Principles of credit lending
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•1,255 views
Watch out full video on youtube- https://youtu.be/zBUSzKnK9bw Principles of Credit Lending 1. Safety 2. Liquidity 3.Spread 4. Security 5. Purpose 6. Profitability 7. Policy Validation Thank You For Watching Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Principles of bank lending
The document discusses the importance of bank lending principles for making sound lending decisions. It outlines several key principles for banks to consider, including the 5 Ps - People, Purpose, Payment, Protection, and Prospects. Major portions of a bank's assets and earnings come from advances/loans, which also carry the greatest credit risk. Following sound lending principles can help ensure loans are given to reliable customers for approved purposes, with adequate collateral and ability to repay, thereby reducing loan defaults and losses.
Credit management
Watch full video on YouTube -
https://youtu.be/f3VgVOgAUoE
Credit management is the process of granting credit , setting the term its granted on, recovering this credit when its due and ensuring compliance with company credit policy.
The difference in the rate of interest that a bank charges on the amount lent and the rate it pays to the depositors is technically called spread or interest rate spread.
This spread bank has to use to meet all its overheads and interest on deposit but also provide for NPA.
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Loans and it's types
The document discusses different types of loans including secured loans, unsecured loans, open-ended loans, closed-ended loans, personal loans, home loans, vehicle loans, education loans, and more. It explains the key characteristics of each loan type such as whether collateral is required, repayment terms, typical uses, and interest rates. The 4 C's of credit for loans are also summarized as character, capacity, capital, and collateral, which are the main factors lenders consider when approving a loan.
A.loans & advances
1) The document discusses various principles of lending that banks follow such as safety, liquidity, profitability, security, purpose of loan, social responsibility, and risk diversification.
2) It also describes different types of loans and advances provided by banks including cash credits, overdrafts, bill discounting, letters of credit, and term loans.
3) The evaluation of borrowers, types of securities, and RBI's role in selective credit control are also summarized.
Npa management
This document discusses NPA (non-performing assets) management. It defines NPAs as loans that are overdue by over 90 days. It categorizes NPAs as substandard, doubtful, and loss assets and outlines the different provisioning rates banks must hold against each category. The document also discusses the types (gross and net NPA), causes, effects of rising NPAs on banks, and strategies banks use to prevent and cure high NPA levels like debt restructuring and asset reconstruction companies.
ppt on loans and advances
The document discusses various types of loans and advances provided by banks, as well as the principles of sound lending. It describes how banks earn profits by providing loans and advances to individuals, businesses, and industrialists. Some key points covered include:
- Banks provide secured and unsecured advances, with secured advances having a primary security/collateral pledged by the borrower, such as machinery.
- The main types of advances are loans, cash credits, overdrafts, and bills discounted. Loans can be short-term or long-term based on purpose.
- Banks employ various methods to charge security for loans, including lien, pledge, mortgage, assignment, and hypothecation of movable property.
Bank loans
The document is a student project report on bank loans submitted to the University of Mumbai. It includes an introduction that defines loans and their importance for banks and customers. It also describes different types of bank loans like lines of credit, installment loans, and secured/unsecured loans. The report further discusses government-backed SBA loan programs in the US that aim to support small businesses through loan guarantees.
Recovery management In Banks
This Presentation is all about measures of recovery management for Banks in India i.e. Legal & Non Legal Measures
Recommended
Principles of bank lending
The document discusses the importance of bank lending principles for making sound lending decisions. It outlines several key principles for banks to consider, including the 5 Ps - People, Purpose, Payment, Protection, and Prospects. Major portions of a bank's assets and earnings come from advances/loans, which also carry the greatest credit risk. Following sound lending principles can help ensure loans are given to reliable customers for approved purposes, with adequate collateral and ability to repay, thereby reducing loan defaults and losses.
Credit management
Watch full video on YouTube -
https://youtu.be/f3VgVOgAUoE
Credit management is the process of granting credit , setting the term its granted on, recovering this credit when its due and ensuring compliance with company credit policy.
The difference in the rate of interest that a bank charges on the amount lent and the rate it pays to the depositors is technically called spread or interest rate spread.
This spread bank has to use to meet all its overheads and interest on deposit but also provide for NPA.
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Loans and it's types
The document discusses different types of loans including secured loans, unsecured loans, open-ended loans, closed-ended loans, personal loans, home loans, vehicle loans, education loans, and more. It explains the key characteristics of each loan type such as whether collateral is required, repayment terms, typical uses, and interest rates. The 4 C's of credit for loans are also summarized as character, capacity, capital, and collateral, which are the main factors lenders consider when approving a loan.
A.loans & advances
1) The document discusses various principles of lending that banks follow such as safety, liquidity, profitability, security, purpose of loan, social responsibility, and risk diversification.
2) It also describes different types of loans and advances provided by banks including cash credits, overdrafts, bill discounting, letters of credit, and term loans.
3) The evaluation of borrowers, types of securities, and RBI's role in selective credit control are also summarized.
Npa management
This document discusses NPA (non-performing assets) management. It defines NPAs as loans that are overdue by over 90 days. It categorizes NPAs as substandard, doubtful, and loss assets and outlines the different provisioning rates banks must hold against each category. The document also discusses the types (gross and net NPA), causes, effects of rising NPAs on banks, and strategies banks use to prevent and cure high NPA levels like debt restructuring and asset reconstruction companies.
ppt on loans and advances
The document discusses various types of loans and advances provided by banks, as well as the principles of sound lending. It describes how banks earn profits by providing loans and advances to individuals, businesses, and industrialists. Some key points covered include:
- Banks provide secured and unsecured advances, with secured advances having a primary security/collateral pledged by the borrower, such as machinery.
- The main types of advances are loans, cash credits, overdrafts, and bills discounted. Loans can be short-term or long-term based on purpose.
- Banks employ various methods to charge security for loans, including lien, pledge, mortgage, assignment, and hypothecation of movable property.
Bank loans
The document is a student project report on bank loans submitted to the University of Mumbai. It includes an introduction that defines loans and their importance for banks and customers. It also describes different types of bank loans like lines of credit, installment loans, and secured/unsecured loans. The report further discusses government-backed SBA loan programs in the US that aim to support small businesses through loan guarantees.
