Preventing SSI
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This document discusses various preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative factors that can influence the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs). It identifies factors that are not influenceable, not probably influenceable, can be influenced by others, and can and should be influenced by healthcare providers. It emphasizes the importance of implementing basic practices first, such as appropriate hair removal methods, proper skin antisepsis, maintenance of normothermia, and use of antibiotic prophylaxis. Studies are referenced showing the impact of these factors, such as higher SSI rates with hypothermia during surgery. The document advocates a multifaceted approach focusing on modifiable factors to optimize SSI prevention.
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Surgical safety
This document discusses surgical safety and errors. It notes that 234 million operations are performed globally each year, with 1 million deaths and 7 million disabling complications, over 50% of which are preventable. Common errors include wrong site, patient, procedure and retained instruments. Causes include lack of protocols, training, supervision, staffing issues and communication breakdowns. Aviation safety practices are presented as a model, with mandatory reporting and a non-punitive culture. The WHO surgical safety checklist is summarized, which was tested in 8 countries and significantly reduced complications and death rates. Universal adoption of checklists and a culture of safety are recommended to improve patient outcomes during surgery.
Gopal Sedain
This document discusses developing patient safety practices in surgery. It notes that 234 million operations are performed globally each year, but surgical complications occur in 3-16% of cases, resulting in up to 1 million deaths annually. Checklists have been shown to reduce mortality, complications, surgical site infections, and reoperations. Proper site marking and a surgical timeout are emphasized to perform the right procedure on the correct patient. Non-technical skills like communication, leadership, and situation awareness are also important for safety. The document calls for recognizing surgery as a public health issue, increased outcome surveillance, and applying existing safety knowledge to improve practices.
Basic technique of circumcision by regi septian
This document provides a curriculum vitae and information about male circumcision. It summarizes Regi Septian's education and work experience. It then discusses the benefits and risks of male circumcision, including reduced risk of HIV and other STIs, as well as potential risks like bleeding or infection. Various surgical techniques for circumcision are described.
more the surgical team safety better the patient outcome.pptx
The document discusses surgical safety and outlines 3 central problems: it is not recognized as a public health issue, there is a lack of data on surgery and outcomes, and existing safety knowledge is not consistently applied. It notes that over 234 million operations are performed globally each year, with known complication rates of 3-16% and death rates of 0.4-0.8%. The WHO developed a surgical safety checklist to address its 10 objectives for safe surgery, which was piloted in 8 cities and found to reduce postoperative complications and death by over one-third. The checklist provides a simple and effective way to ensure best practices are followed for every patient.
Surgical site infection PRACTICAL PRESENTATION.pptx
The patient presented with abdominal pain, tenderness, and pus draining from his surgical wound one week after undergoing a laparotomy for generalized peritonitis secondary to bowel obstruction. Laboratory findings showed signs of infection such as elevated white blood cell count and ESR. A diagnosis of surgical site infection was made. The patient is being treated with intravenous antibiotics, analgesics, and fluid maintenance.
INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS Detection, Caring Prevention
INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS Detection, Caring PreventionSociety for Microbiology and Infection care
This document discusses infections in intensive care units. It begins by providing background on Ignaz Semmelweis, who established the importance of handwashing in reducing maternal mortality. It then defines an intensive care unit and notes that patients in the ICU are at high risk for infections due to their critical illness and invasive treatments. The document outlines some common healthcare-associated infections in ICU patients like urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and bloodstream infections. It emphasizes the importance of prevention through practices like hand hygiene, prudent antibiotic use, and disinfection/sterilization. The document also provides more detailed discussions on preventing infections related to central lines and urinary catheters.AIDS and Surgeons
This document discusses HIV/AIDS and considerations for surgery in HIV-infected patients. It covers the epidemiology and transmission of HIV, surgical procedures commonly performed in HIV patients like draining abscesses, anorectal surgeries, and managing acute abdominal issues. Occupational risks for surgeons are addressed, including post-exposure prophylaxis guidelines. Universal precautions like barriers, vaccination, and waste disposal are emphasized to prevent transmission during procedures.
Hand infection - An often ignored problem
This document discusses a case study of hand infections in diabetic patients. 49 diabetic patients with hand infections were examined. The majority had deep infections involving bone or joints. Many required multiple surgeries and amputations. Poor glucose control and insulin dependence were associated with worse outcomes. Aggressive surgical debridement and antibiotic treatment are needed to manage these infections, which often have severe consequences if not properly treated.
MRSA Screening-Non molecular vs molecular testing - Dr Gerri Hall - November ...
