This document discusses feed additives that alter animal metabolism. It defines feed additives as materials used in animal nutrition to improve feed efficiency, promote faster gains, improve health, and increase production. Major categories of feed additives are discussed, including beta-agonists, hormones, organic acids, probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, and botanicals. The document specifically focuses on additives that alter metabolism, explaining how beta-agonists, hormones, organic acids, probiotics, enzymes, and botanicals function to influence metabolism and support growth, health, and production. Consequences of stopping the use of these additives are also mentioned, such as lessening meat/livestock production and increasing costs.

1. FEED ADDITIVES
THAT ALTER
METABOLISM.
AN EFFORT BY:
TEAN ZAHEER
DVM,FVS

2. Feed Additives:
Materials used in animal
nutrition to :
-improve feed efficiency
-promote faster gains
-improve animal health
-increase production of animal products

3. MAJOR CATEGORIES OF FEED
ADDITIVES
 Anti bacterials & Antibiotics.
 Chemotherapeutics.
 Organic Acids
 Probiotics & Prebiotics.
 Enzymes.
 Botanicals.
 Carcass Modifiers.
 Flavours.
 Aromas.
 Mold inhibitor.
 Mycotoxin Binders.
 Odour Modifiers.
 Hormones.
 Beta-adrenergic agonist (ß-agonist).

4. CLASSIFICATION

5. FEED ADDITIVES THAT ALTER
METABOLISM
 Beta-adrenergic agonist (ß-agonist).
 Hormones (somatotropin (ST) growth hormones).
 Organic Acids
 Probiotics & Prebiotics.
 Enzymes.
 Botanicals.
 Carcass Modifiers.

6. Beta-agonists
 naturally occurring and synthetic organic compounds.
 share a common chemical structure with “phenethanolamines”.
 Orally effective dose is 5-30 ppm.
 Only two such compounds are approved by FDA (ractopamine
hydrochloride).
 FUNCTION:
 Increase skeletal muscle growth and
 decrease adipose tissue accumulation in growing animals.

7. Hormones
 Anabolic hormones and somatotrophins influence metabolism.
 FUNCTIONS:
 Co-ordinates lipid, protein & mineral metabolism.
 Increase muscle growth.
 Decreases fat accumulation in growing animals.
 Increase milk yield.

8. Organic acids
is an organic compound with acidic properties.
 FUNCTIONS:
o organic acids reduce pH in the stomach, which
optimises conditions for pepsin activity, and
o increases the digestibility of nitrogen, phosphorus and
several minerals.

9. Probiotics & Prebiotics
 Probiotics are beneficial microbes.
 Prebiotics are undigestible fibers that help stabilize
beneficial microbes.
 FUNCTIONS:
 Probiotic bacteria creates acidic environment
 Increase pepsin activity.
 Helps in mineral absorption.

10. Enzymes
 Aids in digestibility by making nutrients more
bioavailable to the animal .
 May increase the effectiveness of host enzmes.
 Improve digestion / absorption of nutrients.
 Examples:
 Phytase, cellusase, amylase e.t.c.

11. Botanicals
 comprise a wide variety of herbs, spices, and products
derived thereof, and are mainly essential oils.
 FUNCTIONS:
o reduced bacterial colony counts
o a greater nutrient digestion
o reflecting an overall improved gut equilibrium.

12. If we stop using these then it
may:
 Lessen meat and livestock production.
 Higher production costs.
 More feed may be required.
 Increase in death loss.
 Increase vet bills.

13. REFERENCES
 Banerjee,G.C.1999.Feeds & Principles of Animal
Nutrition. Oxford, IBH Publishing Co . Pvt .New Delhi
India.
 www.fefana.org
 www.poultry Hub.org
 www.biofeedtech.com/en/products/poultry.html
 www.fao.org.