.
Root Canal Morphology & Access Preparation
This document discusses root canal morphology and access cavity preparation. It begins with an introduction discussing the objectives of root canal treatment and the importance of understanding root canal anatomy. It then covers topics like root canal classification systems, anatomy of the apical root, accessory canals, canal isthmuses, root canal curvatures, and guidelines for cavity preparation. The document provides detailed information on root canal anatomy and considerations for access cavity preparation.
1. fixed partial denture finals1
This document discusses the classification and components of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes the different types of FPDs including simple rigid bridges, semi-fixed bridges, and cantilever bridges. The components of an FPD include abutment teeth, retainers, pontics, and connectors. It also lists 19 factors that influence the selection of FPD components and design, such as crown length, root form, occlusion, periodontal health, and esthetics.
strip perforation
This document discusses root perforations, including their causes, classification, diagnosis, and treatment using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). It begins by defining a root perforation and listing potential causes. It then discusses factors that affect prognosis and classifications of perforations. Detection methods like radiographs and apex locators are presented. The document outlines a case study of successful repair of a strip perforation using MTA and concludes that MTA is a suitable material for perforation repair.
02 classification and indications of rpd
This document discusses removable partial dentures. It begins by outlining the indications for removable partial dentures, including when the abutment teeth are not suitable for fixed bridges due to periodontal issues, extensive bone loss, or economic considerations. It then covers classifications for partially edentulous arches, including whether the denture is tooth-borne, tissue-borne, or a combination. Kennedy's classification system categorizes cases based on the location of edentulous spans. The document concludes with the component parts of removable partial dentures.
Endodontic surgery
Dr. Bhavik Miyani,
Resident Doctor in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital,
Visnagar.
Mouth preparation for removable partial denture/ dental education in india
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Endodontic Access Cavity.pptx
The document discusses guidelines for preparing an access cavity for endodontic treatment. It describes the importance of the access cavity in allowing visualization and access to all root canals. Key steps in access preparation include complete removal of the pulp chamber roof, removal of dentinal shoulders, and preparation of cavity walls to allow straight-line access to the canals without obstruction. Examples of access cavity designs are provided for different types of teeth, focusing on locating canal orifices and achieving optimal access. The document emphasizes that a properly designed access cavity is essential for successful root canal treatment.
24. major connectors
Major connectors are the parts of a partial denture that join components on one side of the dental arch to the other. They distribute forces throughout the arch to reduce load on individual teeth and tissues. Mandibular major connectors include lingual bars, linguoplates, and sublingual bars. Maxillary connectors include palatal straps and plates. Properly designed rigid major connectors effectively distribute forces while controlling prosthesis movement.
B- Retention of Removable Partial Dentures
This document discusses various types of clasps and attachments used for retention of removable partial dentures. It describes 12 main types of clasps:
1. Aker's clasp, which engages an undercut from the occlusal direction and is the most commonly used design.
2. Reversed Aker clasp, used in distal extension cases to reduce torque on abutment teeth.
3. Double Aker clasp, which provides bilateral stabilization and splints two teeth together.
4. Circumferential 'C' clasp and other clasps are also discussed, along with their indications, advantages, and disadvantages. The document provides detailed diagrams and explanations of various clasp designs
Access cavity preparation
The document discusses access cavity preparation for endodontic treatment. It provides guidelines for preparing access cavities, including removing caries and restorations, locating all canal orifices, and achieving straight line access to the canals. Specific steps are outlined for preparing access cavities in anterior and posterior teeth, including maxillary and mandibular molars as well as maxillary central incisors. The goal of access cavity preparation is to allow for thorough cleaning, shaping, and filling of the root canal system.
Case presentation
This document presents the case of a patient seeking full mouth rehabilitation due to severe deterioration of his oral health from poor hygiene. The patient had previously refused treatment plans involving fixed partial dentures and crowns. Examination found missing teeth #46 and #45 and dental attrition. The treatment plan will take into account factors like tooth eruption after attrition, compensating for lost vertical dimension, and ensuring ferrule effect for shortened clinical crowns. Temporary restorations may be used to achieve satisfactory esthetics and function for the permanent restoration. A multidisciplinary approach involving different dental specialties will be needed for complicated cases.