Recovery management In Banks
This Presentation is all about measures of recovery management for Banks in India i.e. Legal & Non Legal Measures
Bank lendings and loans ppt
The document outlines the key principles that banks follow when developing their credit policies. It discusses the importance of safety, liquidity, profitability, and risk diversification. It also describes the components that are typically included in a bank's credit policy such as lending guidelines, targeted portfolio mixes, risk ratings, loan pricing, and collateral requirements. The credit policy is developed by the bank's Credit Policy Committee and must comply with regulatory requirements set by the Reserve Bank of India.
loans and advances in iob
Indian Overseas Bank provides various types of loans and advances to customers. These include secured loans like term loans which are granted against assets and can be paid back over longer periods. They also offer unsecured loans like demand loans which are repayable on demand. The bank aims to meet business needs through flexible financing options like cash credits while ensuring safety of funds through security and assessing borrower creditworthiness. A study of IOB's Ashoknagar branch found that term loans contribute significantly to advances and customers appreciate the bank's service, suggesting they focus on faster loan processing and financial education.
Bank loan
This document discusses key principles of sound lending for banks. It outlines cardinal principles like liquidity, safety, diversity and profitability. It also describes loan classification criteria, credit investigation process, loan pricing factors, importance of loan supervision and follow up. Security of loans can include mortgages, guarantees or liens. Banks typically require stock statements from business loan customers to monitor inventory levels.
An introduction to Asset Liability Management
1) Asset/liability management (ALM) is the process of making decisions about the composition of a bank's assets and liabilities in order to manage risks and ensure sustainable profits.
2) ALM decisions are typically made by a bank's asset/liability management committee (ALCO) and involve strategic balance sheet management to match assets and liabilities.
3) The goal of ALM is to manage sources and uses of funds with respect to interest rate risk and liquidity risk arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities.
Loans & Advances
,
principles of sound lending
,
loans & advances
,
types of loans & advances
,
forms of advances or style of credit:
,
sources of credit information:
,
factors limiting the level of bank’s advanc
Bank Guarantee
Cash credit is a short-term loan that allows businesses to withdraw funds from their account even if there are insufficient funds. It is determined based on the value of securities provided. Overdraft is a credit facility that allows individuals to continue withdrawing funds even if their account balance is zero, up to a set limit. Bank guarantees ensure that a debtor's liabilities will be paid if they default, with three parties involved: the surety (guarantor), principal debtor, and creditor/beneficiary. Common types of guarantees include advance payment, payment, credit security, rental, and performance guarantees. Cash credit and overdraft both finance working capital and allow credit withdrawals up to a limit, but cash credit is longer-term
Bank deposits
This document discusses bank deposits, including the types of deposits, factors that affect deposits, and measures to increase deposits. It also covers pricing deposits, "Know Your Customer" guidelines for opening accounts, deposit insurance, and non-deposit sources of funds for banks.
Credit appraisal SYSTEM
This document discusses credit appraisal systems used by banks. It begins with background on how high levels of non-performing assets (NPAs) can hamper bank operations. It then discusses the differences between credit appraisal and project appraisal, with credit appraisal focusing on a borrower's creditworthiness rather than alternative projects. The document outlines the four pillars of credit assessment as repayment, remuneration, relationship, and reputation. It also discusses the financial and non-financial aspects evaluated in credit appraisal systems as well as features and functionalities of credit appraisal software solutions.
Presentation on personal loan
This presentation discusses personal loans, which are unsecured loans that can be used for personal needs. Personal loans can be used for purposes like weddings, travel, home renovations, and debt consolidation. They offer benefits like flexible repayment terms of 1-5 years and loan amounts between 20,000-20 lakhs rupees. To qualify, salaried individuals need over 17,500 monthly income and 1 year work experience, while self-employed need 3 years in business and profits over 1-2 lakhs. The process involves applying online or with documents at CreditNation for fast, transparent personal loans in India.
Bank advances
Bank advances include overdrafts, cash credits, loans, and bill discounting. An overdraft allows account holders to withdraw funds exceeding their balance, while a cash credit is a short-term loan for commercial or industrial concerns. Loans can be demand loans repayable on notice or term loans for longer periods. Bill discounting provides immediate funds to a bill holder by deducting interest from the bill amount until maturity.
Principles of Problem Loan Management
A slide deck from GBRW covering the key principles of problem loan management, based on GBRW's extensive experience with Non-Performing Loan (NPL) management, restructuring and work-out assignments.
What Is Credit
Credit allows individuals to borrow money and pay it back over time, usually with interest. There are various types of credit like credit cards, loans, mortgages, and student loans offered through banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. While credit provides advantages like convenience and flexibility to make purchases, it also carries costs like interest fees and penalties if not managed responsibly. When applying for credit, lenders will consider an individual's credit history, income, existing debts, and assets to determine if they qualify.
Bank lending system
The presentation explains the concept of banking and its lending system. Different types of credit facilities as well as principles of sound lending are also discussed.
Credit monitoring
Credit monitoring is the ongoing supervision of a loan account to ensure the borrower continues to meet the terms of the loan sanction. It helps maintain asset quality and prevent slippage into NPA status. There are four stages of monitoring - pre-sanction, post-sanction pre-disbursement, during disbursement, and post-disbursement. Regular inspections, financial statement reviews, and verifying end-use of funds are some key monitoring activities. Early warning signs like delays in submission of documents or frequent requests for extensions should trigger corrective actions like discussions with the borrower to resolve issues impacting the business.
Banking theory law & Practice Unit IV.ppt
Loans and Advances
Principles of Good lending
Creditworthiness of borrowers
Securing advances
Lien
Pledge
Mortgage
Hypothecation
Documents of title to goods
Life Insurance Policy
Fixed Deposit Receipts
Mutual Funds
Government Securities
Gold Loans
Forms of lending
The document discusses various forms of lending provided by banks. It describes cash finance/cash credit, overdrafts, loans, purchase and discounting of bills, and hire-purchase/leasing finance. Cash finance allows borrowing up to a limit as needed, while overdrafts provide temporary adjustments. Loans involve lump sums paid for a period at interest. Purchase and discounting of bills advances money by deducting discount from bill values. Hire-purchase/leasing finance allows purchasing goods through installments. The principles of lending like safety, liquidity, security and diversification of risk are also outlined.
