This document provides an overview of spintronics presented by Prince Kushwahe. It introduces spintronics as a field that utilizes the spin of electrons in addition to their charge. Future demands for spintronics are discussed due to limitations of Moore's Law. Key devices are summarized including giant magnetoresistance, spin valves, tunnel magnetoresistance, and magnetic RAM. Research areas like spin transistors, magnetic semiconductors, and spin injection are also covered. The document concludes that spintronics may lead to new devices fusing logic, storage, and sensing to advance computing.
Spintronics is a NANO technology which deals with spin dependent properties of an electron instead of charge dependent properties.
One of the main advantage of spintronics over electronics is the magnets tend to stay magnetize which is sparking in the industry an interest for replacing computer’s semiconductor based components with magnetic ones, starting with the RAM.
With an all-magnetic RAM, it is now possible to have a computer that retains all the information put into it. Most importantly, there will be no ‘boot-up’ waiting period when power is turned on.
Another promising feature of spintronics is that it doesn’t require the use of unique and specialized semiconductor, there by allowing it to work with common metals like Cu, Al, Ag.
Spintronics will use less power than conventional electronics, because the energy needed to change spin is a minute fraction of what is needed to push charge around.
Conventional electronic devices ignore the spin property and rely strictly on the transport of the electrical charge of electrons.
Adding the spin degree of freedom provides new effects, new capabilities and new functionalities.
IEEE presentation based on Spintronics & its semiconductor application specifically.
In the conclusion there is a hyperlink of a video which i'm unable to put here and hence i will give you the address of the video so that you can use the video and make the same hyperlink as i had made here.
TEDxCaltech-David Awschalom - Spintronics ( On YouTube)
video : 6:21- 7:13 (in video)
A small and brief introduction to spintronics and it's applications. Spintronics has tremendous applications in storage devices,Missile giudance, sensors etc.,
In this presentation file, i have briefly explained about Spintronics. it is a really new and a good concept for pressentation purpose. Hope it is helpful to you.
Spintronics is a NANO technology which deals with spin dependent properties of an electron instead of charge dependent properties.
One of the main advantage of spintronics over electronics is the magnets tend to stay magnetize which is sparking in the industry an interest for replacing computer’s semiconductor based components with magnetic ones, starting with the RAM.
With an all-magnetic RAM, it is now possible to have a computer that retains all the information put into it. Most importantly, there will be no ‘boot-up’ waiting period when power is turned on.
Another promising feature of spintronics is that it doesn’t require the use of unique and specialized semiconductor, there by allowing it to work with common metals like Cu, Al, Ag.
Spintronics will use less power than conventional electronics, because the energy needed to change spin is a minute fraction of what is needed to push charge around.
Conventional electronic devices ignore the spin property and rely strictly on the transport of the electrical charge of electrons.
Adding the spin degree of freedom provides new effects, new capabilities and new functionalities.
IEEE presentation based on Spintronics & its semiconductor application specifically.
In the conclusion there is a hyperlink of a video which i'm unable to put here and hence i will give you the address of the video so that you can use the video and make the same hyperlink as i had made here.
TEDxCaltech-David Awschalom - Spintronics ( On YouTube)
video : 6:21- 7:13 (in video)
A small and brief introduction to spintronics and it's applications. Spintronics has tremendous applications in storage devices,Missile giudance, sensors etc.,
In this presentation file, i have briefly explained about Spintronics. it is a really new and a good concept for pressentation purpose. Hope it is helpful to you.
Very basic introduction to latest emerging technology in electronics called SPINTRONICS.
Quantum Mechanics property of electron called SPIN combine with the electronic property of electron .i.e SPIN+ELECTRONICS=SPINTRONICS
In our conventional electronic devices we use semi conducting materials for logical operation and magnetic materials for storage, but spintronics uses magnetic materials for both purposes. These spintronic devices are more versatile and faster than the present one. One such device is Spin Valve Transistors (SVT).
Spin valve transistor is different from conventional transistor. In this for conduction we use spin polarization of electrons. Only electrons with correct spin polarization can travel successfully through the device. These transistors are used in data storage, signal processing, automation and robotics with less power consumption and results in less heat. This also finds its application in Quantum computing, in which we use Qubits instead of bits.
a branch of nano electronics that will improve technology by adding new freedom degrees to electronic for transfer and store information better than electronic devices :)
The developing technology, the future, a tech that can replace the electronics era itself.
Few information about the tech and the fundamentals of Spintronics.
Very basic introduction to latest emerging technology in electronics called SPINTRONICS.
Quantum Mechanics property of electron called SPIN combine with the electronic property of electron .i.e SPIN+ELECTRONICS=SPINTRONICS
In our conventional electronic devices we use semi conducting materials for logical operation and magnetic materials for storage, but spintronics uses magnetic materials for both purposes. These spintronic devices are more versatile and faster than the present one. One such device is Spin Valve Transistors (SVT).