Access opening of molar teeth
Access opening of molar teethDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University
This document discusses principles and guidelines for access cavity preparation in endodontic treatment. It outlines the basic principles established by G.V. Black, including outline form to establish complete access, convenience form to make procedures more convenient, and removal of remaining caries and defective restorations. Guidelines include centrality and concentricity of the pulp chamber floor, using the cementoenamel junction as a landmark, and symmetry of canal orifices. Specific access preparations are described for maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars. Considerations are provided for anatomical variations, extensive restorations, tilted/angled crowns, calcified canals, and teeth with minimal crowns.Access cavity preparation in permanet teeth
the main objective is to understand and learn and to be able to identify the entrance into the root canal for the better endodontic treatment
RPI system
This document discusses the components and design of an I-bar removable partial denture (RPD). It begins by defining RPI, which stands for rest, plate, and I-bar clasp. It then describes the key components of an I-bar RPD including mesial rests, proximal plates, and a modified I-bar retainer called the RPI system developed by Krol. The RPI system aims to reduce tooth coverage and stress compared to a standard I-bar by modifying the rest, plate, and I-bar clasp design.
Access cavity prepration
1. Access cavity preparation is the first and most important step in root canal treatment as it provides straight-line access to the root canals.
2. Anatomical landmarks like the cementoenamel junction and root development lines can help locate canal orifices.
3. The goals of access cavity preparation are to remove all caries, locate all root canals, and achieve a conservative cavity that provides direct access to the canals and apical foramen.
4. The shape and size of the access cavity varies between teeth based on their anatomy and number of canals. Proper identification of canal orifices is crucial for successful root canal treatment.
Coronal Cavity Preparation ‘Access’
This document discusses guidelines for preparing access cavities for root canal treatment. It emphasizes the importance of straight-line access to allow visualization and instrumentation of all root canals. Key principles include removing caries and defective restorations before starting treatment, and eliminating dentin overhangs to provide optimal access. Common canal morphologies are reviewed for different tooth types. Tips are provided to locate additional canals like second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars. Proper access cavity preparation is highlighted as essential for thorough root canal treatment.
Overdenture
The document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on one or more remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Key points include:
- Retaining natural teeth can preserve alveolar bone and periodontal receptors important for function.
- Abutment teeth are prepared with short copings or left uncovered, and attachments may be added to improve retention.
- Overdentures can improve retention, stability, support and proprioception compared to conventional dentures.
- Proper case selection and maintenance are important for long term success.
Cleaning & Shaping
Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system has both mechanical and biological objectives. It aims to create a continuously tapered shape from the coronal to apical ends while maintaining the natural curvature and apical foramen. Proper cleaning and shaping requires adequate access preparation, working length determination, irrigation, and the use of step-back or crown-down techniques. Potential errors include ledge formation, perforation, canal blockage, and separated instruments.
Unit 2 Obturators.pptx
An obturator is a prosthesis used to close congenital or acquired openings of the hard palate and surrounding structures. They can be used surgically immediately after tumor excision or trauma to restore continuity, or as interim or definitive prostheses. Materials have evolved from primitive substances to modern polymers like acrylic and silicone. Obturators improve speech, swallowing and seal oral and nasal cavities. They are classified by location and movement of surrounding tissues. Design considers patient factors, defect size and goals of improving function, retention and comfort.
Access Cavity Preparation in : Maxillary Lateral Incisor
NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
More Related Content
What's hot
procedural errors in endodontics ppt.ppt
Procedural complications in endodontics can occur during various stages including diagnosis, instrumentation, obturation, and post-treatment. Common issues involve missed canals, ledges, perforations, over-instrumentation, underfilling, and overfilling. Successful treatment depends on accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, thorough cleaning and shaping of the root canal system, and proper filling of the entire root canal space. Preventing complications requires following principles such as using pre-curved instruments, limiting pressure, and taking radiographs to confirm working length and detect any procedural errors.