Asset product & liability Harish Deore
This document summarizes various asset products offered by banks. It discusses that assets for banks include loans provided to customers at different interest rates depending on the type of product. It outlines key housing, personal, property, agriculture, vehicle and credit/debit card loans. It also discusses investment products offered by banks. The presentation provides an overview of different asset classes and concludes with a snapshot of asset products.
Introduction to banking
The document provides a history of banking in India from the 1800s onwards in three phases. It discusses the key events like the establishment of presidency banks, creation of the Imperial Bank of India, nationalization of SBI and other banks. It also explains the basic functions of a bank like accepting deposits, lending money through various loan products, and services like letters of credit. The functions of current, savings and term deposits are described.
Factoring
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
Receivable mgmt
The document discusses receivable management and outlines several objectives and factors related to managing accounts receivable. The key objectives of receivable management are to obtain optimal sales volume, control credit costs, maintain an optimal investment in accounts receivable, and maximize firm value. The nature of maintaining receivables involves risk, economic value, futurity, and credit sales/collection periods. Costs of maintaining receivables include credit department costs, credit evaluation costs, opportunity costs, discounted payment costs, selling/production costs, and bad debts costs. Factors affecting receivable size are credit sales volume, credit policy, trade terms, and seasonality of business.
loan policy and investment management
The document discusses formulating loan policy and introduces investment management. It outlines the principles of formulating a loan policy including safety, liquidity, profitability and risk diversification. Major factors affecting loan policy are also examined such as credit-deposit ratio, targeted portfolio mix, ratings, pricing, collateral and capital adequacy. The document then defines investment, discusses investment management, and lists objectives and importance of investment management. It provides guidance on how to manage investments through robo advisors, online services or traditional advisors.
Chapter 6 commercial bank management .pptx
The document discusses various types of loans and credit facilities provided by banks to corporate clients. It describes RBI guidelines for regulating lending activities including credit allocation, exposure limits, interest regulations, and prudential norms. It also covers different kinds of loans such as short term, medium term, long term, fund based, non-fund based and asset based loans. Additionally, it discusses consortium lending and loan syndication where multiple banks jointly provide credit to large corporate borrowers.
More Related Content
What's hot
Bank lendings and loans ppt
The document outlines the key principles that banks follow when developing their credit policies. It discusses the importance of safety, liquidity, profitability, and risk diversification. It also describes the components that are typically included in a bank's credit policy such as lending guidelines, targeted portfolio mixes, risk ratings, loan pricing, and collateral requirements. The credit policy is developed by the bank's Credit Policy Committee and must comply with regulatory requirements set by the Reserve Bank of India.
loans and advances in iob
Indian Overseas Bank provides various types of loans and advances to customers. These include secured loans like term loans which are granted against assets and can be paid back over longer periods. They also offer unsecured loans like demand loans which are repayable on demand. The bank aims to meet business needs through flexible financing options like cash credits while ensuring safety of funds through security and assessing borrower creditworthiness. A study of IOB's Ashoknagar branch found that term loans contribute significantly to advances and customers appreciate the bank's service, suggesting they focus on faster loan processing and financial education.
Bank loan
This document discusses key principles of sound lending for banks. It outlines cardinal principles like liquidity, safety, diversity and profitability. It also describes loan classification criteria, credit investigation process, loan pricing factors, importance of loan supervision and follow up. Security of loans can include mortgages, guarantees or liens. Banks typically require stock statements from business loan customers to monitor inventory levels.
An introduction to Asset Liability Management
1) Asset/liability management (ALM) is the process of making decisions about the composition of a bank's assets and liabilities in order to manage risks and ensure sustainable profits.
2) ALM decisions are typically made by a bank's asset/liability management committee (ALCO) and involve strategic balance sheet management to match assets and liabilities.
3) The goal of ALM is to manage sources and uses of funds with respect to interest rate risk and liquidity risk arising from mismatches between assets and liabilities.
Loans & Advances
,
principles of sound lending
,
loans & advances
,
types of loans & advances
,
forms of advances or style of credit:
,
sources of credit information:
,
factors limiting the level of bank’s advanc
Bank Guarantee
Cash credit is a short-term loan that allows businesses to withdraw funds from their account even if there are insufficient funds. It is determined based on the value of securities provided. Overdraft is a credit facility that allows individuals to continue withdrawing funds even if their account balance is zero, up to a set limit. Bank guarantees ensure that a debtor's liabilities will be paid if they default, with three parties involved: the surety (guarantor), principal debtor, and creditor/beneficiary. Common types of guarantees include advance payment, payment, credit security, rental, and performance guarantees. Cash credit and overdraft both finance working capital and allow credit withdrawals up to a limit, but cash credit is longer-term
Bank deposits
This document discusses bank deposits, including the types of deposits, factors that affect deposits, and measures to increase deposits. It also covers pricing deposits, "Know Your Customer" guidelines for opening accounts, deposit insurance, and non-deposit sources of funds for banks.
Credit appraisal SYSTEM
This document discusses credit appraisal systems used by banks. It begins with background on how high levels of non-performing assets (NPAs) can hamper bank operations. It then discusses the differences between credit appraisal and project appraisal, with credit appraisal focusing on a borrower's creditworthiness rather than alternative projects. The document outlines the four pillars of credit assessment as repayment, remuneration, relationship, and reputation. It also discusses the financial and non-financial aspects evaluated in credit appraisal systems as well as features and functionalities of credit appraisal software solutions.
Presentation on personal loan
This presentation discusses personal loans, which are unsecured loans that can be used for personal needs. Personal loans can be used for purposes like weddings, travel, home renovations, and debt consolidation. They offer benefits like flexible repayment terms of 1-5 years and loan amounts between 20,000-20 lakhs rupees. To qualify, salaried individuals need over 17,500 monthly income and 1 year work experience, while self-employed need 3 years in business and profits over 1-2 lakhs. The process involves applying online or with documents at CreditNation for fast, transparent personal loans in India.
Bank advances
Bank advances include overdrafts, cash credits, loans, and bill discounting. An overdraft allows account holders to withdraw funds exceeding their balance, while a cash credit is a short-term loan for commercial or industrial concerns. Loans can be demand loans repayable on notice or term loans for longer periods. Bill discounting provides immediate funds to a bill holder by deducting interest from the bill amount until maturity.