Spin valve transistor is different from conventional transistor. In this for conduction we use spin polarization of electrons. Only electrons with correct spin polarization can travel successfully through the device. These transistors are used in data storage, signal processing, automation and robotics with less power consumption and results in less heat. This also finds its application in Quantum computing, in which we use Qubits instead of bits.
a branch of nano electronics that will improve technology by adding new freedom degrees to electronic for transfer and store information better than electronic devices :)
The developing technology, the future, a tech that can replace the electronics era itself.
Few information about the tech and the fundamentals of Spintronics.
The concept, application of Giant Magneto Resistance is being discussed in the slides
The discovery of this phenomenon has caused vast developments in the field of spintronics
very basic introduction of newly emerging technology in electronics called SPINTRONICS.
Quantum mechanics property called SPIN based electronics technology using both quantum mechanical and electronics property of electron i.e "SPIN+ELECTRONICS=SPINTRONICS"
MOLECULES (and specially SAMs) have a great POTENTIAL for spintronics. In this presentation I will show you some of the possibilities offered by molecules in the construction of spintronic devices.
Spintronics also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices
Spintronics is the new technology that is used in nano technology or difficult projects.The rotation of electrons is called Spintronics.I hoped this topic is useful for you and your study.
The future memory device which is currently under development by IBM. Race track memory overcomes both the limitations of hard disk and solid state memory by giving high storage density than solid state drive and high transfer speed than hard disk at low price .
At a time when the end of Moore's Law is imminent, the quest for a suitable alternative finds a possible destination at Spintronicsl trlying on the spin of an electron instead of its charge. Magnetoresistive RAM uses electron spin and associated magnetic moment for memory purposes.
MRAM promises to be the Holy Grail of the memory world, promising features like amazingly high endurance, low power, non volatility, reduced read and write times, among many others.
Unix is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties from the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial variants of Unix from vendors such as the University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), IBM (AIX) and Sun Microsystems (Solaris). AT&T finally sold its rights in Unix to Novell in the early 1990s, which then sold its Unix business to the Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) in 1995,[4] but the UNIX trademark passed to the industry standards consortium The Open Group, which allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems compliant with the Single UNIX Specification. Among these is Apple's OS X, which is the Unix version with the largest installed base as of 2014.
C++ is a general-purpose programming language. It has imperative, object-oriented and generic programming features, while also providing the facilities for low-level memory manipulation.
It is designed with a bias toward system programming (e.g., for use in embedded systems or operating system kernels), with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design requirements. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, including desktop applications, servers (e.g. e-commerce, web search or SQL servers), performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes), and entertainment software. C++ is a compiled language, with implementations of it available on many platforms and provided by various organizations, including the FSF, LLVM, Microsoft and Intel.
Java is a functional computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is intended to let application developers "write once, run anywhere" (WORA),meaning that code that runs on one platform does not need to be recompiled to run on another. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture. Java is, as of 2015, one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers. Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since merged into Oracle Corporation) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The language derives much of its syntax from C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them.
The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licences. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Others have also developed alternative implementations of these Sun technologies, such as the GNU Compiler for Java (bytecode compiler), GNU Classpath (standard libraries), and IcedTea-Web (browser plugin for applets).
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the human-like intelligence exhibited by machines or software. The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a number of sciences and professions converge, including computer science, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience, as well as other specialized fields such as artificial psychology. Major AI researchers and textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents",[1] where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.[2] John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955,[3] defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".[4]
AI research is highly technical and specialised, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.[5] Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.
The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.[6] General intelligence (or "strong AI") is still among the field's long term goals.[7] Currently popular approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence and traditional symbolic AI. There are an enormous number of tools used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics, and many others.
Topology is the arrangement of the various elements of a computer network.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network, including its nodes and connecting lines.
A computer network is made of computers which are linked to one another with communication lines (network cables, etc.) and hardware elements (network adapters, as well as other equipment for ensuring that data travels correctly.
The downlink of a satellite circuit is the one in which the satellite is trans- mitting the signal and the earth station is receiving it.
The free space and other losses are calculated for the downlink frequency.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
3. Introduction to Spintronics
*Conventional electronic devices
ignore the spin property and
rely strictly on the transport
of the electrical charge of
electrons
*Adding the spin degree of
freedom provides new effects,
new capabilities and new
functionalities
4. Future Demands
• Moore’s Law states that the number of transistors
on a silicon chip will roughly double every eighteen
months
• By 2015, it is projected that the width of the
electrodes in a microprocessor will be 45nm across
• As electronic devices become smaller, quantum
properties of the wavelike nature of electrons are
no longer negligible
• Spintronics devices offer the possibility of
enhanced functionality, higher speed, and reduced
power consumption
5. Advantages of Spin
• Information is stored into spin as one of two possible
orientations
• Spin lifetime is relatively long, on the order of
nanoseconds
• Spin currents can be manipulated
• Spin devices may combine logic and storage
functionality eliminating the need for separate
components
• Magnetic storage is nonvolatile
• Binary spin polarization offers the possibility of
applications as qubits in quantum computers
6. GMR
• 1988 France, GMR discovery is accepted as birth
of spintronics.
• A Giant MagnetoResistive device is made of at
least two ferromagnetic layers separated by a
spacer layer.