MRSA Screening-Non molecular vs molecular testing - Dr Gerri Hall - November ...Eastern Pennsylvania Branch ASM
Presented by Dr. Hall at the 40th Annual Symposium "Diagnostic and Clinical Challenges of 20th Century Microbes", held on Nov 18, 2010 in Philadelphia.ERECTILE RESTORATION: SURGICAL Peri-operative management and guidelines
1. Penile prosthesis implantation can effectively treat both penile deformity and erectile dysfunction from Peyronie's disease, with high success and satisfaction rates. However, prosthesis infections remain a concern.
2. Risk of infection can be reduced through proper patient selection and preparation, use of antibiotic-coated devices, adherence to surgical protocols like restricted OR traffic and appropriate skin preparation and draping, and post-operative wound care measures. Perioperative antibiotics are also recommended.
3. While no method can completely prevent infection, these evidence-based practices aim to lower the risk to less than 1%, avoiding severe consequences of prosthesis removal and re-implantation that can result from device infections
Guidline anogeniltal warts
This document provides guidelines for the management of ano-genital warts in the United Kingdom. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and various treatment options for ano-genital warts. Treatment depends on the number, type, and location of warts, and includes topical creams and physical destruction methods. The guidelines recommend that patients be counselled on transmission prevention and treatment side effects. No single treatment is superior, as all have failure and recurrence risks.
APSIC 2019 Patient Engagement
This document discusses patient involvement in infection prevention and control efforts. It suggests including patients in decisions about their own care, quality improvement projects, and strategic planning. Examples of how to engage patients include providing them with information via folders, posters and videos. The document also discusses patients' current internet use to research health topics and find support. It notes that while patients may become well-informed, they still need physician guidance. The rest of the document outlines strategies for engaging patients in hand hygiene monitoring and prevention of surgical site infections and UTIs.
PBM. MANEJO DE LA ANEMIA PREOPERATORIA. Dr García Erce. Roma 2015
This document discusses strategies and protocols for optimizing hemoglobin levels in patients through patient blood management. It begins by outlining the high rates of preoperative anemia seen in various surgical specialties, from 25% to over 50% depending on the procedure. Preoperative anemia is associated with increased risks of mortality, morbidity, length of hospital stay, blood transfusions, and healthcare costs. The document emphasizes the importance of treating preoperative anemia to improve surgical outcomes and lower transfusion rates. It promotes the use of patient blood management strategies that include early anemia screening and treatment, as well as alternatives to allogeneic blood transfusions when possible.
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more the surgical team safety better the patient outcome.pptx
more the surgical team safety better the patient outcome.pptx
Surgical site infection PRACTICAL PRESENTATION.pptx
Surgical site infection PRACTICAL PRESENTATION.pptx
INFECTIONS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS Detection, Caring Prevention
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MRSA Screening-Non molecular vs molecular testing - Dr Gerri Hall - November ...
MRSA Screening-Non molecular vs molecular testing - Dr Gerri Hall - November ...
ERECTILE RESTORATION: SURGICAL Peri-operative management and guidelines
ERECTILE RESTORATION: SURGICAL Peri-operative management and guidelines
PBM. MANEJO DE LA ANEMIA PREOPERATORIA. Dr García Erce. Roma 2015
PBM. MANEJO DE LA ANEMIA PREOPERATORIA. Dr García Erce. Roma 2015
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Masks ECCVID 2
This document discusses arguments for and against universal masking policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. It notes that the definition of "universal masking" varies between countries and references studies on the effectiveness of masks. While masks may provide some protection, especially in healthcare settings, there is limited evidence on their effectiveness in community settings. Concerns about universal masking include improper use, a false sense of security, risk compensation, and lack of evidence that cloth masks work as well as medical masks. Overall, masks are presented as just one part of a comprehensive strategy, and not a replacement for other measures like distancing and isolating when sick.
Apsic 2019 Water and HAI
The document discusses the risks posed by water sources in healthcare settings. It notes that water sources can be contaminated with pathogens like Legionella, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and fungi. Heater-cooler devices used in surgery have been linked to outbreaks of M. chimaera infections. Sinks and drains in patient rooms and bathrooms have been found to harbor multidrug-resistant bacteria and have caused outbreaks through aerosolization and contact with healthcare workers' hands. Removing sinks from intensive care unit rooms and implementing water-free patient care was associated with significantly lower gram-negative bacterial colonization rates in patients.