Principles of Problem Loan Management
A slide deck from GBRW covering the key principles of problem loan management, based on GBRW's extensive experience with Non-Performing Loan (NPL) management, restructuring and work-out assignments.
What Is Credit
Credit allows individuals to borrow money and pay it back over time, usually with interest. There are various types of credit like credit cards, loans, mortgages, and student loans offered through banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. While credit provides advantages like convenience and flexibility to make purchases, it also carries costs like interest fees and penalties if not managed responsibly. When applying for credit, lenders will consider an individual's credit history, income, existing debts, and assets to determine if they qualify.
Bank lending system
The presentation explains the concept of banking and its lending system. Different types of credit facilities as well as principles of sound lending are also discussed.
Credit monitoring
Credit monitoring is the ongoing supervision of a loan account to ensure the borrower continues to meet the terms of the loan sanction. It helps maintain asset quality and prevent slippage into NPA status. There are four stages of monitoring - pre-sanction, post-sanction pre-disbursement, during disbursement, and post-disbursement. Regular inspections, financial statement reviews, and verifying end-use of funds are some key monitoring activities. Early warning signs like delays in submission of documents or frequent requests for extensions should trigger corrective actions like discussions with the borrower to resolve issues impacting the business.
Banking theory law & Practice Unit IV.ppt
Loans and Advances
Principles of Good lending
Creditworthiness of borrowers
Securing advances
Lien
Pledge
Mortgage
Hypothecation
Documents of title to goods
Life Insurance Policy
Fixed Deposit Receipts
Mutual Funds
Government Securities
Gold Loans
Forms of lending
The document discusses various forms of lending provided by banks. It describes cash finance/cash credit, overdrafts, loans, purchase and discounting of bills, and hire-purchase/leasing finance. Cash finance allows borrowing up to a limit as needed, while overdrafts provide temporary adjustments. Loans involve lump sums paid for a period at interest. Purchase and discounting of bills advances money by deducting discount from bill values. Hire-purchase/leasing finance allows purchasing goods through installments. The principles of lending like safety, liquidity, security and diversification of risk are also outlined.
Asset product & liability Harish Deore
This document summarizes various asset products offered by banks. It discusses that assets for banks include loans provided to customers at different interest rates depending on the type of product. It outlines key housing, personal, property, agriculture, vehicle and credit/debit card loans. It also discusses investment products offered by banks. The presentation provides an overview of different asset classes and concludes with a snapshot of asset products.
Introduction to banking
The document provides a history of banking in India from the 1800s onwards in three phases. It discusses the key events like the establishment of presidency banks, creation of the Imperial Bank of India, nationalization of SBI and other banks. It also explains the basic functions of a bank like accepting deposits, lending money through various loan products, and services like letters of credit. The functions of current, savings and term deposits are described.
Factoring
One of the oldest forms of business financing, factoring is the cash-management tool of choice for many companies. Factoring is very common in certain industries, such as the clothing industry, where long receivables are part of the business cycle.
Receivable mgmt
The document discusses receivable management and outlines several objectives and factors related to managing accounts receivable. The key objectives of receivable management are to obtain optimal sales volume, control credit costs, maintain an optimal investment in accounts receivable, and maximize firm value. The nature of maintaining receivables involves risk, economic value, futurity, and credit sales/collection periods. Costs of maintaining receivables include credit department costs, credit evaluation costs, opportunity costs, discounted payment costs, selling/production costs, and bad debts costs. Factors affecting receivable size are credit sales volume, credit policy, trade terms, and seasonality of business.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Principles of credit lending
loan policy and investment management
The document discusses formulating loan policy and introduces investment management. It outlines the principles of formulating a loan policy including safety, liquidity, profitability and risk diversification. Major factors affecting loan policy are also examined such as credit-deposit ratio, targeted portfolio mix, ratings, pricing, collateral and capital adequacy. The document then defines investment, discusses investment management, and lists objectives and importance of investment management. It provides guidance on how to manage investments through robo advisors, online services or traditional advisors.
Chapter 6 commercial bank management .pptx
The document discusses various types of loans and credit facilities provided by banks to corporate clients. It describes RBI guidelines for regulating lending activities including credit allocation, exposure limits, interest regulations, and prudential norms. It also covers different kinds of loans such as short term, medium term, long term, fund based, non-fund based and asset based loans. Additionally, it discusses consortium lending and loan syndication where multiple banks jointly provide credit to large corporate borrowers.
NBFC.pptx
This document provides an overview of various sources of finance for non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) in India. It discusses long-term and short-term sources of finance, as well as internal and external sources. Specific sources covered include issuing shares, debentures, bonds, loans, leasing, mortgage loans, retained earnings, trade credit, asset sales, debt collection, factoring, public deposits, commercial banks, and commercial paper. For each source, it provides details on what it is and highlights some merits and limitations.
Sources of Finance Functions and Investment Policies of NBFIs in India RBI Gu...
Sources of Finance
Functions and Investment Policies of NBFIs in India
RBI Guidelines on NBFCs
Products offered by different NBFCs in India
Features of these Financial Products
CREDIT AND COLLECTION.pptx
This document discusses credit and credit management. It begins by defining credit as a trust that allows one party to provide resources to another who will repay later. It then outlines the importance of credit in facilitating business financing and economic growth. The document also defines various types of credit like cash credit, overdrafts, demand loans and term loans. It describes credit instruments like checks, drafts, promissory notes and bonds. The advantages of credit are noted as increasing consumption, savings and capital formation. Potential disadvantages include encouraging wasteful spending and economic instability.
133761133 2-project-financing-in-india-ppt
Project financing refers to financing large capital intensive projects with long timelines. Project financing in India relies on the project's assets and cash flows for security rather than the sponsors. It involves limited recourse to sponsors. Major sources of project financing in India include equity, preference shares, debentures, rupee and foreign currency term loans, government subsidies, deferred credit, and bank financing. Financing typically uses a mix of debt and equity tailored to each project's needs. Careful documentation is important for flexible project financing.
Banking
The document discusses guidelines related to management and classification of non-performing assets (NPAs) for banks. It defines what constitutes an NPA and provides classifications such as sub-standard, doubtful, and loss assets. It specifies timelines for classifying assets under each category and provisioning requirements ranging from 10-100% depending on the classification. The document also discusses income recognition policies for NPAs and outlines the broad components that should be included in an NPA management policy for banks.