Access Cavity Prepration
The document discusses guidelines for access cavity preparation during root canal treatment. It describes the objectives of access cavity preparation as removing caries, conserving sound tooth structure, unroofing the pulp chamber, removing pulp tissue, locating canal orifices, and achieving straight-line access to the foramen. The guiding principles are to shape the cavity for unimpeded instrument access, make it large enough for debridement but not excessively large, and avoid disturbing the pulp chamber floor in posterior teeth. Key factors influencing access preparation include the size and shape of the pulp chamber and the number and curvature of root canals. The document also reviews the typical root canal morphologies of different tooth types.
Root Canal Morphology & Access Preparation
This document discusses root canal morphology and access cavity preparation. It begins with an introduction discussing the objectives of root canal treatment and the importance of understanding root canal anatomy. It then covers topics like root canal classification systems, anatomy of the apical root, accessory canals, canal isthmuses, root canal curvatures, and guidelines for cavity preparation. The document provides detailed information on root canal anatomy and considerations for access cavity preparation.
1. fixed partial denture finals1
This document discusses the classification and components of fixed partial dentures (FPDs). It describes the different types of FPDs including simple rigid bridges, semi-fixed bridges, and cantilever bridges. The components of an FPD include abutment teeth, retainers, pontics, and connectors. It also lists 19 factors that influence the selection of FPD components and design, such as crown length, root form, occlusion, periodontal health, and esthetics.
strip perforation
This document discusses root perforations, including their causes, classification, diagnosis, and treatment using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). It begins by defining a root perforation and listing potential causes. It then discusses factors that affect prognosis and classifications of perforations. Detection methods like radiographs and apex locators are presented. The document outlines a case study of successful repair of a strip perforation using MTA and concludes that MTA is a suitable material for perforation repair.
02 classification and indications of rpd
This document discusses removable partial dentures. It begins by outlining the indications for removable partial dentures, including when the abutment teeth are not suitable for fixed bridges due to periodontal issues, extensive bone loss, or economic considerations. It then covers classifications for partially edentulous arches, including whether the denture is tooth-borne, tissue-borne, or a combination. Kennedy's classification system categorizes cases based on the location of edentulous spans. The document concludes with the component parts of removable partial dentures.
Endodontic surgery
Dr. Bhavik Miyani,
Resident Doctor in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery,
Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital,
Visnagar.
Mouth preparation for removable partial denture/ dental education in india
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training
center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental
professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified
courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Endodontic Access Cavity.pptx
The document discusses guidelines for preparing an access cavity for endodontic treatment. It describes the importance of the access cavity in allowing visualization and access to all root canals. Key steps in access preparation include complete removal of the pulp chamber roof, removal of dentinal shoulders, and preparation of cavity walls to allow straight-line access to the canals without obstruction. Examples of access cavity designs are provided for different types of teeth, focusing on locating canal orifices and achieving optimal access. The document emphasizes that a properly designed access cavity is essential for successful root canal treatment.
24. major connectors
Major connectors are the parts of a partial denture that join components on one side of the dental arch to the other. They distribute forces throughout the arch to reduce load on individual teeth and tissues. Mandibular major connectors include lingual bars, linguoplates, and sublingual bars. Maxillary connectors include palatal straps and plates. Properly designed rigid major connectors effectively distribute forces while controlling prosthesis movement.
B- Retention of Removable Partial Dentures
This document discusses various types of clasps and attachments used for retention of removable partial dentures. It describes 12 main types of clasps:
1. Aker's clasp, which engages an undercut from the occlusal direction and is the most commonly used design.
2. Reversed Aker clasp, used in distal extension cases to reduce torque on abutment teeth.
3. Double Aker clasp, which provides bilateral stabilization and splints two teeth together.
4. Circumferential 'C' clasp and other clasps are also discussed, along with their indications, advantages, and disadvantages. The document provides detailed diagrams and explanations of various clasp designs
Access cavity preparation
The document discusses access cavity preparation for endodontic treatment. It provides guidelines for preparing access cavities, including removing caries and restorations, locating all canal orifices, and achieving straight line access to the canals. Specific steps are outlined for preparing access cavities in anterior and posterior teeth, including maxillary and mandibular molars as well as maxillary central incisors. The goal of access cavity preparation is to allow for thorough cleaning, shaping, and filling of the root canal system.