Apsic 2019 AMS nursing home
This document summarizes work done to implement antibiotic stewardship (AMS) programs in nursing homes in the Netherlands. It finds that while AMS is established in hospitals, it is unknown in nursing homes. It discusses adapting hospital AMS guidelines for nursing homes and the unique needs of nursing homes, including limited resources and staff training. It also reports on establishing an AMS team, monitoring antibiotic use data, providing education to nurses and families, and finding room for improvement, particularly around urinary tract infections. The overall inappropriate antibiotic use for UTIs in nursing homes was found to be 32%.
APSIC 2019 Hand Hygiene Monitoring
1) The document discusses various methods for monitoring hand hygiene (HH) compliance, including direct observation and electronic monitoring systems (EMS).
2) EMS can continuously monitor HH at a larger scale than direct observers, but may not accurately assess the quality of HH episodes.
3) Several challenges exist with EMS including equipment costs, ensuring dispenser coverage in all needed areas, and potential interference with other devices. Proper implementation requires a team effort.
4) Studies show that while EMS can provide prompts to improve HH, rates may fall again without active intervention. Automated monitoring provides more accurate baseline data than human observers alone.
Five moments
This document discusses hand hygiene (HH) compliance among healthcare workers (HCWs) and different approaches to defining moments when HH should occur. It notes that past attempts to define many specific HH moments resulted in guidelines that were too complex to implement. The document advocates for a simpler approach using 5 core moments and acknowledges this still requires many HH actions per shift. It also explores social contact as a potential separate category and questions how to define such contact given microbes don't distinguish between care and social interactions. The document concludes that while the 5 moments approach may not be perfect, no better universally applicable and easy to remember alternative has been identified.
Year in Infection Control
The document discusses a presentation on infection prevention and control given by Andreas Voss. It touches on several topics:
- Human factors engineering to help males aim better in restrooms to reduce spillage and cleaning needs.
- Studies showing priming behaviors like olfactory scents and images of eyes watching can influence honesty and cooperation.
- A study finding removing sinks from ICU rooms and implementing water-free patient care reduced gram-negative bacteria colonization rates in patients.
- The need for clear, unambiguous terminology to build understanding of antimicrobial resistance across different domains to facilitate a global response.
ICPIC 2017 opening keynote
1. The document discusses challenges facing infection prevention and control (IPC) programs, including securing resources from hospital administrators who see IPC as a cost center rather than revenue generator.
2. It provides advice on how to advocate for IPC programs, including demonstrating the impact of healthcare-associated infections on costs and patient safety, using economic analyses to show potential cost savings, and leveraging crises to highlight the value of IPC.
3. The document emphasizes the importance of engaging hospital leadership in supporting a culture of patient safety and outlines a strategic vision for empowering IPC programs through appropriate structure, resources, and education.
Top papers on Infection Control in Nursing Homes
The document discusses several studies related to antimicrobial resistance and infection prevention and control in nursing homes. A study from Hong Kong found an overall MDRO colonization rate of 35.1% among nursing home residents, with MRSA and CRAB being the most common. Another study identified risk factors for CRAB and MRSA colonization like being bed-bound or incontinent. Additional studies discussed interventions to reduce MRSA, C. difficile, and infections in nursing homes through improved antimicrobial stewardship, isolation protocols, hand hygiene programs, and screening practices. However, it was noted that nursing homes often lack dedicated infection prevention resources and have difficulty implementing comprehensive control programs.
IFIC pro con on AMS
This document discusses antimicrobial stewardship programs and their impact on antimicrobial resistance and costs. It notes that while some studies have found reductions in antimicrobial use through stewardship programs can reduce costs, the relationship between use and resistance is complex. Randomized trials evaluating stewardship interventions found lower antimicrobial costs but similar patient outcomes compared to standard care. Overall the document examines both sides of the debate around whether antimicrobial stewardship reduces resistance or simply saves money.
How To Improve Compliance With Infection Control
How can we influence healthcare workers to better comply with infection control guidelines/measures.
Talk during IFIC, Vienna 18-03-2016
Can we get to zero
The document discusses strategies for improving antibiotic use and reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in hospitals. It recommends forming an improvement team to select and implement interventions, monitor compliance with interventions, and check outcomes. Specific interventions discussed include controlling use of reserve antibiotics, standardizing empiric treatment, promoting intravenous to oral switching, educating on antibiotic use, and requiring infectious disease consultation for certain high-risk patients. Real-time surveillance of local resistance trends and guidelines on antibiotic use and infection control are also recommended.