Principle of lending
The document discusses principles of lending for banks. It covers key lending principles such as liquidity, safety, diversity, stability and profitability for banks' lending activities. It also discusses principles for individual loans including the 5 C's of lending (character, capacity, capital, collateral, conditions), types of security for loans (lien, negative lien, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage), and priority sector lending targets and categories (agriculture, micro/small enterprises, education, housing, weaker sections).
Lending Principles In Commercial Banking.ppt
General Principles of Lending:
When a request for a loan is received, it is important to ensure that the borrower has the legal capacity to borrow. The other matters upon which the information should be obtained are: the purpose of advance, the amount involved, the duration of the advance, the sources of repayment, the profitability of transaction, and, where applicable, the security offered. The most fundamental principle of all is that the bank should have confidence in the integrity, competence and continuing credit worthiness of the borrower.
• Know Your Customer:
While entertaining a proposal for advance, the branch has to first ensure compliance with the KYC norms.
• Pre- Sanction Stage:
Obtain/compile the following:
• Bio-data/declaration of assets owned by the borrower and guarantor along with latest income tax/wealth tax assessment copies and compilation of opinion reports.
• Particulars of immediate family members/legal heirs along with their father’s name and age.
• Audited balance sheets for the previous 3 years, estimated balance sheet for the current year and projected balance sheet for the next year.
• Particulars of existing borrowing arrangements and credit reports/no objection letters from existing banks if any.
• It should be followed by independent verification by the branch incumbent.
• Details of associate/group concerns, their borrowing arrangements and their latest balance sheets.
• No objection letter from term loan lender(s) if already financed by them and their permission/willingness to cede pari passu/ second charge on their security.
• The position of term working capital liabilities with various banks/FIs and details thereof viz., Limit, DP, Out standings, Irregularities (if any).
• Conduct a search/obtain a search report from Registrar of Companies to ascertain position of charges created already.
•
• Due Diligence:
• Branch Manager should do adequate Due Diligence before bringing an asset to the Bank’s books. This will avoid NPA.
• Thorough inquiry about the prospective borrower (with other banks, Financial Institutions, etc.) market intelligence, his past track record of performance and repayment of obligations, credit worthiness (Net Worth) must be done.
• Personal visit to his office/place of business will give an idea of his business.
• Processing of Applications:
While processing the applications, the following should be looked into and commented upon in the proposal:
• Due diligence on promoters’ background, their track record of repayment by checking with their existing bankers (NPA status) (any rephasements, any compromise entered into), credit worthiness, market reputation etc.
• Latest RBI defaulters’ list and willful defaulters' list —Company and their Directors.
• Bank’s loan policy.
• Contractual capacity of the borrower regarding borrowing powers/any restrictions on borrowings and names of persons authorized to borrow by verifications of:
• Partnership deed
Deposit_and_Investment_Products_in_Islam.pptx
This document provides an overview of deposit and investment products offered by Islamic banks. It discusses the key principles and structures of various Sharia-compliant deposit accounts, including current accounts based on wadi'a or qard models that provide safekeeping of funds without returns. Savings accounts also use wadi'a or mudharaba models to allow modest discretionary returns. Investment accounts are based on mudharaba and provide profit-and-loss sharing, with returns distributed periodically. The document outlines types of investment deposits and also discusses some of the implementation issues around providing guarantees or gifts within Islamic banking deposit products.
Hbl Financial Risk Management presentation by adnan Manzoor
The document discusses credit monitoring techniques used by banks. It explains that credit monitoring involves pre-disbursement and post-disbursement techniques to control loans and ensure repayment. Some key pre-disbursement techniques mentioned include checking credit history, conducting a 5C credit analysis, verifying property documents, and getting personal guarantees. Post-disbursement techniques include making site visits, requiring quarterly financial reports, verifying installment payments, and taking corrective action if needed. The purpose of these various techniques is to manage risk and secure repayment of loans.
Credit Management Practices of BDBL
This presentation provides insights on the Credit Management Practices of Bangladesh Development Bank Limited
Principle & Forms of Lending (USAMA 224).pptx
The document discusses various principles and forms of lending by banks. It explains that bank lending involves granting credit to borrowers at interest, based on collateral security to be repaid later. The key principles of sound lending are safety, liquidity, dispersal, security, and remuneration. The main forms of lending discussed are cash finance, overdrafts, loans, purchase and discounting of bills, and hire-purchase and leasing finance.
Lending unit 2
The document discusses the principles of good lending practices for banks. It outlines that banks should practice prudence, have good internal lending processes, and provide efficient customer service. Specifically, it states that banks should carefully evaluate borrowers' viability and repayment ability rather than focusing solely on security. It also advocates for risk diversification, clear credit policies, and timely communication with borrowers. The goal of lending is to provide loans and receive deposits, so banks should avoid overreliance on seizing collateral which can be counterproductive.
Commercial Lending By Banks.pptx
This presentation is about commercial lending, how to get loans, criteria, types, briefly discussion on commercial lending by banks.
SHORT TERM SOURCES OF FUNDS
INTRODUCTION
SOURCES OF FUNDS
SHORT TERM FINANCE - PURPOSES
SHORT-TERM SOURCES OF FUNDS
-Trade Credit
-Bank Credit
-Customer’s Advances
-Instalment Credit
-Loans from Co-operatives
-Indigenous Bankers
-Factoring
-Accrued Expenses
-Differed Incomes
-Commercial Papers
-Letter of Credit
-Public Deposits
CONCLUSION
Reserve Bank - Credit control
The document discusses the various methods used by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to control credit in the economy. It explains that commercial banks have the power to create credit through lending. The RBI uses quantitative methods like bank rate, open market operations, cash reserve ratio, and statutory liquidity ratio to control the total volume of credit. It also uses qualitative methods like rationing of credit, margin requirements, and directives to influence the use and direction of credit flows. The goal of RBI's credit control is to ensure stability in prices and exchange rates as well as maximize output and employment in the country.
Loans And Advances Chapter 4 new.pptx
1. The document discusses various types of loans and advances provided by banks, including secured and unsecured loans. It outlines principles of sound lending such as safety, liquidity, profitability, and security.
2. Common types of bank advances explained are loans, overdrafts, cash credits, bill discounting, purchasing bills, and letters of credit. Features of each type are provided along with examples.