Case presentation
This document presents the case of a patient seeking full mouth rehabilitation due to severe deterioration of his oral health from poor hygiene. The patient had previously refused treatment plans involving fixed partial dentures and crowns. Examination found missing teeth #46 and #45 and dental attrition. The treatment plan will take into account factors like tooth eruption after attrition, compensating for lost vertical dimension, and ensuring ferrule effect for shortened clinical crowns. Temporary restorations may be used to achieve satisfactory esthetics and function for the permanent restoration. A multidisciplinary approach involving different dental specialties will be needed for complicated cases.
Access opening of molar teeth
Access opening of molar teethDepartment of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Mustansiriyah University
This document discusses principles and guidelines for access cavity preparation in endodontic treatment. It outlines the basic principles established by G.V. Black, including outline form to establish complete access, convenience form to make procedures more convenient, and removal of remaining caries and defective restorations. Guidelines include centrality and concentricity of the pulp chamber floor, using the cementoenamel junction as a landmark, and symmetry of canal orifices. Specific access preparations are described for maxillary and mandibular molars and premolars. Considerations are provided for anatomical variations, extensive restorations, tilted/angled crowns, calcified canals, and teeth with minimal crowns.Access cavity preparation in permanet teeth
the main objective is to understand and learn and to be able to identify the entrance into the root canal for the better endodontic treatment
RPI system
This document discusses the components and design of an I-bar removable partial denture (RPD). It begins by defining RPI, which stands for rest, plate, and I-bar clasp. It then describes the key components of an I-bar RPD including mesial rests, proximal plates, and a modified I-bar retainer called the RPI system developed by Krol. The RPI system aims to reduce tooth coverage and stress compared to a standard I-bar by modifying the rest, plate, and I-bar clasp design.
Access cavity prepration
1. Access cavity preparation is the first and most important step in root canal treatment as it provides straight-line access to the root canals.
2. Anatomical landmarks like the cementoenamel junction and root development lines can help locate canal orifices.
3. The goals of access cavity preparation are to remove all caries, locate all root canals, and achieve a conservative cavity that provides direct access to the canals and apical foramen.
4. The shape and size of the access cavity varies between teeth based on their anatomy and number of canals. Proper identification of canal orifices is crucial for successful root canal treatment.
Coronal Cavity Preparation ‘Access’
This document discusses guidelines for preparing access cavities for root canal treatment. It emphasizes the importance of straight-line access to allow visualization and instrumentation of all root canals. Key principles include removing caries and defective restorations before starting treatment, and eliminating dentin overhangs to provide optimal access. Common canal morphologies are reviewed for different tooth types. Tips are provided to locate additional canals like second mesiobuccal canals in maxillary molars. Proper access cavity preparation is highlighted as essential for thorough root canal treatment.
Overdenture
The document discusses overdentures, which are removable partial or complete dentures that cover and rest on one or more remaining natural teeth, tooth roots, or dental implants. Key points include:
- Retaining natural teeth can preserve alveolar bone and periodontal receptors important for function.
- Abutment teeth are prepared with short copings or left uncovered, and attachments may be added to improve retention.
- Overdentures can improve retention, stability, support and proprioception compared to conventional dentures.
- Proper case selection and maintenance are important for long term success.
Cleaning & Shaping
Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system has both mechanical and biological objectives. It aims to create a continuously tapered shape from the coronal to apical ends while maintaining the natural curvature and apical foramen. Proper cleaning and shaping requires adequate access preparation, working length determination, irrigation, and the use of step-back or crown-down techniques. Potential errors include ledge formation, perforation, canal blockage, and separated instruments.
