1. Spintronics is a nanoscale technology that uses an electron's intrinsic spin, rather than just its charge, to carry and process information. This allows for potentially faster data processing speeds and lower power consumption compared to conventional electronics. 2. A key device already used in hard drive read heads and memory is the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sandwich structure, which consists of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metal layers. 3. Research is exploring using external electric and magnetic fields to control spin and charge dynamics in novel ways for applications like spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory and racetrack memory.