3. The document also discusses factors considered in lending like the 3 C's of character, capacity and capital of borrowers. It distinguishes between primary and collateral securities taken for secured loans.
Financial Planning
Financial planning is the process of allocating financial resources to maximize the profitablity and wealth of the company. Financial planning depends on 3 questions What is company's current financial position?
Where does company wants to go?
How does the company get to its ending point/goal?
Similar to Principles of credit lending (20)
Sources of Finance Functions and Investment Policies of NBFIs in India RBI Gu...
Sources of Finance Functions and Investment Policies of NBFIs in India RBI Gu...
Hbl Financial Risk Management presentation by adnan Manzoor
Hbl Financial Risk Management presentation by adnan Manzoor
More from DevTech Finance
Bitcoin - The CryptoCurrency
Youtube Video Link - https://youtu.be/rBQjmv-Ey_M
This video covers top five things one must know related to bitcoin trading. It is gaining popularity as a whole new investment option with lucrative returns. (bitcoin meaning, how bitcoin works, apps for bitcoin trading, bitcoin returns)
Follow DevTech Finance on :-
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/devtechfinance/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/devtech-finance
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/devtechfinance/
Slideshare - https://www.slideshare.net/NishaNandani
Thank You For Watching
Please Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Cash Management
Youtube Video Link - https://youtu.be/XUVhuqlg6G0
This tends to cover the basics of cash management in terms of its meaning, objectives, functions and tools explained in simple manner. ( cash management, motives for holding cash, objectives of cash management, cash budget, cash flow statement).
Follow DevTech Finance on :-
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/devtechfinance/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/devtech-finance
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/devtechfinance/
Slideshare - https://www.slideshare.net/NishaNandani
Thank You For Watching
Please Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Portfolio Management
Watch full video on Youtube - https://youtu.be/Qmw15cG2Mv4
This video enhances your knowledge on portfolio management. It explains the meaning, types, process and objective of managing portfolio which comprises of stocks, mutual funds, commodities, metal, real estate etc. diversified sort of investments.(portfolio management)
Thank You
No Cost EMI - 0% Interest Loan
This video gives a detail on "No Cost EMI" scheme where consumer durable items can be purchased on easy installments on product purchase price.
Follow DevTech Finance on :-
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/devtechfinance/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/devtech-finance
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/devtechfinance/
Slideshare - https://www.slideshare.net/NishaNandani
Thank You For Watching
Please Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Health Insurance
Youtube Video Link - https://youtu.be/qLH5H5hHvQ4
Please Subscribe DevTech Finance on Youtube.
All major aspects you need to know about Health Insurance is covered in the video.
Face Value, Book Value & Market Value
Face Value is the original value of share issued mentioned in the share certificate at beginning when co. gets listed on stock exchange.
Face value does not change and stay constant unless stock is split.
Book Value is the Net worth of the Co.
Net worth = Total assets – Total liabilities.
Book value per Share equals : Net Worth / Total No. of O/s Shares
A company's book value is the amount that the shareholders would receive after all assets were liquidated and liabilities paid off.
Market Value is the current trading price of the stock quoted on exchange.
Market value is calculated by multiplying the total number of shares outstanding with the current market price of a share.
Book value and market value are both helpful in calculating whether a stock is fairly valued, overvalued or undervalued.
Follow DevTech Finance on :-
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/devtechfinance/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/devtech-finance
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/devtechfinance/
Thank You For Watching
Please Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Loan Moratorium Period.
Watch full video on youtube - click on the link below
https://youtu.be/vW7zI25gZ-E
Moratorium period refers to the particular duration in the loan tenure when the borrower is not required to make any repayment in form of EMI. This period is also known as EMI holiday. Moratorium in terms of law means delay or suspension of an activity in a legal context.
PURPOSE - Usually, such breaks are offered to help individuals facing temporary financial difficulties or to help them plan their repayment well.
INTEREST - Borrower can opt to serve interest during moratorium period or after moratorium period in form of higher EMI. Simple interest is charged for the number of months borrower have taken the moratorium on the loan principal amount outstanding.
Generally you will find moratorium period in home loan, education loan, project finance etc.
Follow DevTech Finance on :-
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/devtechfinance/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/company/devtech-finance
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/devtechfinance/
Thank You For Watching
Please Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Hire Purchase
The document discusses hire purchase, a system where a person can purchase an asset by making a down payment and paying the remaining balance in installments. There are typically three parties involved - the seller, a financing company, and the hirer/purchaser. The hirer obtains possession of the asset after the down payment but the seller retains ownership until final payment. The hirer makes installment payments over an agreed period and can own the asset outright after the final installment. If payments are missed, the seller can repossess the asset.
Infrastructure Financing
Youtube Video Link -
https://youtu.be/i6C2lRQx8WY
Infrastructure refers to the physical structure and facilities needed for development of an area and operation of economy & society.
Major projects covered under definition of infrastructure are roads, bridges, highways, port, railways, airport, sanitation, sewerage system, industrial park, broadband network, telecommunication network and internet setup.
In earlier days development of infrastructure was considered to be responsibility of government and there was no role of private sector involvement.
Due to drawbacks like limited capital, slow development and quality of service, private companies were engaged in this sector.
This led to existence of Public Private Partnership Model (PPP Model) which involved contractual partnership between government and private sector companies to operate infrastructure projects.
Infrastructure Financing
With growing prominence of infrastructure in economic development, big corporates like Tatas, Birlas and Ambanis invested capital in setting up of infrastructure development companies.
Compared to other sectors, the demand for bank loan from infrastructure projects was huge and this came as an opportunity for banks to encash big projects.
To provide huge loan requirements for these infra projects, banks started the concept of corporate funding like consortium finance, loan syndication which involved multiple banks coming together to advance the credit/ loan.
As per RBI guidelines the amount of loan sanctioned should be within overall ceiling of prudential exposure as prescribed for infrastructure financing.
RBI also mentioned that the Banks/ FIs should have the requisite expertise for credit evaluation of infra projects in terms of financial viability, technical feasibility, risk & sensitivity analysis, due diligence.
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Recovery Management In Banking
Youtube Video Link - https://youtu.be/AJsUYo2GqvE
Banks need to recover the money lent to the borrowers. In case the funds lend becomes npa; it hampers whole banking business and decrease profitability.