Top10 ic freiburg
Top 10 papers in Infection Control 2014/15. Talk at Freiburger Infektiologie- und Hygienekongress, October 2015
Hand Hygiene and Behavior Change
This document summarizes strategies for improving physician compliance with hand hygiene recommendations. It begins by noting the typically low rates of compliance in Dutch hospitals and outlines factors that may contribute to non-compliance. These include perceptions that guidelines are too complex, that one's own situation is different, or simply not caring. The document then provides suggestions for addressing non-compliance, such as having repeated face-to-face conversations to emphasize evidence that non-compliance harms patients, limiting guidelines to one or two clear options to avoid decision paralysis, and appealing to peer pressure by emphasizing consistency with other institutions. The goal is to overcome barriers to compliance through effective communication and engagement strategies.
ESCMID pro-con on S. aureus decolonization
A "con" presentation of something I am really very much "pro". Still, this were the barriers I had to overcome why implementing S. aureus decolonization
Infection Control 2025 APSIC
The document discusses various challenges related to managing multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) such as VRE in healthcare settings. It notes an outbreak of VRE and lists actions requested of healthcare workers, but also acknowledges ongoing issues like hand hygiene compliance and misunderstandings around isolation protocols. While advanced infection control techniques are desirable, the document emphasizes that proper implementation of basics like hand hygiene, isolation, cleaning, and adherence to guidelines are most important. It raises questions around whether all MDROs require equal screening and management efforts. Regional coordination on surveillance, guidelines and personnel is presented as a strategy to improve practices across different care settings.
Accreditation
The document discusses indicators for accrediting infection control units and hospitals. It proposes assessing structure, process, and outcomes, including monitoring incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms, adherence to infection control guidelines, and environmental cleaning. Outcome indicators like infection and colonization rates are prioritized. Risk stratification into categories like low, medium, and high is recommended based on national guidelines and expert opinion. Both resident and ward-level factors should be considered.
Give up on VRE?
Presentation "Give up on VRE" as part of a debate at HIS 2014 (Lyon, France). Clearly not everything in here is my true opinion, but was part of "playing my part".
VRE
This document summarizes an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) at a hospital. It describes factors that contributed to the outbreak, including poor infection control practices like inadequate hand hygiene and contact isolation. Over 14 months and 450+ cases, efforts were made to control the outbreak through increased cleaning, screening cultures, audits, and feedback. However, challenges with staff fatigue, unit merging, and financial pressures made outbreak control difficult.
Lessons learnt from ebola
Shaheen Methar's fantastic talk on Ebola at ICAN 2014 in Harare, Zimbabwe. Thanks for letting me share her talk)
Ycml
The document discusses the role of the hospital environment in the transmission of pathogens and healthcare-associated infections. It is estimated that 20% of pathogens causing infections in the intensive care unit come from the environment. Surfaces in patient rooms are often contaminated with pathogens, and contact with these surfaces can lead to healthcare worker contamination. Improved cleaning has been shown to reduce transmission of certain pathogens like C. difficile and VRE. The infectious dose may be very low for some environmental pathogens. The document examines various studies on the role of the environment in transmission and potential strategies to reduce environmental contamination.
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According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
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One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
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TEST BANK FOR Health Assessment in Nursing 7th Edition by Weber Chapters 1 - 34.Pneumothorax and role of Physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is Pneumothorax,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is a summary of Pneumothorax:
Pneumothorax, also known as a collapsed lung, is a condition that occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall. This air buildup puts pressure on the lung, preventing it from expanding fully when you breathe. A pneumothorax can cause a complete or partial collapse of the lung.
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN.pdf
Here are some key objectives of communication with children:
Build Trust and Security:
Establish a safe and supportive environment where children feel comfortable expressing themselves.
Encourage Expression:
Enable children to articulate their thoughts, feelings, and experiences.
Promote Emotional Understanding:
Help children identify and understand their own emotions and the emotions of others.
Enhance Listening Skills:
Develop children’s ability to listen attentively and respond appropriately.
Foster Positive Relationships:
Strengthen the bond between children and caregivers, peers, and other adults.
Support Learning and Development:
Aid cognitive and language development through engaging and meaningful conversations.
Teach Social Skills:
Encourage polite, respectful, and empathetic interactions with others.
Resolve Conflicts:
Provide tools and guidance for children to handle disagreements constructively.
Encourage Independence:
Support children in making decisions and solving problems on their own.
Provide Reassurance and Comfort:
Offer comfort and understanding during times of distress or uncertainty.
Reinforce Positive Behavior:
Acknowledge and encourage positive actions and behaviors.