What's hot (20)
Mouth preparation for removable partial denture/ dental education in india
Mouth preparation for removable partial denture/ dental education in india
Similar to Access - Part I
Unit 2 Obturators.pptx
An obturator is a prosthesis used to close congenital or acquired openings of the hard palate and surrounding structures. They can be used surgically immediately after tumor excision or trauma to restore continuity, or as interim or definitive prostheses. Materials have evolved from primitive substances to modern polymers like acrylic and silicone. Obturators improve speech, swallowing and seal oral and nasal cavities. They are classified by location and movement of surrounding tissues. Design considers patient factors, defect size and goals of improving function, retention and comfort.
Access Cavity Preparation in : Maxillary Lateral Incisor
NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles
I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤
7. non vital pulp therapy
Non-vital pulp therapy in primary teeth involves removing infected or necrotic pulp tissue from the root canal through a procedure called pulpectomy. Pulpectomy can be partial, removing pulp from the crown only, or complete, removing all pulp tissue. It can be done in one or multiple visits. Sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine are common irrigants used to disinfect canals, along with EDTA or other chelators. The goal of pulpectomy is to eliminate infection while retaining the tooth until natural exfoliation, without harming the permanent successor tooth.
Endodontic access cavity for anterior teeth Dr. Ali Mohammed
The document discusses access openings for root canals in anterior teeth. It defines an access opening as an endodontic preparation that allows unobstructed access to root canal orifices and a straight line path to the root apex. The objectives of an access opening are to remove caries, conserve tooth structure, expose the pulp chamber, remove pulp tissue, and locate all root canals. Principles for access openings in anterior teeth include outlining the form based on pulp chamber size and shape, providing a convenient straight line access, and cleaning out all debris from the pulp chamber. Various burs, ultrasonic instruments, and hand files are used to create the access opening. Considerations for specific anterior teeth are also described.
Space managment
The document discusses preventive orthodontics and space maintenance. It defines preventive orthodontics as actions taken to preserve normal occlusion. Space maintenance involves maintaining space left by premature loss of primary teeth using appliances like bands, lingual arches or removable partial dentures. Factors like dental development stage, eruption timing and bone levels determine need for and type of space maintainer used.
Management of displaced tooth
This document provides information on the diagnosis and management of displaced teeth. It discusses the types of displacement injuries including concussion, horizontal displacements, and vertical displacements such as intrusion and extrusion. Key points include that displacement injuries damage the pulp vascular bundle and periodontal ligament attachment. Proper management depends on knowledge of the injury characteristics and includes repositioning displaced teeth, splinting, and follow up care to monitor for pulp necrosis and resorption. Management may involve endodontic treatment or orthodontic correction depending on the severity of displacement and stage of root development.
Rpd consideration in maxillofacial prosthetics
This document discusses considerations for removable partial dentures in patients with maxillofacial defects. It describes different types of maxillofacial defects including acquired, congenital, and developmental. For acquired defects, it discusses preoperative planning, interim prosthetics, potential complications, defect hygiene, and definitive care. It also describes different classifications of maxillary and mandibular defects and prosthetic options for each, including obturator, speech aid, palatal lift, and palatal augmentation prostheses. Framework designs and retention strategies are discussed for different types of mandibular resections.
Access opening in anterior teeth
This document describes the process for accessing and preparing root canals in various anterior teeth. It discusses the access cavity, penetration, enlargement, and finishing phases. For each tooth, it notes the typical root canal anatomy and challenges, and provides guidance on creating an optimal access cavity shape and starting point. Teeth covered include upper and lower central and lateral incisors, upper canines, and lower canines. The goal is to safely and efficiently access all root canals while minimizing removal of healthy tooth structure.
Access - Part 2
This document discusses endodontic access for molar teeth. It begins with general principles for access, including breaking through the roof in three phases: penetration, enlargement, and finishing. It then discusses Krasner and Rankow's laws for locating canal orifices, such as the law of centrality which states the floor is in the center of the tooth. Specific instructions are provided for locating the MB2 canal in maxillary first molars. The document concludes by describing different C-shaped canal configurations that can be present in mandibular molars.