“Recovery” is defined as the process of regaining and saving something lost and “Management” is the process of planning, organizing and controlling activities to achieve the objectives of business efficiently.
Recovery Management is thus concerned with designing and implementing a collection of strategy to recover the debts without losing customers.
Recovery measures could be legal and non-legal :- Banks could adopt legal measures to recover loans by filing a suit in civil court or filing an application before the DRTs. Before taking legal actions banks generally give frequent reminders by calls, messages, mails and visit to borrower’s place which is considered as non-legal measures without intervention of court.
Major reasons behind defaults :- Lack of credit evaluation, Inadequacy of collateral security/ equitable mortgage against loan, Lack of follow up measures, Default due to natural calamities etc.
Thank You For Watching
Please Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Board of Directors
Youtube Video link -
https://youtu.be/QxQYccE9PL0
DIRECTOR – According to Companies Act, A director may be defined as a person having control over the direction, conduct, management or superintendence of the affairs of a company. Anyone one who is in the power to perform the duties and responsibilities of a director will be called as director by virtue of his function irrespective of, by what name he is called.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS - A board of directors include all directors elected by a corporation's shareholders to represent their interests and ensure that the company's management acts on their behalf. The Board has extensive power to manage a company, delegate decision making power to executives and ensure that company’s objectives are achieved in compliance with the provisions of the Articles of Association. The board shall exercise its power subject to provisions contained in Articles, Memorandum, Central Govt. and Company law board.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR – The full time working director of the company responsible towards shareholder’s interest and company’s profitability.
NON-EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR – They are not involved in everyday working of the company. They take part in planning, policy-making and attends board meeting of the company.
INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR – They are the directors who do not have any relationship with the company which might influence their decisions or judgments. They are the person with integrity, experience and expertise.
NOMINEE DIRECTOR – They are appointed in a company to ensure that the affairs of the company are conducted in a manner dictated by the laws governing companies and there is no oppression or mismanagement.
ALTERNATE DIRECTOR – Appointed to attend, speak and vote in a board meeting on behalf of the director of a company who would be unable to attend.
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe To DevTech Finance
Inventory Management
https://youtu.be/PuhgTVN_E_I
Click on the link to watch full video on youtube
Inventory means stock of goods like raw material, work in progress, stores of finished goods, consumables etc.
Inventory management means planning, organizing, handling and storing adequate level of inventory with optimized cost to meet consumer’s demand.
There are two most significant costs involved in managing inventory (ordering cost and carrying cost)
Inventory occupy 50–80% of the total current assets of the business concern. It is very essential part of working capital management and production management.
ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) refers to the optimum level of inventory at which the total cost of inventory comprising ordering cost and carrying cost is minimum maintaining the forecasted demand adequacy.
FORMULA : EOQ = √2AO / C
A - Annual consumption, O - Ordering cost per order, C - Carrying cost (expressed in percentage terms of purchase price per unit)
A-B-C ANALYSIS OF INVENTORY
It is the inventory management technique that divide inventory into three categories based on the value and volume of the inventories.
In most inventories a small proportion of items accounts for substantial usage and high monetary value while a large proportion of items accounts for small usage and low monetary value.
ABC analysis advocates a selective approach to classify and focus greater concentration on inventory items accounting for high monetary value and bulk usage.
Thank you for watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Money Market
The document discusses the money market, which provides short-term borrowing and lending between financial institutions, corporations, and governments. It describes the key functions of the money market in providing liquidity and facilitating monetary policy. Some of the main features highlighted include transactions occurring without brokers between players like banks for maturities under one year. Common money market instruments explained are treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, call money, banker's acceptances, and repurchase agreements.
Consortium Finance
Click on the link to watch full video-
https://youtu.be/mQuFxUCmZOs
The quantum of fund required by big businesses/ corporates for various purposes like expansion, equipment purchase, plant set up, working capital etc. is huge which involves high risk for a single bank to provide the loan required.
Consortium finance is the way by which few banks come together and extend the loan facilities by sharing the loan amount between themselves.
This is also known as joint financing. Loan requirements of government and public sector units are also financed through consortium.
Thank you for watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Indian Banking System
Click on the link below to watch full video on youtube -
https://youtu.be/gZ_2NLjG9SQ
The term ‘bank’ is derived from the French word ‘Banco’ which means a Bench or Money exchange table.
A bank is a financial institution that provides banking and other financial services to their customers such as accepting deposits, lending loans, money transfer and selling third party products like insurance, mutual fund and portfolio management.
When banks accept deposits its liabilities increase as it has to pay interest to the customer but when it provides loans/ advances its assets increases as it earns interest.
As financial intermediaries, banks stand between depositors who supply capital and borrowers who demand capital.
The functions of commercial banks can be broadly categorized into : a) Primary functions b) Secondary functions
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe To DevTech Finance
CRM Models
This document discusses several models for customer relationship management (CRM). It describes the IDIC model which involves identifying customers, differentiating them, interacting with them, and customizing products/services for each customer. It also outlines the QCI model which examines how external environment, customer experience, infrastructure, and processes work together in customer management. Additionally, it summarizes the CRM value chain model which divides CRM into primary stages of analyzing customer portfolio, developing customer intimacy/networks, and managing the customer lifecycle, supported by leadership, technology, people and processes. The five step process model focuses on strategy development, value creation, multichannel integration, information management and performance assessment.
Accounting Concepts & Conventions
ACCOUNTING CONCEPTS:-
1. SEPARATE ENTITY CONCEPT – According to this concept, business is considered as a separate legal entity which has its distinct identity separate from its owner. This concept is extremely useful in keeping business affairs strictly free from private affairs of owner. This is the reason why withdrawal by owner from business is treated as drawing.
2. GOING CONCERN CONCEPT – According to this concept, it is assumed that business is established and will continue for a fairly long time in future. This is the reason why while valuing assets of firm current resale value is not taken into account instead depreciation is charge on basis of their expected life.
3. MONEY MEASUREMENT CONCEPT – According to this concept, accounting should necessarily record only those transactions which can be expressed in monetary terms. This is the reason why qualitative facts like change in management are not recorded in books of account.
4. COST CONCEPT – This concept is closely related to going concern concept and emphasizes that asset should be recorded at its cost price and not market price which keeps on changing.
