This PPT teach about feeding standards, its includes all feeding standard given by different scientist

1. Dr. Pramod Kumar
Assistant Professor-cum-Junior Scientist
Department Of Livestock Farm Complex
Bihar Veterinary College
Patna-14
1

2. What is feeding standards?
 Feeding standards are the statements of the amount of
nutrients required by animals.
 Feeding standards may be expressed in quantities of
nutrients present in dietary proportions.
 Feeding standards should be consider as guides and
flexible rules in computation of rations to individual
animals and groups of animals in farm.
2

3. Objectives of Feeding Standards
 To Guide Farmers to selecting properly balanced
rations for their livestock.
 To classify different physiological functions like
growth , maintenance , lactation , egg production and
wool growth.
 Considering individual animal for preparation of FS
due to their ability to digest and utilize feed.
3

4. Name Protein Energy
NRC(USA) CP ,DCP TDN,DE,ME,NE
ARC(UK) DCP,AP DE,ME
USSR DCP TDN,OU
Scandinavia(Denmark,
Norway, Sweden)
DTP FU
German DCP SE
Japanese CP,DCP TDN ,DE
India DCP TDN,SE
Various Feeding Standards of World
Ap=Available Protein
OU=Oat Unit
FU=Feed Unit
SE=Starch Equivalent
DE=Digestible Energy
ME=Metabolizable Energy
NE=Net Energy
4

5. Feeding
Standards
Comparative
Feeding
standard
Digestive
Nutrient FS
Productive FS
Hay’s FS
Scandinavian FS
Grouven’s FS
Wolff ‘s FS
Haecker’s FS
Morrison’s FS
NRC
Indian standards
Kellener’s FS
Armby’s FS
ARC
5

6. Old Days Feeding Standard
Thear’s Feeding
Standard
1810 Hay equivalent(meadow hay to
compare other feeds)
Magendie’ and his
coworkers
1836 Essentiality of food nitrogen
Grouven’s FS 1859 1st FS contain protein, carbohydrate
and fat
Wolff’s FS 1864 Based on Digestible Protein, fats and
carbohydrates
Not considering
maintenance and
production
requirements
Kuhan’s FS 1867 considering maintenance, production,
allowances for milk quantity
requirements
Scandanavian FS 1884 Similar to hay equivalent 1 pound of common
grain such as maize,
barley, wheat as 1unit
for comparing 6

7. Middle Days Feeding Standard
Wolff-Lehmann FS 1864 Digestive protein,
digestive fat and digestive
carbohydrate.
Haecker’ FS 1903-1914 FS not only with quantity of
milk also depends on quality
of milk.
Savage’ FS 1912 Requirements express in
terms of DCP and TDN.
Frap’s Fs Based on DM ,DCP and
Productive value.
Kellner’s FS 1907 Starch Equivalent, which is
based on Net energy and
digestible true protein.
Armsby ‘ FS 1917 Based on true potein and net
energy.(Net Energy System)
7

8. Present Day Feeding Standards
Morrison’ FS 1915 Based on DM,DCP and
TDN
National Research
council’s Standard
1943 Nutrient requirement of
live stocks
Agricultural Research
Council Standard
1965 Based on Starch
equivalent
Japanese Feeding
Standard
1975 Based on protein, energy,
mineral and vitamins
Indian Feeding
Standard(ICAR)
1998 Based on Mid Morrison's
value
8

9. Agricultural Research Council Standard
 The agriculture research council of UK with its
technical committee on the nutrient requirement
published a bulletin of ration for livestock and poultry
nutrition in 1865-67.
 In this standard starch equivalent has been taken as a
unit expressing energy requirements of cattle in place
of TDN/ME/NE.
 Rumen degradable and undegradable protein system
proposed by ARC(1980).
9

10. National Research Council
 In USA National Research council and US Department
of Agriculture(USDA) has been publishing the
nutrient requirements for all types of farm animals
since 1945.
 The nutrient requirement is based on size of the
animal and unit of production to be achieved.
 These standards are being followed for practical
feeding of the livestock in number of countries.
10

11. Indian Feeding Standard
 On the basis of work carried out in india, Sen and Ray
published nutrient requirements for cattle and
buffaloes in 1964 and revised by Ray and Ranjan
in1978.
 Nutrient requirements of Indian livestock and poultry
was ultimately published by ICAR in1985.
11

12. Morrison’s Feeding Standard
 He published his own FS in 1915.
 Its also called ‘Modified Wolff and Lehmann
standard’.
 Morrison FS indicate the nutrition requirement of
an animals in range rather than in one figure.
 It is based on DM,DCP and TDN.
 Morrison include the allowances for Ca, P,
Carotene.
 The average of Morrison’ FS have been accepted for
Indian livestock.
12

13. Armsby Feeding Standard
 Armsby published FS based on true protein
and net energy values in 1917.
 By used of respiration calorimeter he
determined the net energy.
 Armsby standard is not as widely used as are
the standard based on digestible nutrient.
13

14. Thanks
14