Preventive orthodontic procedure
Preventive orthodontics aims to preserve normal occlusion and prevent malocclusion. Procedures include monitoring primary dentition, extracting retained primary teeth or supernumeraries, restoring decayed teeth, and correcting habits. Space maintainers are used to preserve space when primary teeth are lost prematurely. Removable appliances allow oral hygiene, while fixed appliances require less compliance. Early intervention through procedures with or without appliances can help guide development and reduce future orthodontic needs.
cavity designs.pptx
1. There are various cavity designs for amalgam restorations depending on the location and extent of the dental caries. Cavity designs are classified based on the Black Classification system as Class I through Class VI cavities.
2. Key principles of tooth preparation for amalgam restorations include establishing an outline form that extends the cavity margins into sound tooth structure. The cavity should have a primary resistance form and features like cavosurface margins, reverse curves, and retention forms or locks to resist forces and retain the restoration.
3. Specific cavity preparations are described for different classes of cavities, including designs for single surface Class I cavities, multi-surface Class I cavities, various Class II cavity designs for proximal lesions
Amalgam cavity design
This document discusses cavity designs for amalgam restorations. It begins with definitions of cavities and objectives of cavity preparation. It then covers classifications of cavities including Class I-VI and describes design considerations and features for each class. The principles of tooth preparation for amalgam are outlined. Updates to traditional cavity designs are mentioned that emphasize conservation of tooth structure. In conclusion, while new materials are gaining popularity, amalgam will continue to be widely used with care in minimal cavity designs.
Riya pedo seminar.pptx
This document discusses non-vital pulp therapy for primary teeth. It begins by defining non-vital pulp therapy as a procedure to maintain an infected tooth. For primary teeth, the recommended treatments are pulpectomy or pulpotomy. Pulpectomy involves complete removal of necrotic pulp tissue and filling the canals. The document then describes in detail the steps for pulpectomy, including access opening, instrumentation, irrigation, and obturation. Various instruments, irrigation solutions, and obturation techniques are discussed. The objectives of pulpectomy treatment and indications/contraindications are also summarized.
Mgt of dental trauma
This document provides an overview of the management of dental traumatic injuries in paediatric patients. It discusses the classification, aetiology, epidemiology, clinical evaluation and treatment protocols for various injuries. Key points include:
- Dental trauma is common in children aged 2-4 and 7-10 years old, often due to falls or collisions.
- Injuries range from enamel fractures to luxations and avulsions and are classified systems like Andreasen.
- Clinical evaluation involves medical history, extraoral/intraoral exams, sensitivity tests, and radiographs to diagnose the injury.
- Treatment depends on the injury but may include allowing re-eruption, extraction, or restoration with composite for fractures.
Management of displaced tooth
This document discusses the diagnosis and management of displaced teeth. It notes that displaced teeth often have damage to the pulp vascular bundle and periodontal ligament attachment. Types of displacement include concussion, horizontal (minor and major), and vertical (intrusion and extrusion). Concussion injuries involve tooth sensitivity but no displacement. Horizontal displacements may require repositioning and splinting, while vertical intrusions usually require root canals due to high risk of pulp necrosis. Proper examination, radiographs, splinting, and long-term follow up are important to monitor healing and watch for complications like necrosis, resorption and ankylosis.
preparations for intracoronal restorations ghasemi
This document discusses preparations for intracoronal restorations. It describes different types of inlays including class 1, 3, and 5 inlays and their indications. Details are provided on techniques for occlusal outlines, box length, bevels, and isthmus width. Contraindications include poor oral hygiene, recent caries, and adolescence. MOD onlays are described as having a functional cusp clearance of 1.5mm and bevel on the occlusal shoulder for reinforcement of deteriorating teeth with intact buccal and lingual cusps.
Maxillary distalizers
Maxillary distalizers INCLUDE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCE TO DISTALIZE FIRST PERMANENT MOLARS BY SEVERAL APPLIANCES
full mouth rehabilitation
This document discusses a full mouth rehabilitation case report. It begins with an introduction on the importance of a beautiful smile and restoring impaired teeth. It then discusses the objectives, reasons, indications, classifications, etiology, diagnosis, treatment planning, and vertical dimension considerations for full mouth rehabilitation. The document provides information on evaluating the patient's situation and developing a treatment plan to restore their oral function and aesthetics through extensive restorative procedures.