5. DUAL ASPECT CONCEPT – The dual aspect concept states that every business transaction requires recordation in two different accounts. The concept is derived from the accounting equation, which states that: Assets = Liabilities + Equity .The accounting equation is made visible in the balance sheet, where the total amount of assets listed must equal the total of all liabilities and equity.
6. ACCOUNTING PERIOD CONCEPT – According to this concept, accounting should measure transactions at regular intervals for a specified period of time called accounting period. Necessary financial disclosures and reporting need to be made at the end of accounting period which may be quarterly, half-yearly or yearly.
7. MATCHING CONCEPT – This concept is also known as periodic matching of cost and revenue. According to this concept, profits made by business in particular accounting period can be ascertained only when the revenues earned during the period are compared with the expenses incurred in earning the revenue.
NBFC
To watch full video click on the link below-
https://youtu.be/C7SkShIESa0
NBFC are institutions or entities that provide financial / banking services but do not hold banking license.
These entities are registered under Companies Act.
Provides banking services like facilitating loan, financial advisory, wealth management, investment, leasing, underwriting, merger activities, general insurance etc.
Cannot accept demand deposits i.e. Current A/c and Saving A/c.
Examples – Bajaj Finserv, Muthoot Finance Ltd, IL&FS, Aditya Birla Finance Ltd. Etc.
Also referred as Shadow banking system
Thank You For Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
NPCI
To watch full video click on the link below-
https://youtu.be/RRgkQ7lSdqM
NPCI, an initiative of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Indian Banking Association (IBA) is an umbrella organization for operating retail payments and settlement systems in India.
It functions under provision of Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007.
It is a not-for-profit organization set up under the provisions of Section 25 of Companies Act, 1956 (amended as Sec 8 of Companies Act 2013).
Facilitates easy access to online payment services with variety of banking products and services.
Products offered by NPCI
IMPS (Immediate Payment Service) is an instant payment inter-bank electronic funds transfer system in India. Unlike NEFT and RTGS, the service is available 24*7 throughout the year.
NFS (National Financial Switch) is the largest network of shared ATMs in India facilitating convenience banking.
AePS (Aadhaar-enabled Payment Service) is a bank led model that allows financial transaction at PoS of any bank using the Aadhaar authentication through the retail merchant.
CTS (Cheque Truncation System) facilitates uses of digital signature or encryption methods to prevent manipulation of data during transition of cheque clearance.
UPI (Unique Payments Interface) is a system that makes multiple bank accounts to be accessed from a single mobile application using mobile no. or UPI id as unique transaction address.
Thank you for Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
Credit Monitoring
Watch out full video on Youtube. Click on the link below-
https://youtu.be/48r3LhGRX_A
Credit monitoring is the continuous process of reviewing and following loan accounts, asset quality and credit reports to judge the accuracy and standard of loan asset.
Whenever loan is granted to customer, banker is required to ensure that it remains a standard asset and does not turn out to be non-performing asset.
Pre-disbursement Care
Sanction letter shall be issued detailing various terms and conditions on which the loan has been approved.
Acknowledgement letter should be obtained from borrower stating that he/she has well understood and noted the terms of sanction.
Security documents along with acknowledgement letter should be kept aside properly.
Credit report should be reviewed periodically to ensure that there are no adversity causing risk to loan recovery.
Documentation should be done in proper format with all signatures as a part of due diligence.
End use verification to ensure legality of purpose.
Post-disbursement Care
Post-disbursement monitoring involves both onsite monitoring (visiting the unit) and offsite monitoring (scrutiny of records)
OFFSITE MONITORING INVOLVES :-
Study of Quarterly Information System, Monthly Select Operational Data, Cash Budget and Financial Statements
Stock Statement Verification
Scrutiny of the register and bills
Annual report containing director’s report, management discussion analysis, auditor’s report and financial statements
Comparison of actual financials with projected one on the basis of which loan was sanctioned
ONSITE MONITORING INVOLVES :-
Physical verification of stock
Check whether all machinery are working in good condition
Checking of Register Books ( Sales register, Purchase register, Production register, Stock register)
Invoices and utility bills
No. of skilled and unskilled workers in the unit
Thank you for Watching
Subscribe to DevTech Finance
More from DevTech Finance (20)
Recently uploaded
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Principles of credit lending
- 1. DEVTECH FINANCE CREDIT MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF CREDIT LENDING
- 3. SAFETY • The Banker should ensure that the funds lent are safe and would be repaid by the borrower as per the terms of sanction. • The credit policy and the guidelines of the bank helps to take proper decision safety of loans granted. • Since the major source of loan given is deposit that belong to customers the banker should ensure that amount lent would be received back with interest.
- 4. LIQUIDITY • The ability of bank to convert the assets into cash. Entire amount that a bank mobilizes as deposits cannot be lent. A portion of the deposits should be kept with RBI in form of CRR and another sizeable portion as SLR should be invested in approved securities. • RBI changes CRR and SLR as part of credit policy announcements to control the money supply in the economy. • If money supply is more RBI tends to increase the CRR so that the lendable funds with commercial banks are reduced and vice-versa.
- 5. SECURITY • The asset acquired out of bank finance is the primary security for the loan borrowed. • If higher risk is involved in the loan, additional security is required in form of immovable property or securities termed as collateral. • Collateral security is sold as last resort by the bank in case the borrower defaults in repayment despite various steps taken.
- 6. SPREAD • Entire credit cannot be granted to an individual customer or a particular industry or a particular location. • Credit should be spread across various sectors and different classes of people and different geographical areas. • Diversification to mitigate risk involved in credit business. • Priority sector lending mandated by govt. for development of economy & society as whole.
- 7. PURPOSE • The loan granted should be for an approved purpose and productive activity. • The purpose of loan should be for a business that is legally permissible and economically feasible. • The banker expect from the customer to repay the dues from business income and thus gives utmost importance to viability of the project for which credit is granted.
- 8. PROFITABILITY • Profit as in all the business is the main objective of banking business as well. • Increase customer base and revenue. • Cost benefit analysis. • Capturing market share.
- 9. POLICY VALIDATION • RBI credit policy • Banks credit policy • Priority sector lending • Not opposed to national interest • Basel Norms
- 10. THANK YOU FOR WATCHING DEVTECH FINANCE