Guide and Educate:
Offer clear instructions and explanations to help children understand expectations and learn new concepts.
By focusing on these objectives, communication with children can be both effective and nurturing, supporting their overall growth and well-being.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
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Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
nursing management of patient with Empyema ppt
prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, SPN
Empyema is a disease of respiratory system It is defines as the accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within the pleural space, often with fibrin development.
Empyema is also called pyothorax or purulent pleuritis.
It’s a condition in which pus gathers in the area between the lungs and the inner surface of the chest wall. This area is known as the pleural space.
Pus is a fluid that’s filled with immune cells, dead cells, and bacteria.
Pus in the pleural space can’t be coughed out. Instead, it needs to be drained by a needle or surgery.
Empyema usually develops after pneumonia, which is an infection of the lung tissue. it is mainly caused due in infectious micro-organisms. It can be treated with medications and other measures.
Monopoly PCD Pharma Franchise in Tripura
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Know Latest Hiranandani Hospital Powai News.pdf
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
Friendly Massage in Ajman - Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
If you are interested in experiencing transformative massage treatment at Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, you can use our Ajman Massage Center WhatsApp Number to schedule your next massage session.
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Preventing SSI
- 1. 17-11-18 1 Prof. dr. Andreas Voss MD, PhD, FSHEA, FESCMID, FISAC President-Elect ISAC Nijmegen, The Netherlands I hope that Houston knows that “we” is not Infection Control but the surgeons SSI Surgeon IPC OR Ward Wound care Anesth. Buyers etc … Your are entering the operating theatre There are many pre-and perioperative factors that determine whether or not a patient will develop a SSI No influence possible ¤ Age ¤ Underlying disease ¤ Malignancy ¤ Wound classification ¤ Prosthetic material Influence not probable • Laminar air-flow • Sterilization • Pre-op hospitalization Influence by others • BMI >30 • Nicotine use • Malnutrition • Infection at remote site Can & should be influenced • Surveillance • S. aureus colonization • Normothermia/hyperoxia • Glucose levels • Hair-removal • Antimicrobial prophylaxis • Skin disinfection/decolonization ¤ Basic practices ² that should be adopted by all acute care hospitals ¤ Special approaches ²that can be considered for use in locations and/or populations within hospitals when “preventive maximum” is reached ² incision drapes, coated sutures, …
- 2. 17-11-18 2 ¤ Prioritize your efforts by initially focusing on the implementation of basic practices Classen. NEJM 1992;328:281. Infections(%) Hours From Incision
- 3. 17-11-18 3 ¤Inappropriate: ²Shaving ¤Appropriate: ²No hair removal at all ²Clipping ²Depilatory use Warning: Free-ranging Hospital Administrator Why buy expensive clipper heads. Blunt razors are fine • Hypothermia reduces tissue oxygen tension by vasoconstriction. • Hypothermia reduces leukocyte superoxide production. • Hypothermia increases bleeding and transfusion requirements. • Hypothermia increases duration of hospital stay even in uninfected patients. Kurz et al. NEJM 1996; 334:1209-15 Patients with colorectal operations sample SSI rate (%) 6 % 19 % Normothermia Hypothermia p=0.009 200 Patients
- 4. 17-11-18 4 SSI-rate Local Systemic Control 5 (4%) 8 (6%) 19 (14%) Melling. Lancet. 2001; 358:876. NEJM I don’t know why but I want pink ! I used red stuff for 20 years! Why switch? I want no color! If I can’t see the patients dies! I need nothing, I have no infections! This IC people really bore me. Just leave my OR! Meet my surgical team Darouiche et al NEJM 2010;362:18-26 Great study: It matters which skin disinfectant you use! Only problem: wrong comparator ! Charehbili Surg Infect 2014;15:DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.185 non-randomized, non-blinded V
- 5. 17-11-18 5 Charehbili et al. Surg Infect 2014;15:DOI: 10.1089/sur.2012.185 Nasal S. aureus decolonization Bode et al. NEJM 2010, January 7th van Rijen M et al. JAC 2008 year No significant risk reduction was observed for patients operated on during the second and third surveillance years % SSI Geubels et al Intern J Qual Health Care 2006;18:127-133
- 6. 17-11-18 6 Brandt et al, Ann Surg 2008; 248:695-700. ¤ Antibiotic prophylaxis ¤ Clipper for hair removal ¤ Alcohol-based skin disinfectant ¤ Perioperative glycemic control ¤ Perioperative normothermia ¤ Oxygination ¤ STAU decolonization ¤ Alcohol-based skin disinfection ¤ Surveillance & feedback