• When the magnetization of the two outside
layers is aligned, lowest resistance
• Conversely when magnetization vectors are
antiparallel, high R.
• Small fields can produce big effects.
• parallel and perpendicular current.
7. Parallel Current GMR
• Current runs parallel between the ferromagnetic
layers.
• Most commonly used in magnetic read heads.
• Has shown 200% resistance difference between
zero point and antiparallel states
8. Spin Valve
• Simplest and most successful spintronic
device
• Used in HDD to read information in the
form of small magnetic fields above the
disk surface
9. Perpendicular Current GMR
• Easier to understand theoretically, think
of one FM layer as spin polarizer and
other as detector
• Has shown 70% resistance difference
between zero point and antiparallel
states
• Basis for Tunneling MagnetoResistance
10. Tunnel Magnetoresistance
• Tunnel Magnetoresistive effect combines the two spin
channels in the ferromagnetic materials and the quantum
tunnel effect
• TMR junctions have resistance ratio of about 70%
• MgO barrier junctions have produced 230% MR
11. MRAM
• MRAM uses magnetic storage elements instead of
electric used in conventional RAM
• Tunnel junctions are used to read the information
stored in Magnetoresistive Random Access
Memory, typically a”0” for zero point
magnetization state and “1” for antiparallel state
12. MRAM
• Attempts were made to control bit writing by using
relatively large currents to produce fields
• This proves unpractical at nanoscale level
13. Spin Transfer
• Current passed through a magnetic field becomes spin
polarized
• This flipping of magnetic spins applies a relatively
large torque to the magnetization within the external
magnet
• This torque will pump energy to the magnet causing
its magnetic moment to precess
• If damping force is too small, the current spin
momentum will transfer to the nanomagnet, causing
the magnetization will flip
• Unwanted effect in spin valves
• Possible applications in memory writing
14. MRAM
• The spin transfer mechanism can be used to write
to the magnetic memory cells
• Currents are about the same as read currents,
requiring much less energy
16. Spin Transistor
• Ideal use of MRAM would utilize control of the
spin channels of the current
• Spin transistors would allow control of the spin
current in the same manner that conventional
transistors can switch charge currents
• Using arrays of these spin transistors, MRAM will
combine storage, detection, logic and
communication capabilities on a single chip
• This will remove the distinction between working
memory and storage, combining functionality of
many devices into one
17. Datta Das Spin Transistor
• The Datta Das Spin
Transistor was first spin
device proposed for
metal-oxide geometry,
1989
• Emitter and collector are
ferromagnetic with
parallel magnetizations
• The gate provides
magnetic field
• Current is modulated by
the degree of precession
in electron spin
18. Magnetic Semiconductors
• Materials like magnetite are magnetic
semiconductors
• Development of materials similar to conventional
• Research aimed at dilute magnetic semiconductors
– Manganese is commonly doped onto substrate
– However previous manganese-doped GaAs has
transition temp at -88oC
• Curie temperatures above room must be
produced.
19. Current Research
• Weitering et al. have made numerous advances
– Ferromagnetic transition temperature in excess of
100 K in (Ga,Mn)As diluted magnetic semiconductors
(DMS's).
– Spin injection from ferromagnetic to non-magnetic
semiconductors and long spin-coherence times in
semiconductors.
– Ferromagnetism in Mn doped group IV
semiconductors.
– Room temperature ferromagnetism in (Ga,Mn)N,
(Ga,Mn)P, and digital-doped (Ga,Mn)Sb.
– Large magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic
semiconductor tunnel junctions.
21. Conclusion
Interest in spintronics arises, in part, from the looming
problem of exhausting the fundamental physical limits
of conventional electronics.
However, complete reconstruction of industry is unlikely
and spintronics is a “variation” of current technology
The spin of the electron has attracted renewed interest
because it promises a wide variety of new devices that
combine logic, storage and sensor applications.
Moreover, these "spintronic" devices might lead to
quantum computers and quantum communication
based on electronic solid-state devices, thus changing
the perspective of information technology in the 21st
century.
New technology has been proposed which would involve a complete set of new materials, new handling and processing techniques, and altered circuit design. Such developments include single-electron transistors and molecular-electronic devices based on organic materials or carbon nanotubes.
Charge state can be destroyed by interactions with impurities or other charges
Think of optical polarizers
230% with sputtering deposition
Non volatile, instant-on computers
DRAM stores one bit in only one capacitor and transistor, very dense but very power hungry because capacitor loses charge, must be frequently refreshedSRAM stores one bit in six transistors, faster than DRAM but less dense
Rashba effect – consequence of spin orbit interaction, proportional to electric field in a structure with inversion asymmetry
Ideally, each Mn dopant atom represents an acceptor that introduces a local spin and a hole carrier
“The crystalline quality, surface topography, and thermal stability of the films indicate the possibility of growing epitaxial Ge on top of Mn5Ge3 so that epitaxial trilayers or ‘spin valves’ and perhaps even multilayer structures can be fabricated for spintronics research and applications.”
2006 Princeton, A. Yazdani et al. used STM to carefully place individual atoms on GaAs substrateSwarms of bees, spin polarized currents