Interceptive orthodontics
Interceptive orthodontics involves procedures undertaken early to eliminate or reduce malocclusions. It prevents full malocclusions requiring long term treatment later. Procedures include serial extraction to guide teeth into normal occlusion, correcting developing crossbites, controlling abnormal habits like thumb sucking and tongue thrusting, regaining lost space, muscle exercises, and intercepting skeletal issues. Interceptive treatment is more physiological and prevents psychological impacts of malocclusions.
Corrective orthodontics- deep bite & open bite
Management of deep bite and open bite (anterior, posterior) has been covered in this presentation. Removable as well as fixed corrective orthodontic treatment options have been mentioned.
Similar to Access - Part I (20)
Access Cavity Preparation in : Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Access Cavity Preparation in : Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Endodontic access cavity for anterior teeth Dr. Ali Mohammed
Endodontic access cavity for anterior teeth Dr. Ali Mohammed
preparations for intracoronal restorations ghasemi
preparations for intracoronal restorations ghasemi
Recently uploaded
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Hindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Aberdeen
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Recently uploaded (20)
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
বাংলাদেশ অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা (Economic Review) ২০২৪ UJS App.pdf
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Pengantar Penggunaan Flutter - Dart programming language1.pptx
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Access - Part I
- 1. Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah Endodontist DcSc, BDS 1st Step into Successful RCT: Access Part I : Anterior + Premolars
- 2. Tooth isolation using the dental dam is the standard of care; it is integral and essential for any nonsurgical endodontic treatment. AAE Statement , 2017 Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 3. 03 01 02 Table of contents Introduction General Principles Teeth Access Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 5. The major objectives of endodontic access are: (1) Identifying canal orifices. (2) Obtaining straight-line access to the apical third of the root canal space (3) Conserving tooth structure. Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 6. Access Cavity requirements Permit the removal of all the chamber contents Direct Access as possible to the canal apical 1/3 Direct vision Provide a positive support for temporary fillings Facilitate the introduction of instruments into the orifice Always have four walls Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 7. General Principles 02 Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 8. General Principles 1.Penetration phase breaking through the roof with the bur. 3.Finishing phase smooth Access cavity walls 2.Enlargement phase brushing motion so all the overhangs of dentin left behind are removed Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 9. Teeth Access 03 Anteriors & Premolars Maxillary & Mandibular Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 10. Upper Anteriors Starting point Cingulum Perpendicular to Palatal Surface 1st Drill Mesi-Distal Enlargment Deroofing Parallel to Tooth for straight line access 2nd Drill The only difference the final shape of the cavity opening. Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 11. Upper 1st Premolar Access Orientation Bucco-Lingual Middle penetrating to central sulcus 1st Drill BL direction under cusps Deroofing Usually not involving the cusps peaks Finishing Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 12. Upper 2nd Premolar The canal is approached and prepared as though there were two, unless there is definitely only one. Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 13. Lower Anteriors Incisal Edge of cingulum is Starting point Cingulum Perpendicular to Lingual Surface 1st Drill Completely remove the triangular for straight line access Deroofing Parallel to Tooth for straight line access 2nd Drill Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 14. The lower central, as well as the lower lateral incisor, is anything but easy to treat. The difficulties posed by this tooth are related to its mesiodistal thinness when compared to its buccolingual width which makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to widen the canal(s) completely in any direction. Note Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 15. Lower Premolars Starting point Central groove Inclination directed toward the side of the Buccal cusp 1st Drill Finishing & flaring the cavity Deroofing Occlusal View Lingual cusp preserved Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah
- 16. Insta: dr.g_alsawah Twitter: drg_alsawah LinkedIn: Dr. Ghaliah Alsawah Thank You Sources of clinical images : 1.Chapter 11. Access Cavity and Endodontic Anatomy By ARNALDO CASTELLUCCI. 2. My own cases.